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Taiwanese authorities have unveiled plans to criminalize cryptocurrency firms failing to comply with anti-money laundering (AML) regulations. The Ministry of Justice has proposed amendments to existing laws, mandating both domestic and overseas crypto entities operating in Taiwan to register for AML compliance. Non-compliance could result in imprisonment for up to two years, according to Deputy Minister of Justice Huang Mou-hsin.Photo by Jack Brind on UnsplashStricter enforcement measuresCurrently, authorities can only impose administrative penalties on non-compliant crypto firms. However, with the proposed amendments, such violations would be deemed criminal offenses, potentially leading to prison sentences. Overseas crypto platforms would be required to establish local entities and apply for AML registration to avoid criminal penalties. Regulatory landscape and industry responseSince July 2021, Taiwan has mandated cryptocurrency service providers to adhere to AML laws introduced by the Financial Supervisory Commission. However, the crypto industry largely remains unregulated. Proposed amendments also aim to incorporate cryptocurrencies into existing AML laws, stipulating penalties of six months to five years in prison and fines of up to NT$50 million ($1.5 million) for money laundering using cryptocurrency. The amendments are set to undergo review by Taiwan's national parliament, the Legislative Yuan. Concurrently, Taiwan's crypto sector is in the process of forming an industry association, with the Ministry of the Interior approving the application in March. By establishing this association, crypto firms aim to develop self-supervisory rules aligned with FSC guidelines, with a deadline set for the end of June to finalize preparations and officially establish the association. 

A recent survey in South Korea found that 20.3% of crypto investors have fallen victim to financial losses. Conducted by the Korea Financial Consumers Protection Foundation in late December, the survey polled 2,500 adults aged 19-69, with respondents able to select multiple loss categories. Investors in their 60s were most vulnerable, reporting a 25.3% loss rate. Exchange-related problems constituted the majority of incidents (72.8%), followed by online chat room scams (44.7%) and investment fraud (35.5%).Photo by Growtika on UnsplashExchange failures lead lossesAmong exchange-related losses, 40.6% of users couldn't sell assets due to system failures, while 11.5% lost digital assets through exchange hacking. Overall, exchange technical issues accounted for 52.1% of reported losses, with another 20.7% losing assets when exchanges closed completely. Chat group scam victims experienced various forms of fraud: 23.2% paid for worthless or false information, while 21.5% suffered financial losses through market manipulation or proxy trading schemes. Investment scams included fake crypto projects or fraudulent firms (18.0%), deceptive exchanges (10.3%), and other scams (7.2%). Most victims (75.1%) reported losses under 10 million won (approximately $6,945), with 34.6% losing less than 1 million won. Due to these relatively small amounts, 67.7% took no action following their losses. Of the 32.3% who sought help through various channels, 73.9% were unable to fully recover their funds. Problem worsening across Asia and beyondThis problem extends beyond South Korea. In neighboring Japan, police reported 19,038 crypto fraud cases in 2023, with damages totaling 45.26 billion yen (about $300 million), according to Chainalysis, citing Japanese National Police Agency data. These figures surpass 2022 numbers, indicating continued growth in fraudulent activities. A recent case highlighted by the Fukushima Minyu Shimbun involved a Soma City woman in her 50s who lost approximately 116.6 million yen ($780,000) to scammers impersonating police officers. The fraud began with a fake customer service call, followed by deceptive claims about fraudulent accounts and threats of arrest, which led her to create cryptocurrency accounts and transfer funds before eventually reporting the scam. Elderly at highest risk as fraud surgesThe FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center's 2024 report further confirms this trend, documenting 149,686 crypto fraud complaints in the U.S. with $9.3 billion in reported losses—66% higher than in 2023. Notably, people over 60 were the most affected demographic, consistent with the Korean study's findings.

Japan plans to require cryptocurrency exchanges to maintain reserves to cover potential losses from hacking incidents, according to a Nov. 24 Nikkei report cited by local outlet New Economy. The measure is designed to ensure that service providers can compensate users in the event of a breach. Authorities are expected to set the reserve level after reviewing past hacking cases and examining how much traditional securities firms set aside. While crypto exchanges are currently required to store customer assets in cold wallets, they are not obligated to maintain any dedicated pool of funds for compensating losses, and the proposed framework is intended to close that gap.Photo by Jen Titus on UnsplashReserve rules mirroring brokerage standardsThe Financial System Council, which operates under the Financial Services Agency (FSA), will finalize a report on the proposal and draft a bill for submission to next year’s regular Diet session. The legislation would amend the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA). The FSA is turning to the FIEA because the reserve framework is modeled on existing rules for securities companies, which must maintain designated reserves to compensate clients for losses stemming from errors or other improper activities. These measures follow earlier reports that similar requirements are being considered for third-party custody providers that hold crypto assets on behalf of exchanges. These external custodians have not been directly overseen, but the FSA now plans to require them to report their activities in advance. The push to reinforce customer protections comes as Japan’s crypto market continues to expand. In a sign of that growth, mobile payment platform PayPay last week enabled transfers between PayPay Money balances and Binance Japan. The new feature allows deposits from 1,000 yen, with limits of 1 million yen per 24 hours and 2 million yen per 30 days. Until now, funding or withdrawing from Binance Japan’s spot trading services was limited to yen bank transfers or transactions through external exchanges and wallets. Accumulation grows amid market pullbackJapanese companies have also continued to accumulate Bitcoin. According to Decrypt, Metaplanet, a former hotel operator that now positions itself as a Bitcoin treasury firm, said on Nov. 25 that it plans to use its Bitcoin holdings as collateral for a $130 million loan to purchase additional Bitcoin. The Tokyo Stock Exchange-listed firm currently holds 30,823 BTC and aims to expand its position to 210,000 BTC by 2027. Another publicly traded company, nail-salon operator Convano, has taken a similar approach, recently adding 97.67 BTC to bring its total to 762.67 BTC, according to BitcoinTreasuries.NET. This accumulation has continued despite Bitcoin’s recent decline. The cryptocurrency has fallen nearly 20% over the past month and is now trading just below $92,000. Citing analysis from 10x Research CEO Markus Thielen and Nansen research analyst Nicolai Søndergaard, Yonhap Infomax pointed to several factors behind the pullback. Thielen highlighted $3.5 billion in outflows from spot Bitcoin ETFs this month and roughly $800 million in stablecoins leaving the market. Søndergaard noted that long-term holders have been selling, adding that such activity has historically appeared early in Bitcoin’s four-year market cycle. Bitcoin’s most recent halving occurred on April 20, 2024, roughly 19 months ago. Market watches upcoming policy movesFrom a broader macro perspective, Reuters reported that the Bank of Japan (BOJ) could raise interest rates as early as next month amid pressure from a weakening yen. The timing remains uncertain, with the decision seen as hinging in part on the U.S. Federal Reserve, which sets policy one week before the BOJ. According to CME Group’s FedWatch Tool, markets currently assign an 84.9% chance of a 25-basis-point Fed rate cut in December. A Fed hold or a more hawkish tone could lift the dollar, further weaken the yen, and increase pressure on the BOJ to act sooner. A Fed cut, by contrast, could ease that pressure but raise questions about the U.S. outlook and the trajectory of future BOJ hikes. Monetary decisions in the coming weeks are expected to influence crypto markets, as lower interest rates generally support demand for risk assets such as Bitcoin. With both the Fed and the BOJ poised to set policy in December, market participants are watching for how shifts in liquidity and currency moves could shape the next phase of digital asset prices.