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Kuwait Implements Full Ban on Crypto ActivitiesIn a significant move to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, Kuwait has taken a decisive step by announcing a complete ban on all crypto-related activities.Photo by Jan Dommerholt on Unsplash“No legal status”According to a circular issued by the Capital Markets Authority (CMA), Kuwait’s top financial regulator, earlier this week, cryptocurrencies are deemed to have “no legal status” and lack the support of any government or any asset. As a result, the prices of these digital assets are vulnerable to speculative swings, exposing investors to potential substantial losses. Consequently, the CMA asserts that engaging in crypto activities can lead to adverse consequences and financial risks for individuals and businesses alike.The ban extends beyond trading and mining. It also prohibits public companies from offering any cryptocurrency-related services. The CMA emphasized that it has never granted approval for crypto services in the past, and this outright ban reinforces the country’s commitment to curbing illicit financial activities facilitated by cryptocurrencies.Aligning with FATFThe decision comes in the wake of Kuwait’s determination to align with the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) global requirements for handling crypto assets. The country is attempting to demonstrate its compliance with international anti-money laundering guidelines by clamping down on digital assets.Kuwait’s approach towards cryptocurrencies diverges significantly from other Gulf states that have embraced the nascent industry with more openness. The likes of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain have previously engaged with crypto assets in various ways.For example, Bahrain granted approval to global crypto exchange platform Binance to provide digital asset services within the country. It’s keen to embrace digital assets as it pivots away from an oil-based economy. The Kingdom recently welcomed plans by Singapore-based private equity firm Whampoa Group to establish a crypto-friendly digital bank there.Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund has also invested in several US-based venture capital funds which are focused on crypto and blockchain technologies.Dubai, in particular, has been actively working on establishing a regulatory framework for digital assets, aiming to position itself as a digital hub in the region. The UAE as a whole has recognized crypto assets as securities for several years, fostering a favorable environment for crypto businesses.CriticismNews of the ban also provoked criticism, including commentary from Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Officer with the Human Rights Foundation. Gladstein, taking to Twitter, stated: “ Not surprising. I expect all authoritarian regimes (especially gulf tyrannies like the UAE and Saudi Arabia) to follow in Kuwait’s footsteps and eventually pass severe restrictions on citizen use of Bitcoin.” While the UAE trends in the opposite direction, Gladstein is not optimistic about the free use of decentralized cryptocurrencies in the UAE over the longer term.As the global crypto landscape continues to evolve, each country in the Gulf region is adopting unique approaches to address the opportunities and challenges posed by digital assets. While there may be opposition to the technology, decentralized digital assets will benefit from jurisdictional arbitrage in efforts to get this innovation rolled out for the benefit of ordinary people around the world.

A number of reports published by local Russian media in recent days suggest that the Russian authorities are implementing taxation and regional controls on cryptocurrency mining.Photo by Michael Parulava on UnsplashRegional mining banA report published by the Moscow Times on Nov. 19 suggests that Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister, Alexander Novak, has led a government commission that plans to implement a ban on cryptocurrency mining in specific Russian regions.  The authorities have been motivated in enacting such a ban in order to combat power shortages. With that, a ban is being implemented on a temporary basis during the heating season. The restrictions will apply to miners located within six regions within the North Caucasus, as well as the Zabaikalsky region in Siberia and territories now controlled by Russia in Ukraine. The ban will apply from December through to mid-March 2025, with this seasonal restriction to be applied subsequently each winter until 2031. Back in August, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed into law legislation which legitimized cryptocurrency mining within the Russian Federation. That law recognized mining activities and the concepts of mining pools and mining infrastructure operators. The legislation requires mining operators to register with the government. Individual miners can mine without registering so long as they stay within specified energy-use limits. Earlier this month, the authorities set a power consumption limit of 6,000 kWh per month for those unregistered miners.  The legislation also recognized the ability of stakeholders to trade in foreign digital assets on Russian blockchain platforms, with Russia’s central bank, the Bank of Russia, retaining the ability to ban specific digital assets from being traded if such trading is deemed to be a threat to Russia’s financial stability. 15% tax proposalEarlier this week Russia’s Interfax news agency reported that the Russian government had approved draft amendments to a bill concerned with the purchase and sale of digital currencies relative to crypto mining activity.  According to those proposed legislative amendments, digital assets will be classified as property from a taxation perspective. Income derived from mining activities will be assessed in terms of taxation based on market value at the time of receipt of the asset. The legislative amendments propose a 15% tax rate for cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, crypto transactions will not be subjected to value-added tax (VAT). However, income derived from such transactions will be taxable in the same way as income from transactions involving securities. Crypto mining operators will be permitted to deduct operating expenses from their taxable income. Russia’s Finance Ministry is understood to have clarified that the taxation approach would strike a balance between Russian government interests and those of commercial operators. With the introduction of legislation to recognize cryptocurrency mining activity earlier this year, Ki Young Ju, CEO of on-chain and market data analytics firm CryptoQuant, noted the country’s growing involvement and national-level engagement with digital assets. The coming months will determine if these latest crypto mining restrictions will dampen the level of involvement of Russia-based crypto miners.

In the face of a crypto trading ban imposed in 2021, the cryptocurrency market in China continues to thrive, defying the odds, according to a recent report from Kyros Ventures. Regional survey and reportThe Vietnam-based blockchain-focused startup incubator and venture capital firm has presented its report findings, shedding light on the unique dynamics of the Chinese crypto landscape compared to neighboring countries such as South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan and Thailand. The survey was conducted in December in collaboration with 10 media agencies across the region, involving over 5,000 participants to gauge their sentiments and investment patterns.Photo by Road Trip with Raj on UnsplashGreater crypto interestMore than 70% of respondents revealed that cryptocurrencies accounted for over half of their asset portfolios. Among survey respondents in China, 88.9% reported heavy investments in cryptocurrencies, surpassing the enthusiasm observed in Vietnam, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. The finding is surprising, given that cryptocurrency trading is prohibited in China, while in the other jurisdictions the same level of restrictions is not in place. China's crypto scene faces substantial regulatory hurdles, with a government ban on crypto trading implemented in 2021. Despite this, the report highlights that a majority of Chinese investors opt for centralized crypto exchanges (CEXs) for their trading activities. Arthur Hayes, the founder of crypto derivatives platform BitMEX, recently outlined that wealthy individuals in China have access to international banking, and with that, access to overseas cryptocurrency platforms through the Chinese autonomous territory of Hong Kong. An investigative report produced by the Wall Street Journal in 2023 found that leading global crypto exchange Binance continues to have a thriving business relative to its Chinese user base. The Chinese authorities appear to be aware that the crypto trading prohibition that has been applied by the government is being flouted. This is demonstrated by the fact that the government is looking to update its anti-money laundering rules for the first time in 17 years to account for the rise in cryptocurrency investment, trading and use. Higher risk appetiteNotably, 33.3% of Chinese investors indicated an allocation to stablecoins. That is indicative of a greater risk appetite in China by comparison with countries like South Korea and Vietnam where 43% and 59% of respondents had money allocated in risk-off stablecoin positions. In terms of investment by referral, Thailand and China emerged with the highest rates, reaching up to 80%. Previous research carried out by Kyros earlier in 2023 highlighted the significance of crypto investment via referrals within the Vietnamese market. Developing regional regulatory landscapeThe regulatory landscape in Asia witnessed significant developments in 2023, with Hong Kong emerging as a leading hub for crypto and Web3 innovation. The issuance of cryptocurrency exchange licenses in Hong Kong marked a pivotal moment for the industry in the region. In South Korea, new legislation aimed at protecting cryptocurrency users, enhancing transaction transparency and fostering market discipline was enacted. Meanwhile, Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission explored the possibility of allowing crypto exchange-traded funds, pending a thorough analysis of the product's development in global markets.