Saudi Arabia’s NEOM Forms $50M Animoca Brands Partnership

Bank of Korea Conducts Successful CBDC Pilot Test with Financial InstitutionsThe Bank of Korea (BOK) announced yesterday in a press release that its central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot program operated successfully in a practical setting involving multiple financial institutions.Testing environmentsPreviously, the CBDC system was tested in an isolated cloud environment. In this recent test, the system was installed on the servers of various financial institutions over a five-month period to evaluate its performance.The 1.2 billion KRW ($905,000) project included the participation of six companies, such as Kakao’s Krust Universe, KakaoBank, and KakaoPay, as well as 14 banks and the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute. Kookmin, Shinhan, and Woori were among the participating banks.Four scenariosThe BOK and financial institutions tested the system’s performance under four scenarios: increasing transaction requests per second, increasing the number of active users, reducing the transaction queue size, and adjusting the block generation time ratio.The increase in transaction requests led to a 10% decrease in transactions per second (TPS), from 2,100 TPS to 1,900 TPS, compared to the single cloud environment test. This result is still deemed acceptable, as the highest TPS recorded in the current small payment infrastructure network is 1,200, which occurs on paydays and other high-transaction days.Issues such as slower response times arose with higher transaction request volumes but were resolved by enlarging the transaction queue size and increasing the block formation time proportion in the block generation process. The block generation process involves two stages: block formation, where transactions are recorded, and block validation, where transactions are verified.Greater stabilityThe test demonstrated that transaction errors at individual institutions did not affect others, suggesting that a distributed ledger system offers greater management stability than a centralized system. However, institutional officers cited challenges in problem-solving and communication when using the distributed ledger system.The BOK plans to involve more institutions in ongoing experiments this year, supporting them in testing their smart contracts on the CBDC pilot system.Photo by Bundo Kim on Unsplash

JPEX Exchange Scandal Sees Crypto Regulation Under Scrutiny in Hong KongWhile Hong Kong has been developing steadily as a crypto sector hub, the focus in the Chinese autonomous territory has turned towards regulation after a recent scandal involving an unlicensed cryptocurrency exchange.Photo by Ihor Saveliev on UnsplashOngoing investigationYesterday we reported on some arrests relative to problems experienced at crypto exchange JPEX. The fallout continues on Tuesday, with the Hong Kong police now understood to have arrested eight individuals, including social media influencers who promoted the exchange and JPEX employees, on allegations of fraud. This illicit activity in and around the JPEX exchange has affected over 1,600 investors, implicating more than $150 million in assets.JPEX, in response to mounting pressure, announced the suspension of trading on its platform. In a statement, the exchange mentioned ongoing negotiations with third-party market makers to address liquidity shortages. However, JPEX also accused an unidentified third-party market maker of maliciously freezing funds, further complicating the situation.Politicians and regulators speak outResponding to the incident via a press conference on Tuesday, Hong Kong’s Chief Executive, John Lee, emphasized the significance of investing in virtual assets through licensed platforms. Lee stated:“This incident highlights the importance that when investors want to invest in virtual assets, then they must invest on platforms that are licensed.” He also pledged that the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) would closely monitor the situation to ensure investor protection.Elizabeth Wong, the Head of the SFC’s fintech unit, revealed that an investigation was underway to determine whether JPEX had violated anti-money laundering laws. The SFC had already declared JPEX unlicensed, prompting numerous complaints from investors who were unable to withdraw their virtual assets or experienced unexplained reductions in their balances.Assets frozenHong Kong authorities have taken decisive action against those involved in the scandal. They have frozen bank accounts valued at 15 million Hong Kong dollars ($1 million) and seized three properties valued at 44 million Hong Kong dollars. The police have reported receiving 1,641 complaints related to JPEX, involving a staggering $1.2 billion Hong Kong dollars. By last Wednesday, the SFC had received in excess of 1,000 complaints and at that point, they notified the general public.The JPEX scandal has drawn attention to the need for stronger cryptocurrency regulations in Hong Kong, a region that has become attractive to cryptocurrency firms since mainland China banned cryptocurrency transactions in 2021. In mainland China, trading cryptocurrencies on foreign exchanges from within the country remains illegal.Hong Kong’s response to cryptocurrency regulation has evolved. Beginning on June 1, the SFC started accepting applications from cryptocurrency exchanges, allowing licensed operators to serve retail investors, provided they understand the associated risks. Previously, only professional investors had access to such exchanges. Currently, only two exchanges in Hong Kong, OSL Exchange and Hashkey Exchange, have received approval to operate.As Hong Kong reevaluates its approach to cryptocurrency regulation, the crypto sector will hope that it strikes a balance between fostering innovation and protecting investors from fraud and market manipulation.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has unveiled a new initiative aimed at enhancing the nation’s financial infrastructure through the use of stablecoins and tokenized commercial bank money. Announced on Oct. 16, the project, known as BLOOM, short for Borderless, Liquid, Open, Online, Multi-currency, brings together 16 financial sector participants, including Anchorage Digital, Ant International, Circle, Coinbase, and DBS Bank. According to MAS, BLOOM is open to additional participants through a registration form available on its official website.Photo by Jason Leung on UnsplashBuilding on Project OrchidBLOOM operates under Project Orchid, a digital Singapore dollar initiative launched in 2021 to explore potential applications of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in strengthening Singapore’s financial ecosystem. Through BLOOM, it will examine use cases involving G10 and Asian currencies, covering both domestic and cross-border payments, as well as wholesale financial transactions. The project’s focus includes coordinating interoperability between different networks to enable the distribution and clearing of settlement assets. It will also explore automated compliance checks and study methods to make wholesale settlements more efficient and cost-effective. Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are expected to play a supporting role, executing transactions automatically within predefined limits and regulatory parameters. Expanding stablecoin usage in SingaporeThe MAS initiative comes shortly after the listing of XSGD, a Singapore dollar–backed stablecoin, on the U.S.-based crypto exchange Coinbase on Oct. 1. XSGD is issued by StraitsX, a digital payments provider, and is fully backed by reserve assets held with DBS Bank and Standard Chartered. Stablecoin payments have gained traction in Singapore’s retail sector as well. StraitsX recently began supporting settlements in USDT and USDC through OKX Pay. Consumers can use SGQR codes at participating GrabPay merchants to make everyday purchases, such as coffee, with transactions settled directly in Singapore dollars into merchant accounts. Rising local interest in digital assetsSingapore’s growing engagement with digital assets reflects a broader trend of public interest. A report from ApeX Protocol, cited by Cointelegraph, ranked Singapore as the world’s most “crypto-obsessed” nation, awarding it a composite score of 100. The ranking considered ownership rates, adoption growth, search activity, and ATM availability. The study found that 24.4% of Singapore’s population holds cryptocurrency, ahead of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which scored 99.7 despite a 25.3% ownership rate. In a separate development, Channel News Asia reported that three Singaporeans have been implicated in a large-scale fraud scheme linked to Cambodia’s Prince Group. The U.S. Department of Justice recently confiscated 127,271 Bitcoin tied to the operation—the largest seizure in its history. Following the investigation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control imposed sanctions on the three individuals as well as 17 Singapore-registered entities. The sanctions block access to any property in their possession and prohibit U.S. persons from engaging in transactions with them, citing risks to U.S. national security and foreign policy interests.