UAE strengthens regulatory oversight of virtual asset service providers

An industry advocacy body for crypto and Web3 in India had urged the Indian government to take action against nine offshore exchanges, prompting the government to issue show cause notices and block URLs recently. Native industry pushbackAccording to CoinDesk, the publication has seen a copy of a letter that was sent in mid-December by the Bharat Web3 Association (BWA), addressed to the Indian Finance Ministry’s Department of Revenue Secretary, Sanjay Malhotra. The letter was penned by BWA Chairman Dilip Chenoy. Chenoy has been in the role since March of last year having a number of years of leadership experience within Indian industry bodies under his belt, with time spent previously as Secretary General of the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and as Chairman of the board of Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology. According to its LinkedIn profile, the BWA seeks to “advocate for the collaboration between the regulatory bodies and the Industry for creating awareness about the new age technology and the emerging [Web3/crypto] asset class.” ‘Show cause’ noticesIt emerged last week that India’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) had issued “compliance show-cause” notices to a number of overseas crypto platforms who have otherwise been active within the Indian market. The FIU is a national body tasked with liaising with and providing information to enforcement agencies where suspected illicit transactions are concerned. The offshore exchanges, including Binance, KuCoin, Huobi, Kraken, Gate.io, Bittrex, Bitstamp, MEXC Global and Bitfinex, have been given a two-week deadline to respond to the show cause notice. This notice questions why regulatory actions should not be taken against them, aiming to ensure compliance with the country's financial regulations. It’s understood that the BWA's letter requested a one-month grace period for offshore exchanges to register with the FIU. It remains unclear whether the government's actions were solely prompted by the BWA's letter or if it would have taken place independently. Notably, the BWA's letter aligns with the government's earlier mandate in March, requiring crypto businesses to register with the FIU and adhere to anti-money laundering processes under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). Since then, 31 domestic entities have registered with the FIU. Photo by Peter Glaser on UnsplashEnsuring a fair gameThe BWA's letter also proposes that offshore exchanges establish an Indian subsidiary, deposit the applicable tax deducted at source (TDS) from July 1, 2022 and face restrictions, including potential access blocks on mobile app stores and IP addresses, for non-compliance. While it's unclear if all these requests feature in the show cause notices, the BWA emphasizes the need for fair competition. Rajagopal Menon, Vice President of leading Indian crypto exchange WazirX, stressed that “all we are asking for is a level playing field." The BWA's letter also urges the government to grant Indian retailers a 30-day window to withdraw assets before implementing any restrictions. The fledgling BWA industry body recently celebrated its first anniversary with its founding member, CoinSwitch founder Ashish Singhal, stating that he got involved with the BWA “to help build an effective regulatory framework for Web3 and digital assets in India.” Singhal added that the BWA’s mission is “to help India realize its vision to be the leading digital economy.” 

South Korea will tax crypto gains regardless of whether assets sit on domestic exchanges, offshore platforms or in self-custody wallets when its long-delayed digital asset levy takes effect in 2027. Policing private wallets, however, will be difficult, the tax agency acknowledged. Income residents earn from transferring or lending digital assets will be subject to tax wherever they are kept, the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the National Tax Service said in written responses to People Power Party lawmaker Kim Sang-hoon, according to Digital Asset. The regime is scheduled to take effect Jan. 1, 2027. Gains above an annual deduction of 2.5 million won, or about $1,800, will be treated as miscellaneous income and taxed at 20%, or 22% including the local surtax.Ilustration generated with ChatGPTThe NTS said self-custody wallets are difficult to track since users can freely generate new addresses and transact without regulated intermediaries. It plans to use blockchain tracing tools to strengthen enforcement. For offshore exchanges, authorities will rely on overseas financial account reporting and the OECD's Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework, or CARF. The treatment of staking, lending, airdrops and hard forks remains unsettled. Tokens distributed free by exchanges may already count as miscellaneous income when classified as prizes or promotional rewards. Foreign crypto companies and domestic financial institutions are also expanding their presence in the market. BitGo Korea completed its virtual asset service provider registration after receiving Financial Intelligence Unit approval on Aug. 18, Yonhap reported. It is the first local subsidiary of a foreign crypto company to register as a VASP without acquiring an already licensed operator. Hanwha Asset Management, Ripple and U.S. investment manager Canary Capital have formed a partnership spanning trading, custody, wallets, payments, tokenized real-world assets and exchange-traded funds, Korea Economic Daily TV reported. Canary CEO Steven McClurg said the company intends to launch an ETF in South Korea, building on its experience with its U.S. XRP ETF. Ripple has also signed Jeonbuk Bank as the first South Korean regional bank to use Ripple Payments for cross-border corporate remittances, cutting settlement times from several days to near-instant. Shinhan Asset Management signed a memorandum of understanding with Plume Network to test a won-denominated tokenized fund based on one of its ultra-short-term bond funds, Yonhap Infomax reported. The trial will be conducted in a country outside the two markets and cover issuance, distribution, wallet whitelisting, know-your-customer (KYC) checks and anti-money-laundering (AML) controls. Any rollout at home would still require regulatory approval. The 2027 timeline could still slip. Kim is preparing a bill to push the levy back to Jan. 1, 2029, Edaily reported. The National Assembly's legislative office is reviewing the proposal, which could be introduced as early as this month. South Korea first planned to introduce the crypto tax in 2021 but has delayed it several times. 

Alchemy Pay, a Singapore-based platform that supports fiat to crypto purchases across 173 countries using Visa, Mastercard, regional mobile wallets and domestic transfers, has announced that it now provides a rupee-denominated on-ramp using India’s UPI real-time payments system.Photo by rupixen.com on UnsplashIn a recent blog post, the fiat to crypto payments solutions provider outlined that it now has the capacity to more effectively on-ramp India’s 1.4 billion citizens by enabling domestic transfer payments to effect crypto purchases through the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), a popular instant payments system in India. Processing domestic transactionsThe move means that Indian citizens can interact with the platform by way of simple, real-time domestic transfers, with a minimum purchase value of 1250 INR. First introduced in 2016, UPI has been wildly successful. In September 2022, the system recorded a monthly transaction volume of 6.7 billion transactions, representing a movement of $140 billion.The platform has partnered with 358 banks and continues to grow and expand its network. In Alchemy Pay’s home territory of Singapore, UPI has recently secured an integration with PayNow, a Singaporean secure funds transfer service. Referring to the PayNow/UPI integration in its blog post, Alchemy Pay is likely to be extending its UPI-based transfer service as a direct consequence.The payments facilitator claims that its plugin is “now being used by many wallets, DeFi, gaming and NFT marketplaces, as well as exchanges like OKX and LBank.”The Alchemy Pay platform has focused in particular on emerging regional real-time payments platforms. Within emerging markets it supports similar systems such as Pix, SPEI, GCash, Dana and OVO. As the Singaporean start-up puts it, ”simplifying the on-boarding process is crucial for the widespread adoption of cryptocurrencies and by enabling local payment options, Alchemy Pay makes the adoption by a growing number of users possible.”Off the back of this expanded service offering, the company is currently inviting developers of Web3 platforms and dApps to get in touch so as to enable them in adding its plugin and integrating its API. Importance of bridging crypto with fiatIn another blog post on Monday, Alchemy Pay underscored the importance of an ability to on/off ramp to and from the crypto ecosystem. The company points out that in its recent history, the crypto space has been a complex and intimidating environment to enter or exit to/from the conventional world. It claims to be playing its part in changing this.According to the firm, its available options of transferring fiat currency to a user’s credit card, savings card or bank account via SWIFT, IBAN or local bank transfer is far more seamless than what has been offered to crypto space participants up until now. These transfers can be effected in minutes, with the platform supporting 22 currencies and payouts facilitated in over 60 countries.The digital assets space doesn’t exist in a vacuum. Current generations were all born into fiat-based monetary systems and naturally enough, the overwhelming majority of wealth is tied up within traditional systems.While digital assets have garnered quite a bit of attention over the course of the past few years, the overall market capitalization of crypto, which stands at $1.2 trillion at the time of publication according to cryptocurrency data aggregator CoinGecko, is only a drop in the bucket by comparison with the wealth that exists within the conventional system. More seamless bridging in line with what Alchemy Pay is offering will be necessary for this space to have a realistic chance of conquering mass market adoption.