Top

South Korean FSC updates definition of virtual assets and VASP regulations for Virtual Asset User…

Policy & Regulation·December 11, 2023, 7:32 AM

The South Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) on Monday (local time) published a new enforcement decree and supervisory regulations for the Virtual Asset User Protection Act, under which non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and deposit tokens are excluded from the definition of virtual assets. The act serves to protect customer assets, prevent unfair trading practices, and enforce penalties.

“The enforcement decree and supervisory regulations provide detailed standards and methods to safeguard users’ assets and establish stability in the market,” the FSC said.

Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on Unsplash

 

Defining virtual assets

The agency explained that it decided to exclude NFTs because they are mainly bought and sold for collection purposes, posing low risks to holders and the financial system. However, NFTs that can be used as a means of payment for purchasing certain goods and services are considered virtual assets. On the other hand, deposit tokens — which will be managed by the Bank of Korea’s central bank digital currency network — are regarded as a legitimate form of monetary deposit and are subject to relevant regulations instead of the User Protection Act. Other “electronic certificates of economic value,” such as mobile vouchers and electronic bonds, are also excluded from the definition of virtual assets.

 

Enhancing security and transparency

Following the clarified definition of virtual assets, the updated regulations underline conduct measures that virtual asset service providers (VASPs) must comply with. For example, VASPs must calculate the total value of their customers’ crypto assets every month and store at least 80% in a cold wallet to prevent infringements like hacks — a boost from the current 70 percent. Cold wallets are deemed more secure than hot wallets because they keep crypto keys offline instead of staying connected to the internet.

VASPs are also not allowed to arbitrarily block deposits and withdrawals of user assets without prior notice and a justifiable reason like internal system failure or hacks as well as requests from courts, investigative bodies, the National Tax Service and financial authorities. User deposits must be stored in banks, which can invest them only in safe assets such as government bonds.

The act is set to take effect on July 19 next year after a legislative review scheduled for next month.

More to Read
View All
Policy & Regulation·

Apr 07, 2025

Former Binance CEO advising Kyrgyzstan on blockchain & crypto

Binance co-founder and former CEO, Changpeng Zhao (CZ), has partnered with the authorities in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan to provide advice on crypto regulation and the development and adoption of blockchain technology. It’s understood that CZ has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to this effect with the National Investments Authority (NIA), a state authority that falls under the direction of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. The NIA promotes foreign direct investment, assisting foreign companies in developing business opportunities within Kyrgyzstan. Photo by Abai K on UnsplashCrypto & blockchain ecosystem developmentIn a statement published on X on April 3 by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Sadyr Zhaparov, the president outlined that in accordance with the MOU, the parties will cooperate on the development of the crypto and blockchain ecosystem. Breaking that down further, the president said that this cooperation will involve the provision of technical, infrastructural and technological support and expertise. Additionally, it will involve collaboration towards the implementation of related educational initiatives. Zhaparov added: “This cooperation marks an important step towards strengthening technological infrastructure, implementing innovative solutions, and preparing highly qualified specialists in blockchain technologies, virtual asset management, and cybersecurity. In light of the rapid global evolution of digital technologies, such initiatives are crucial for the sustainable growth of the economy and the security of virtual assets, ultimately generating new opportunities for businesses and society as a whole.” ‘Crypto adoption one country at a time’CZ reacted to this X post by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, stating: “Kyrgyzstan. Crypto adoption, one country at a time.” He also remarked that this event had brought Zhaparov to X, given that this was his first post on the platform, with an account registered last month. Steve Milton, co-founder and CEO of Web3 wallet project Fintopio and a former Binance marketing executive, commented on the development. Milton stated that Kyrgyzstan is a forward-thinking country, while interpreting CZ's involvement as a step that will help move adoption forward. Additional advisory activityIn another X post, CZ provided details on his advisory activity. He stated: “I officially and unofficially advise a few governments on their crypto regulatory frameworks and blockchain solutions for gov efficiency, expanding blockchain to more than trading. I find this work extremely meaningful.” Reports emerged in January that Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim had discussed digital finance policy matters with CZ. The Binance co-founder said that those discussions revolved around digital asset regulation and risks related to such assets. Furthermore, cross-border collaborations and collaborations between industries were discussed. In December CZ met with the King of Bhutan. Prior to that visit, he posted a link to an article on X that outlined that the Kingdom of Bhutan has accumulated in excess of $1 billion in Bitcoin. At that time, the Binance co-founder said that many nation states will use Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as reserve assets. In the past, commentators have identified Kyrgyzstan as having considerable potential for crypto mining, given ample hydroelectric generation within the mountainous country. However, crypto mining tax receipts as of the end of last year suggest that crypto mining still remains a niche activity in the Kyrgyz Republic.

news
Policy & Regulation·

Mar 18, 2026

Japan moves to curb unregistered crypto operators amid speculative concerns

Japan’s Financial Services Agency (FSA) is moving to tighten penalties and enforcement against unregistered cryptocurrency operators, Nada News reported, citing the Nikkei newspaper.Photo by Traxer on UnsplashTo bolster investor protection amid a rise in issues related to highly speculative memecoins, the FSA plans to submit legislative amendments to an upcoming extraordinary Diet session. The revisions will transfer crypto asset regulations from the Payment Services Act to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act.  Under the new framework, criminal penalties for operating an unregistered crypto exchange or soliciting over-the-counter derivatives will increase dramatically. Offenders will face up to 10 years in prison or fines of up to 10 million yen ($63,000), or both, marking a sharp increase from the current maximum penalties of three years’ imprisonment or 3 million yen in fines. Regulatory oversight will also expand. The Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission will gain the authority to pursue criminal investigations—allowing for on-site inspections and evidence seizures—replacing the current reliance on warning letters and civil injunctions. Additionally, the official legal designation for compliant businesses will change from “cryptoasset exchange service providers” to “cryptoasset trading service providers.” Binance to launch Japan equities USDT perpWhile Japanese regulators focus on ring-fencing domestic investors from unregulated digital assets, global crypto platforms are expanding their offerings tied to the country's traditional financial markets. Illustrating this trend, Binance announced it will launch a USDⓈ-M perpetual contract for EWJUSDT, which tracks the iShares MSCI Japan ETF, on March 19 at 13:30 UTC. The BlackRock-managed ETF provides exposure to large- and mid-cap Japanese equities. This blurring of the lines between traditional Japanese equities and crypto derivatives underscores a wider transformation within the digital asset ecosystem. Beyond trading, blockchain-based assets are increasingly serving as core financial infrastructure, a trend reflected in the growth of the stablecoin sector. Stablecoin market hits $300BAccording to an XWIN Research Japan post on CryptoQuant, on-chain data shows active addresses using ERC-20 stablecoins are surging. Backed by a roughly $300 billion market capitalization dominated by USDT and USDC, stablecoins are gaining ground as a foundational layer of the global economy. XWIN Research Japan outlined how these assets are tailored to distinct regional needs: functioning as digital dollars in high-inflation economies like Nigeria, facilitating remittances in India and the Philippines, and providing institutional liquidity in the U.S.  Supported by its own shifting regulatory landscape, Japan is also gaining traction in this stablecoin space. Yen-pegged stablecoins like JPYC are emerging as practical payment tools designed to bridge traditional Japanese finance with global blockchain networks. JPYC Inc., the issuer of the JPYC stablecoin, recently raised 1.78 billion yen ($11.9 million) in Series B funding led by Asteria and partnered with LINE NEXT to integrate its stablecoin into a wallet based on the LINE Messenger platform. 

news
Web3 & Enterprise·

Dec 12, 2023

Google Cloud becomes a Volunteer Validator for gaming blockchain XPLA

Google Cloud becomes a Volunteer Validator for gaming blockchain XPLAXPLA, a gaming blockchain guided by Korean cultural content company Com2uS Holdings, revealed in a blog post on Tuesday (local time) that Google Cloud has joined as a validator for its blockchain network.Through their collaboration, Google Cloud will take on the role of the first Volunteer Validator for the XPLA blockchain. This partnership enhances the network’s security and governance, as validators are responsible for maintaining the integrity of a blockchain network by validating and relaying transactions.Photo by engin akyurt on UnsplashLayer-1 mainnetXPLA is a layer-1 mainnet that features a diverse group of network participants from the Web3 space. This includes notable enterprises such as Oasys, Animoca Brands, Yield Guild Games (YGG), Blockdaemon, gumi and LayerZero, all contributing to the ecosystem.Commenting on this initiative, Jack Buser, Google Cloud’s director of game industry solutions, said, “We are pleased to take on a role as a Volunteer Validator for the XPLA ecosystem.” According to South Korean news outlet Etoday, Buser expected that the cloud computing services provider’s robust infrastructure will contribute to driving rapid growth and fostering innovation within the realm of Web3 gaming.Better Web3 experiencesPaul Kim, Leader of the XPLA team, echoed similar sentiments as he welcomed Google Cloud’s participation in their project. He mentioned their shared aim to deliver innovative and appealing Web3 experiences to gamers worldwide within a transparent Web3 ecosystem. Kim said, “Through this collaboration, XPLA can secure advanced IT technology and insights into future industries.”

news
Loading