Former PBOC Governor: CBDC Development Must Focus on Security

The Japan Exchange Group (JPX), operator of the Tokyo and Osaka stock exchanges, is considering measures to curb the expansion of publicly listed digital-asset treasury (DAT) firms, according to sources speaking to Bloomberg. JPX is reportedly exploring various regulatory avenues, ranging from tightening backdoor listing rules to mandating new audits for applicable firms. Following recent scrutiny from the exchange, three Japanese public companies have suspended their cryptocurrency purchase plans since September. These firms were reportedly warned that pursuing crypto investment as a core strategy could restrict their ability to raise future capital. While JPX currently lacks binding regulations explicitly prohibiting listed companies from accumulating digital assets, a representative stated that the exchange is monitoring firms with potential governance and risk issues to protect the interests of shareholders and investors.Photo by Su San Lee on UnsplashMetaplanet responds to regulatory concernsFollowing the Bloomberg report, Metaplanet, a Japanese public company that has adopted a Bitcoin accumulation strategy similar to that of the American firm Strategy, issued a clarifying statement. The firm asserted that it "has not been subject to any regulatory actions or investigations by relevant authorities concerning our business operations." Metaplanet emphasized its willingness to engage in constructive dialogue with regulators should any inquiries arise. According to BitcoinTreasuries.net data, Metaplanet is currently Japan’s largest corporate Bitcoin holder and ranks fourth globally among public companies, trailing only Strategy, MARA Holdings, and XXI. The extent of the firm’s commitment to this strategy was highlighted by Shinpei Okuno, Metaplanet’s Head of IR and Capital Strategy, who shared the company’s holdings via X. Balance sheet data as of September 30, 2025, reveals that Bitcoin accounts for 99% of Metaplanet’s total assets, 542.7 billion yen out of 550.7 billion yen. Okuno noted that the company aims to maintain a balance sheet structure that supports the issuance of digital credits collateralized by its crypto holdings. Market performance and sector outlookThe stock performance of DAT firms highlights the market's reaction to these risks. According to Yahoo Finance data, Metaplanet’s share price has declined 40.29% over the past six months to 372 yen. This drop outpaces Bitcoin’s 8% decline over the same period. This downward pressure is visible across the broader DAT sector. Decrypt reported that Strategy's stock has fallen 50% from its July peak, while SharpLink, which invests in Ethereum, has dropped nearly 90%. Data from StrategyTracker indicates that the market-net-asset values (mNAVs) of these firms have slipped to near or below 1, reflecting depressed valuations. Analysts warn that low mNAVs complicate capital raising efforts, potentially forcing these firms to liquidate crypto holdings to cover operating expenses. At the same time, the analysts acknowledged possible tailwinds. Fakhul Miah, Managing Director at GoMining Institutional, told Decrypt that Bitcoin-oriented DATs generally outperform those investing in multiple, higher-risk crypto assets. He suggested that if U.S. economic data indicates easing inflation and the Federal Reserve cuts rates in December, Bitcoin could rally. Yaroslav Patsira, Fractional Director at CEX.IO, echoed this sentiment, noting that the outlook for DATs is tied closely to Bitcoin’s potential upside. Taking a longer-term view, Decrypt noted that despite the recent pullback, crypto-related equities have shown strong year-to-date (YTD) performance relative to the underlying asset. Galaxy Digital is up 73.4% and SharpLink 43.2% YTD, compared to Bitcoin’s 8.6% gain, suggesting the current correction is taking place within a broader uptrend. Japanese stablecoin push faces U.S. resistanceBeyond the equity markets, Japanese crypto initiatives are also encountering regulatory friction in the U.S. Decrypt reported that a coalition of small U.S. banks has formally objected to a bid by Connectia Trust, a proposed subsidiary of Sony Bank, to issue dollar-backed stablecoins in the U.S. Sony Group’s banking arm last month applied to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency for a national trust charter to facilitate these issuances. The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) argues that the Japanese institution is attempting to exploit regulatory gaps to avoid the oversight applied to traditional banks, noting that Connectia’s stablecoin bears similarities to bank deposits. However, Kadan Stadelmann, CTO of Komodo Platform, offered a different view, telling Decrypt the concerns are “overstated and driven by big-bank interests.” As Connectia’s application undergoes U.S. regulatory review, it has once again exposed the underlying divide between established banking interests and crypto-native approaches to financial services, particularly around how stablecoin issuers should be overseen.

Suspects emerge in Taiwan in ongoing JPEX scandal falloutIn the ongoing saga surrounding the collapse of Dubai-headquartered cryptocurrency exchange JPEX, Taiwanese prosecutors have identified new suspects, marking a significant development in the case.The Taipei District Prosecutors Office (TDPO) has requested the custody of Chang Tung-ying, chief partner at JPEX’s Taiwan office, over allegations of fraud. That’s according to a report by local TV channel TVBS News on Thursday.Photo by Ricky Zeng on UnsplashMoney laundering and Banking Act violationsThis latest development brings a new twist to the scandal, which has largely been playing out in the Chinese territory of Hong Kong. The TDPO reportedly conducted searches at nine locations linked to the JPEX investigation. Chang, along with three other individuals, including JPEX lecturer Shih Yu-sheng (also known as Shi Yu), was summoned by the authorities. Chang and Shih are being investigated for violations of the Banking Act and the Money Laundering Control Act.During the investigation, JPEX salespersons Liu Chien-fu and Niu Keng-sheng were released, with Liu being granted bail of 50,000 New Taiwan dollars ($1,550). Niu, the registered person in charge of JPEX Taiwan, was released after questioning.Celebrity promoter focusThe report also revealed that Nine Chen, a Taiwanese celebrity and singer who previously served as a brand ambassador for JPEX, was summoned by prosecutors. He has cooperated with law enforcement in the role of a witness to the alleged fraud who has testified to illicit activity carried out by the platform. However, it is now understood that recent events have developed such that Chen is now being treated as a defendant.This action resonates with actions taken by the authorities in Hong Kong some weeks ago in the earlier stages of investigation into this affair. In September, one of the first actions taken by Hong Kong law enforcement was the arrest and detention of social media influencer and former lawyer Joseph Lam, known to followers as “Jolamchok” on the Instagram platform.Alleged liquidity crisisJPEX, once a successful crypto exchange, abruptly halted some services in mid-September, citing a liquidity crisis triggered by alleged “unfair treatment” from institutions in Hong Kong. The sudden implosion led to accusations of misleading investors regarding the application for a crypto trading license and other issues.The scandal surrounding JPEX has escalated into a major industry concern, prompting investigations by Hong Kong authorities. Over 2,000 complaints from JPEX users, reporting losses of nearly $180 million, have triggered significant regulatory attention.As investigations progressed in Hong Kong, the authorities took the decision to block access to the platform, with the platform responding by advising customers to circumvent this restriction through the use of a virtual private network (VPN).As of September 25, law enforcement has arrested at least 11 alleged suspects in the JPEX case, while the alleged masterminds remain at large. At that time, Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) pledged to renew its efforts to combat unregulated crypto platforms in Hong Kong.A survey conducted by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) business school has indicated that the affair has had a negative impact on public sentiment towards crypto more recently.

Korea’s FSC Embarks on Developing Regulatory Framework for VASPsThe South Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) has taken a step towards the development of a virtual asset regulation system by seeking external parties to undertake a research project in this area, according to local news agency News1.Photo by Joshua Miranda on PexelsSecond phaseEarlier this month, the National Assembly passed the Virtual Asset User Protection Bill, aimed at protecting investors and preventing unfair trading practices. This legislative accomplishment, scheduled to go effective in July next year, is referred to as the “first phase” of virtual asset regulations. Building upon this foundation, the FSC has now shifted its focus to the “second phase,” which involves the regulation of virtual asset service providers (VASPs).Regulating VASP operationsOne primary concern regarding VASPs is the potential for conflicts of interest arising from their involvement in the issuance and distribution of virtual assets. In response, the FSC is determined to design a regulatory framework that covers a wide range of virtual assets, including stablecoins, security tokens, and utility tokens.In addition to this, the FSC intends to establish a system that governs advisory and disclosure businesses, which will play a crucial role in disseminating information about asset prices and disclosures.Moreover, the regulatory system will include guidelines for holding parties accountable in case of incidents and for overseeing the operations of VASPs to maintain a safe and fair market environment.The FSC acknowledges the significance of aligning policies with international standards. To achieve this, the commission will conduct an examination of virtual asset regulatory approaches taken by different countries and international organizations. Through this study, the FSC aims to integrate global best practices and approaches into Korea’s own regulatory framework for virtual assets.Once the study is complete, the FSC has to report the result to the National Policy Committee of the National Assembly by July 2024 before the Virtual Asset User Protection Bill goes into effect.