Coinbase Acquires License to Enhance Crypto Operations in Singapore

Financial regulators in Hong Kong are moving towards the presentation of stablecoin legislation following the completion of a consultation process. In February of this year, that consultation process, which received 108 submissions from professional bodies and industry stakeholders, was completed. It was run jointly by The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), culminating in the publication of the results of the process.Photo by Pat Whelen on UnsplashLegislative proposal publishedOff the back of that prior body of work, the regulators have now published a legislative proposal, incorporating responses to issues that were brought to light via the consultation process. The regulators concluded that going forward, stablecoin regulation should be considered primarily in terms of those stablecoin assets which operate on a ledger which runs on a decentralized basis. Additionally, no individual or unilateral entity should have the ability to tamper with or control those assets or the network upon which they exist. On this basis, the regulators intend to submit a bill relative to fiat-referenced stablecoins for consideration to the Legislative Council at a later stage in 2024. Before submitting any legislative proposal, the regulators plan to once again consult with stakeholders prior to finalizing any such proposal. As part of what they have set out thus far, regulators are looking to include a requirement for any stablecoin issuer to obtain a license in Hong Kong.  Reserve asset requirementsThey remain open to the idea that reserve assets backing an issued stablecoin could be held in an overseas jurisdiction. However, if the issuer is an overseas entity, it will be required to establish a local corporate entity in Hong Kong, with relevant management personal based within the Chinese autonomous territory. In light of feedback received during the consultation process, the regulator is looking at reducing the attestation frequency that each stablecoin issuer will be required to provide via an independent auditor in order to verify that the stablecoins issued are backed by the requisite amount of liquid assets.  Such reserve assets must be segregated from the working capital of the stablecoin issuer’s business, with the HKMA expressing a preference for a trust-like structure following input via the consultation process. Furthermore, reserve assets must be deemed to be both high quality and highly liquid, which would include cash, bank deposits and government issued securities where counterparty risk is minimized. On the basis that the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the U.S. dollar, the regulator is content to allow issuers to use USD-denominated reserve assets if they prefer to do so. The legislative proposal also stipulates the need for issuers to have a minimum share capital of HK$25 million or 1% of the value of stablecoin in circulation.  The HKMA foresees crypto exchanges, securities firms and regulated banks having the ability to offer stablecoins to customers, so such offerings won’t be confined to dedicated stablecoin issuers.Back in March the HKMA introduced a stablecoin sandbox with a view towards learning what works best from a regulatory standpoint. It’s understood that a list of participants will be announced in the near future. Participating entities will be able to issue stablecoins in Hong Kong within that controlled sandbox environment, prior to full scale implementation once stablecoin regulation has been fully legislated for.

The Deutsche Bundesbank, Germany’s central bank, has joined Project Guardian, a collaboration established in 2022 between the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the financial sector, with an emphasis on the use of asset tokenization to improve liquidity and efficiency within financial markets.Photo by Rachel Davis on UnsplashAssessing DLT technologyIn a press release published on Nov. 8, Bundesbank Executive Board member Burkhard Balz suggested that the central bank is aligned with MAS in that both central banks are interested in determining “how innovative technologies and concepts, such as distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain, can be put to meaningful use in the financial sector.” In joining Project Guardian, the Bundesbank will take part in the Asset & Wealth Management workstream, testing an interoperable blockchain platform for tokenized and digital funds. While the German central bank has just announced details of its participation in Project Guardian, in a speech given at the Layer One Summit, an event which formed part of the Singapore Fintech Festival last week, MAS Deputy Director Leong Sing Chiong welcomed the Bundesbank, alongside the World Bank, to Project Guardian.  The MAS executive clarified that the Deutsche Bundesbank and the World Bank would join the project’s Policymaker Group. He outlined that the role of that group is to “help provide inputs on governance arrangements, guidance on how GL1 [Global Layer One] infrastructures can be developed in line with global standards, and advice on appropriate regulatory guardrails for tokenised asset transactions.” GL1 refers to an initiative that has been established to create the foundational digital infrastructure to facilitate tokenized assets. Cross-border collaborationThrough its involvement in Project Guardian, the German central bank hopes to strengthen cross-border collaboration, while at the same time, progressing matters related to the “standardisation and interoperability of digital assets.” In working towards the goal of standardization, MAS has published two comprehensive reports covering fixed income tokenization and fund tokenization. MAS believes that the use of too many individual private DLT networks is resulting in fragmentation, with a detrimental effect with regard to liquidity. Consequently, the Singaporean central bank is establishing the Guardian Wholesale Network to improve liquidity and achieve asset tokenization at scale. The network will consist of Citi, Schroders, Standard Chartered, UOB and HSBC. Additionally, it was recently announced that SBI Digital Markets, a Singapore-based affiliate company of Japan’s SBI Digital Asset Holdings (SBI DAH), intends to contribute towards greater liquidity through its involvement in a fixed income asset tokenization pilot. Meanwhile, Citi and Fidelity have developed a proof of concept for a digital foreign exchange (FX) swap, enabled within an on-chain money market fund (MMF).  Tokenization inflection pointLeong went on to claim that while nobody has succeeded yet in implementing tokenization at scale, an inflection point has been reached with regard to the use of tokenization. He added that many use cases are promising relative to tokenization but that there is a need for supporting infrastructure “to enable good use cases to scale beyond individual networks.” In the press release, Leong said that the Bundesbank’s expertise “will be invaluable as we work together to enhance liquidity and efficiency of financial markets through asset tokenisation.”

Upbit Launches Campaign for Recovery of Mistakenly Transferred AssetsUpbit, the cryptocurrency exchange operated by Dunamu, announced on Tuesday (local time) that it is launching a campaign where users can get back the digital assets that they have transferred mistakenly as part of heightened efforts to protect investors and minimize their losses due to such errors.Photo by Luis Villasmil on UnsplashRole of secondary identifiersAmong the virtual assets that Upbit allows users to deposit, some require users to accurately input their unique identifiers — like a Destination Tag (D.tag) or Memo — in order to properly process a deposit. A D.tag or Memo is an additional address used to identify a transaction recipient beyond a wallet address, which is often required when trading altcoins like Ripple (XRP) and Monero (XMR). In the case of XRP, both the exchange address and the D.tag must be entered accurately for deposits to be processed properly.Enhancing investor convenienceHowever, misdirected transfers caused by incorrect or missing secondary deposit addresses occur quite frequently. Many users also remain unaware when their virtual assets have been mistakenly transferred.In response to this issue, Dunamu has organized its latest campaign to make it easier for Upbit users to recover the virtual assets that they mistakenly sent. A user can access the campaign page on the official Upbit website and search for the transaction ID (TXID) of the deposit where the secondary address was either not entered or entered incorrectly. If a matching deposit is found, they can click “Apply for Recovery” to submit a one-on-one inquiry.Previously, users were required to manually enter information such as the name and quantity of the cryptocurrency, as well as the TXID in the one-on-one inquiry. Now, this information is automatically filled in through the TXID search, boosting user convenience.In an effort to encourage campaign participation, Dunamu also said that it will waive all fees for the recovery of mistakenly transferred assets until the end of the year.As of July, the exchange has successfully processed over 99.5% of the total 45,474 recovery requests that it has received over the past five years by leveraging its industry-leading technical expertise.“Upbit will continue its efforts to protect user assets and provide convenient services,” Dunamu said.Global recognitionMeanwhile, Upbit has secured 9th place in the Kaiko Exchange Ranking for the third quarter of 2023, ranking first among Korean exchanges. Kaiko is a crypto market data company with offices in Paris, London, New York, and Singapore.The ranking evaluates exchanges based on the following criteria: governance (30%), security (20%), liquidity (15%), business (15%), technology (10%), and data quality (10%). Upbit earned a score of 76 points.Coming in first overall on the list was Coinbase with 90 points, directly followed by Bitstamp and Kraken with 86 and 82 points, respectively. Among Korean exchanges, Korbit ranked 15th worldwide with 72 points, followed by Bithumb in 17th with 72 points, then Coinone in 27th with 59 points.