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India’s RBI Collaborates Internationally on Digital Rupee PaymentsIndia’s Reserve Bank (RBI) is expanding its exploration of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) by focusing on cross-border functionality, despite its cautious approach to CBDC development.The RBI aims to experiment with various use cases for CBDCs in international payments, as it believes this can enhance the efficiency of cross-border transactions. That’s according to a report which was recently published by local media source, the Economic Times. RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das emphasized the potential benefits of quicker, seamless, and cost-effective cross-border payments. The RBI is actively engaging in dialogue with other central banks that have already implemented or are planning to introduce CBDCs.Photo by rupixen.com on UnsplashUAE collaborationIn collaboration with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the RBI is promoting joint studies on using CBDCs for settling international payments. The partnership is driven by the high volume of remittances between the two countries, a consequence of the large number of Indian migrants in the UAE.These recent developments follow the RBI’s retail and wholesale CBDC pilot programs, which began just seven months ago. Although the retail pilot attracted 50,000 users within 60 days, the RBI remains committed to a gradual and cautious approach to mitigate potential risks.Onboarding one million CBDC usersWhile expanding the pilot program to new cities, the RBI aims to onboard one million CBDC users within the coming weeks, despite the digital rupee currently having a very low circulation level. On the wholesale side, the RBI’s pilot has shown promising results, with the digital rupee being explored for government bond transactions, money market funds, and short-term lending.RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar emphasized the importance of exploring multiple use cases for CBDCs, including account-based CBDCs. The RBI aims to offer as many applications for CBDCs as possible while ensuring the existing National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) and other systems are not disrupted.Global surge in CBDC developmentThe surge in CBDC development worldwide can be attributed to various factors. The imposition of sanctions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine led to a significant increase in wholesale CBDC initiatives as Russia sought alternatives to bypass the sanctions.Additionally, the diminishing use of cash and the rise of dollarization and cryptocurrency adoption in local economies have motivated over 120 central banks to initiate CBDC research. These central banks are attracted by the potential benefits of financial inclusion and the opportunity to address the decline in cash usage.India has been selective in terms of the aspects of digital asset technology it wants to see further developed within its borders. At a recent conference organized by the RBI, a central bank official called on Indian banks to adopt blockchain technology. When it comes to stablecoins, the central bank is apprehensive, warning of associated risks while calling for global regulation.As India’s RBI continues its CBDC exploration, the focus on cross-border functionality underscores the growing recognition of CBDCs as a transformative tool for international payments. The ongoing collaborations and pilots demonstrate India’s level of interest in staying at the forefront of CBDC development while taking measured steps to ensure a secure and efficient transition to digital currency.

Many commentators in the crypto space were pointing to a lowering of interest rates last week by the Federal Reserve in the United States as being a positive development for the pricing of digital assets. However, the introduction of a stimulus package to revive the Chinese economy may also have a role to play. Stimulus packageBloomberg reported on Sept. 24 that People’s Bank of China Governor Pan Gongsheng had cut a key short-term interest rate. Furthermore, the Bank of China governor plans to implement a reduction in the reserve requirements that are applied to the country’s banks. The Reserve Requirement Ration (RRR) will be cut by 50 basis points, which will mean that $142 billion will be freed up for new lending.  Additionally, a package of measures has been introduced to rejuvenate China’s beleaguered real estate market, lowering the borrowing costs related to $5.3 trillion in mortgages.Photo by Eric Prouzet on UnsplashBullish for crypto?Jamie Coutts, chief crypto analyst at financial research platform Real Vision, took to X to comment on the development. Coutts wrote: “The bottom is in for global central bank liquidity for this cycle. Sit back and watch the other CBs fall into line. In a credit-based fiat fractional reserve system, debasement is a feature, not a bug.” Coutts signed off with a “Bitcoin” hashtag, with the inference that the development will have positive implications for Bitcoin. Similarly, market analysts at Singaporean crypto-asset trading firm QCP Capital perceive the move as being bullish for crypto and risk assets more generally. QCP Capital analysts stated: "We believe more easing is coming from the People's Bank of China (PBoC), and they have communicated as much, and combined with the U.S. Federal Reserve joining the global cutting cycle, all major central banks, except Bank of Japan, are now ready to inject more liquidity into the market. The macro space continues to look more and more bullish for risk assets, including crypto."  Taking that consideration further, the QCP Capital analysts suggest that market participants in the crypto space may be caught off guard by a resultant uptick in crypto pricing, stating: "We know how explosive crypto prices can be, and with so many bullish catalysts, we think the next move higher will leave many people surprised and sidelined.” Fed rate cutsMany market commentators were similarly enthused last week following an announcement in the U.S. by Jerome Powell, Federal Reserve Chairman, of a 50 basis point rate cut, with the suggestion that further cuts may be implemented going forward. However, not all market pundits are of the same view. Some believe that small interest rate cuts occurring in an overall high rates environment won’t move the needle and that it’s only in a zero rates environment where Bitcoin and crypto skyrocket.  Arthur Hayes, co-founder of BitMEX and Chief Investment Officer (CIO) at the Maelstrom Fund, asserted in his keynote speech at TOKEN2049 in Singapore last week that he wasn’t enthusiastic about rate cuts driving crypto.  “While I think a lot of people are looking forward to a rate cut, meaning that they think the stock market and other things are going to pump up the jam, I think the markets are going to collapse a few days after the Fed’s rates,” he stated. Markets didn’t collapse subsequently although it seems that they are responding to this latest monetary stimulus introduced by China.

UAE Issues New Guidance on Crypto AML MeasuresUnder new guidance issued by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), crypto businesses will be subject to strengthened anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) measures.Photo by Joshua Miranda on PexelsTightening AML regulationThe guidance, first compiled in February but released on Wednesday, which takes into account the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), has been introduced to enhance the supervisory and regulatory frameworks and combat financial crimes. The rules are set to come into effect within a month.The Central Bank’s guidance specifically targets Licensed Financial Institutions (LFIs) in the UAE, encompassing banks, finance companies, exchange houses, payment service providers, registered hawala providers, insurance companies, agents, and brokers. These entities will now be required to comply with the new regulations to prevent money laundering and terrorism financing activities.Firm foundationsIn a written statement, His Excellency Khaled Mohamed Balama, Governor of the UAEs Central Bank, expressed the importance of the new guidance in strengthening efforts to combat financial crimes. He emphasized the commitment to protecting the financial and monetary system’s soundness and stability, aligning with the FATF standards.The issuance of the guidance comes as the UAE aims to attract crypto businesses to the region by offering a welcoming but effective regulatory framework. In March, Dubai unveiled a dedicated agency responsible for virtual asset regulation, signaling its commitment to fostering a favorable environment for crypto-related activities. Its Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) has also taken action against what it deems to be unregulated activity in the crypto space recently.That action together with the approaches taken by Abu Dhabi and at a national level the UAE itself with respect to digital asset licensing is indicative of a territory that is setting out the right foundation upon which to develop the innovative sector. The approach taken by regulators in the UAE has garnered praise from major crypto firms, including Coinbase, who have applauded the region’s proactive stance on regulation.The strengthened regulatory framework is expected to contribute significantly to the UAE’s ongoing efforts to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism. By implementing these measures, the UAE aims to safeguard the integrity and stability of its financial and monetary systems while fostering a secure environment for crypto businesses to thrive.Global regulatory effortsThe UAE’s AML guidance comes amid ongoing efforts globally to come to terms with virtual assets. Tomorrow Japan will implement its adherence to the FATF travel rule regulation relative to digital assets. Crypto businesses like bitFlyer are already adjusting to that eventuality, while also implementing a similar standard in international markets.As the UAE continues to position itself as a leading hub for the crypto industry, the introduction of these new AML rules demonstrates its proactive approach to regulation. The collaboration between the Central Bank and other global regulatory bodies, such as the FATF, showcases the UAE’s commitment to international cooperation and the sharing of knowledge and best practices in the ever-evolving crypto landscape.