Komainu Secures FCA Approval in Boost For Crypto Custody in the UK

Bank of Japan Publishes Results of CBDC PoCThe Bank of Japan (BoJ) recently concluded the second phase of its central bank digital currency (CBDC) proof of concept (PoC) project, which began in April. The results of this phase were published on Monday, and they shed light on key aspects such as the comparison between account-based and token-based CBDCs and the management of holding limits for users with multiple accounts.Photo by Manuel Cosentino on UnsplashToken-based CBDCsThe experiments conducted by the central bank covered a wide range of topics. Among the most intriguing findings were the advantages and disadvantages of token-based CBDCs and how to effectively impose holding limits for users with multiple CBDC balances.Token-based CBDCs have garnered interest from various central banks, with some adopting the UTXO token model used by Bitcoin without the use of a distributed ledger. A UTXO or unspent transaction output, defines where a blockchain transaction starts and finishes. The Bank of Japan explored this model and analyzed its pros and cons.In the initial proof of concept, both account-based and token-based CBDCs were examined, considering scenarios where the central bank managed the ledger or shared it with intermediaries like banks. In the token-based model, fixed token denominations were used, similar to physical cash in countries like India, and a centralized ledger was employed. However, in the recent phase, the central bank utilized flexible value tokens similar to UTXO and shared ledger functions with intermediaries.The Bank of Japan favored the flexible value token model due to its ability to handle multiple requests simultaneously. However, it acknowledged that this model may require more technical resources compared to the account-based approach. Challenges may arise when implementing additional functions, such as holding limits, while maintaining optimal performance. The European Central Bank (ECB) also noted in a recent report that most payment providers are accustomed to account-based payments and would incur costs to adapt to token-based systems.Another significant aspect explored by the BoJ was how to impose holding limits when users have multiple CBDC balances through different intermediaries. The challenge lies in determining if the overall holding limit has been breached without compromising user privacy.Homomorphic encryptionOne possible solution discussed in the report is the use of homomorphic encryption, which enables computations to be performed on encrypted data without it first needing to be decrypted. That allows for the necessary checks without intermediaries accessing the specific data being checked. Although this solution may slightly increase processing time, it could introduce a higher risk of data inconsistencies.Alternatively, a simpler approach proposed by the central bank is to establish a per-account holding limit and a limit on the number of accounts a single user can hold, rather than imposing global limits. Ideally, users with multiple accounts would have a higher per-account holding limit compared to those with fewer accounts.Phase 3 underwayWith the next pilot phase already underway, the BoJ aims to test the end-to-end process flow and identify challenges related to integrating with external systems. Additionally, they are creating a CBDC Forum to gather input from the private sector, ensuring a collaborative approach to CBDC development.While investigation and research into CBDCs continues, the BoJ has said that it will make a final decision on CBDC implementation by 2026.

Coins.ph, the leading crypto exchange in the Philippines, has announced its support for BRC-20 tokens. As part of that move, the exchange has successfully integrated the ORDI token, thereby becoming the inaugural platform in the country to embrace the BRC-20 standard. The platform clarified its support for BRC-20 in a recent blog post, which it published to its website. Coins.ph revealed its intention to expand its services further by adding support for additional BRC-20 tokens, showcasing a forward-looking approach to cater to the evolving needs of its user base. BRC-20 is a standard facilitating the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain. The inclusion of this technical standard allows for the minting of tokens with unique features, introducing a new dimension to the capabilities of the world's flagship cryptocurrency.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashORDI memecoin additionORDI stands out as one of the most popular BRC-20 tokens, gaining traction and reaching an all-time high above $81 earlier this week. This surge in value followed the addition of trading support by crypto exchange Binance in early November, underscoring the influence of strategic partnerships and market dynamics on token performance. Wei Zhou, CEO of Coins.ph, expressed the company's commitment to staying at the forefront of digital asset innovation through this strategic move. Highlighting the remarkable growth in BRC-20 activity since its launch earlier in the year, Zhou emphasized the importance of enabling users to participate in these opportunities. He mentioned the recent listing of $ORDI and hinted at future product offerings enabled by the BRC-20 standard. Industry trendWhile coins.ph may have been the first exchange in the Philippines to introduce BRC-20 support, it's not the first mover in the broader Asian region. Back in May, leading crypto exchange OKX decided to support the BRC-20 standard through its OKX Wallet product. The company’s support of the standard was validated more recently when it emerged that BRC-20 support played a large role in OKX NFT Marketplace taking top rank as the NFT marketplace with the greatest trading volume earlier this month. Seychelles-based crypto derivatives platform Bitget has also identified the associated growth potential. Earlier this week, the platform unveiled a plan to support development within the Bitcoin ecosystem, inclusive of BRC-20. The fusion of ordinals and BRC-20 enables users to embed images, texts or audio, among other data, into satoshis—the smallest units of BTC. Bitcoin community controversyAmidst these developments, concerns have been raised by Bitcoin core developer Luke Dashjr. On Dec. 6, Dashjr disclosed that developers are working to remove Bitcoin inscriptions before the v27 update scheduled for the next year. This would imply the elimination of ordinals and BRC-20 from the Bitcoin landscape. Dashjr clarified that Bitcoin Core has allowed users to set limits on extra data size in transactions since 2013 through the "datacarriersize" setting. Despite this, inscriptions have found a way to bypass the limit by obfuscating their data as program code. He reassured the community that a recent bug in Bitcoin Knots v25.1 has been fixed, addressing concerns about vulnerability.

In less than a year since Hong Kong regulators gave the green light to crypto exchanges, there's been a noticeable surge of interest among traditional financial institutions and brokerages eager to secure their digital asset licenses for trading.Photo by Florian Wehde on UnsplashTiger BrokersTiger Brokers, a Beijing-headquartered one-stop trading brokerage with nine million international customers, offers one such example. The firm upgraded its Type 1 Hong Kong Securities & Futures Commission (SFC) license in January to include crypto trading for professional investors and financial institutions based in Hong Kong. The move followed an uptick in interest from mainland China-based firms in Q4, 2023.In a recent interview with Cointelegraph, John Fei Zeng, the CFO and director of Tiger Brokers, revealed that the firm currently boasts 865,500 funded accounts in Hong Kong, managing $18.9 billion in assets. Zeng stated: "Residents of Hong Kong will be able to trade virtual assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum alongside stocks, options, futures, funds, and ETFs [Through Tiger Trade]." He explained that as part of the firm's expansion plans, additional digital assets will be evaluated. HKMA guidance on crypto custodyAs a testament to the regulatory clarity that has attracted firms like Tiger Brokers, on Tuesday Hong Kong's central bank issued guidance for authorized institutions interested in offering custody services for digital assets. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) outlined comprehensive risk assessment procedures and emphasized the importance of robust policies, oversight, and resource allocation to manage custodial activities effectively. Notably, the HKMA's guidance seeks to address concerns stemming from recent industry mishaps, including the collapse of FTX, Terra and Three Arrows Capital (3AC), by mandating stringent safeguards to protect clients' digital assets from theft, fraud or misappropriation. Key requirements include independent systems audits, secure storage practices and transparent record-keeping, underscoring the regulator's commitment to fostering trust and stability in the digital asset ecosystem. Victory SecuritiesIn a similar move to that of Tiger Brokers, Victory Securities, another Hong Kong brokerage, secured a license from the SFC last November to offer crypto trading services for retail investors. The company reported a significant surge in virtual asset transactions and new customer acquisitions, prompting plans to introduce trading discounts to incentivize compliant and safe virtual asset trading services. Moreover, OSL, a licensed Hong Kong crypto exchange, joined forces with Interactive Brokers in November 2023, enabling the latter to offer bitcoin and ether trading to retail investors through its platform. Further underscoring the evolving regulatory landscape, crypto exchange Bybit submitted a retail trading license application in Hong Kong, indicative of the sector's continued growth and maturity. Nevertheless, navigating the regulatory framework isn't without its challenges. Web3 firms eyeing Hong Kong may need to invest up to $25 million in corporate infrastructure and compliance to secure licensing approval, reflecting the stringent requirements imposed by regulators. As Hong Kong continues to refine its regulatory framework and enhance investor protections, the stage is set for further collaboration between traditional financial institutions and emerging crypto players within the Chinese autonomous territory.