e-CNY Payments Enabled for Hong Kong Visitors From Mainland China

Japan's Financial Services Agency (FSA) is proposing new legislation in an effort to prevent the assets of Japanese investors held on crypto exchanges from being transferred overseas. According to local news outlet Jiji Press, the Japanese regulator recently put forward the idea of drafting such a bill. It’s thought that the move suggests that the Japanese regulators have learned from the collapses of cryptocurrency exchanges Mt. Gox and FTX. Photo by Jaison Lin on UnsplashLearning from past failuresWhile Japan already had a higher standard of regulation in place prior to the FTX collapse, likely as a consequence of the authorities having experienced the downfall of Mt. Gox in February 2014, there is still room for improvement.  While funds had been ring-fenced for FTX Japan users, those who accessed services advertised in Japan through the FTX app were deemed to have been accessing a service which fell under an international jurisdiction, denying them the same protections otherwise offered to FTX Japan platform users as a consequence of the regulations that had been put in place. Incorporating a holding orderJapanese media outlet Nikkei described this latest move by the Japanese FSA as follows: “The Financial Services Agency is moving towards creating a new ‘holding order’ in the Payment Services Act, which regulates cryptocurrency exchanges, that will order them not to take domestic assets entrusted to them by customers overseas.” Consequently, the regulator is looking to add this as the latest proposed amendment to the Payment Services Act. Back in September it emerged that amendments to that existing legislation were being looked at with a view towards making it easier for businesses to incorporate digital assets into their service offerings. The regulator has also been mulling over the reclassification of crypto as a financial instrument by amending the Payment Services Act accordingly. Additionally, a more generous tax policy is being proposed. Currently, the Japanese authorities impose a tax rate of up to 55% on cryptocurrency-related revenues. Corporate holders of digital assets have to apply a 30% tax rate, irrespective of income or profits. With that, a 20% tax rate is being considered. The matter became a political issue prior to the East Asian nation’s recent elections, with the leader of the Democratic Party for the People (DPP) backing the application of a 20% crypto tax rate. The application of a holding order has applied previously to companies that have been registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. This proposed amendment would see it applied to virtual asset trading platforms as part of the Payment Services Act. Guarding against bankruptcy lossesIf applied, the amendment would prevent loss of Japanese investor funds in circumstances where a crypto exchange platform goes into bankruptcy. Legal precedent set in the FTX bankruptcy in the United States means that if a user’s funds go into a non-individually segregated hot wallet belonging to an exchange, any property rights, even if explicitly outlined in the terms of service, are lost.  A company can make a case to go into bankruptcy in any international jurisdiction, which means that this precedent has potential implications for all market participants. The proposed amendment from the Japanese FSA would serve to protect investors from such an eventuality.

Parachain Fork Sees Transition to Enjin BlockchainEnjin, a Singapore-headquartered non-fungible token (NFT) platform, has announced its transition to a new mainnet named Enjin Blockchain, with the goal of further advancing Web3 adoption. As part of this transition, Enjin has forked its Polkadot parachain, Efinity, to the new blockchain.The project made the announcement via a blog post published to its website on Thursday.Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashIntegrated functionalityAccording to the team at Enjin, the Enjin Blockchain distinguishes itself from other blockchain solutions by integrating functions such as NFT creation and transfer directly into the foundational code of the blockchain, eliminating the reliance on smart contracts. This integration aims to streamline and simplify the process of creating and transferring NFTs.In addition to this fundamental change, the Enjin Blockchain introduces several new features. One notable feature is “Fuel Tanks,” which enables developers to subsidize user transaction fees, making it more cost-effective for users to interact with the blockchain. Another feature is “Discrete Accounts,” which allows users to engage with blockchain-based projects without the need to download specific wallet software.Fork to Efinity MatrixchainAlongside the transition to the Enjin Blockchain, the team has also forked Efinity, the Polkadot parachain, to the new mainnet. This rebranded version will be known as the Efinity Matrixchain and will facilitate a smooth transition for existing users.Witek Radomski, the Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Enjin, emphasized that the launch of the Enjin Blockchain aims to support creativity by making the creation and distribution of NFTs more accessible and affordable. Radomski stated: “Enjin Blockchain makes the creation and mass distribution of NFTs affordable and accessible to everyone. Our aim is nothing short of revolutionizing gaming, ownership, and online identity.”Enjin’s chief financial officer, Oscar Franklin Tan, expressed his belief that NFTs and digital ownership will be pivotal in the future of gaming, particularly with advancements in artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality. Tan emphasized Enjin’s commitment to supporting this next wave of gaming and the resulting “explosion of content.”Enjin believes that it sets itself apart from the competition due to the fact that it’s built on top of the open-source Substrate framework, a mechanism that facilitates the development of customized blockchains that may be run on an entirely autonomous basis.Using this unique approach, Enjin Blockchain doesn’t depend upon the use of smart contracts. Instead, critical functions such as creating, using, and transferring NFTs are integrated directly into the core, foundational blockchain code.NFT lending stabilityIn related news, the stability of NFT lending has been aided by the use of blue-chip collateral. Paraspace, an NFT protocol, recently reported that despite facilitating NFT loans totaling over $280 million, it experienced no bad debt and only 16 NFT liquidations. This success can be attributed to the protocol’s requirement that only blue-chip NFTs can be used as collateral, ensuring the value and stability of the assets involved.As Enjin embraces its new mainnet and the Efinity Matrixchain, the platform positions itself as a key player in the evolving NFT and blockchain landscape. With a focus on accessibility, affordability, and the support of creative endeavors, Enjin aims to drive innovation in gaming, ownership, and online identity.

In a major crackdown, the Chengdu Public Security Bureau announced on May 15 the dismantling of an extensive underground banking network, resulting in the arrest of 193 suspects across China in an operation that unveiled illegal businesses using the U.S. dollar stablecoin, Tether (USDT).Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashUnauthorized foreign exchange settlements These activities involved illicit transactions amounting to approximately 13.8 billion yuan ($1.9 billion). The investigation began in November 2022 when authorities detected suspicious activities involving underground banks in Chengdu’s Longquanyi district. In response, a specialized task force was formed, integrating experts from various police departments, including economic investigation, cyber security and legal affairs. This team uncovered unauthorized foreign exchange settlements that bypassed national regulations. On June 1 of last year, acting on instructions received from the Ministry of Public Security, the task force conducted coordinated raids in several major cities, such as Shanghai and Shenzhen. These efforts led to the capture of key figures in the criminal syndicate, involving the arrest of 25 suspects. Law enforcement seized numerous bank cards, payment instructions and other digital payment instruments tied to the illegal operations during these raids. A broader investigation across 26 provinces has resulted in 193 suspects being arrested. Using USDT to evade regulationFurther investigations revealed that since January 2021, the syndicate exploited its import and export business to facilitate illegal activities. By using USDT as a medium, they bypassed official foreign exchange channels to service clients needing to transfer funds internationally. Moreover, these operations were intricately linked to other illicit activities, including financial fraud and smuggling. In a related development, on May 13, BeInCrypto reported that the Chinese government arrested six individuals responsible for illicit crypto transactions worth $295 million. These arrests highlight the challenges and risks associated with cryptocurrency in unregulated environments. Additionally, the Hong Kong police recently apprehended three men at a currency exchange shop following a deceptive transaction involving Tether’s USDT. The suspects allegedly showed a customer ceremonial "hell money" before deceitfully persuading him to transfer about $128,073 worth of USDT, only to refuse the agreed-upon cash exchange afterward.  According to the South China Morning Post (SCMP), hell banknotes are a form of ceremonial paper money burned as an offering to ancestors or deities in traditional Chinese culture. Late last year, USDT was used by a gang of gold smugglers in Nepal, who received $16 million in the Tether stablecoin in exchange for the precious metal. A joint investigation carried out by the authorities in Nepal and China led to the arrest of two Chinese and 13 Nepalese nationals in connection with the illicit activity. Over the course of the weekend, it emerged that two Chinese nationals had been charged by the authorities in the United States with money laundering through Bahamas-based Deltec Bank. Deltec acts as the primary banker for Tether, prompting longstanding Tether critics to suggest illicit activity relative to the stablecoin issuer’s dealings with the bank. This series of arrests and discoveries underscores the ongoing efforts of Chinese authorities to clamp down on illegal cryptocurrency activities. The activity also poses problems for Tether in its efforts to maintain compliance and stamp out illicit use in the face of ever-increasing regulatory scrutiny worldwide.