Japan’s FSA Joins Project Guardian of Singapore’s MAS to Explore Digital Asset Applications

Mercari, one of Japan's leading e-commerce platforms, has declared its intention to accept bitcoin payments starting from June of this year. The decision, which was reported by Japanese financial media outlet Nikkei on Friday, outlines that the processing of bitcoin payments will be managed through Mercari's Tokyo-based crypto subsidiary, Melcoin.Photo by Dmytro Demidko on UnsplashSeamless BTC conversionIt's noteworthy that Melcoin will convert all BTC payments into yen, ensuring vendors receive fiat currency despite the buyer's choice of bitcoin for payment. While the company won't display prices in bitcoin, listing items for sale in fiat yen, customers will have the option to select BTC as a payment method during the purchase process on the platform. In recent months, Mercari has introduced various crypto-related products, including the Mercari bitcoin crypto trading service. This service allows users to buy and sell bitcoin using the proceeds from their sales on the platform. The integration of a loyalty points system further enhances the crypto trading experience, enabling Mercari users to exchange their points for bitcoin. Remarkably, Mercari announced that its bitcoin trading service surpassed the 1 million user milestone in October, just seven months after its launch. At the time of the launch of the trading service, the company outlined that it would “make bitcoin more accessible to people who have never tried crypto trading before.” Notably, around 80% of the crypto users on Mercari had no prior experience with crypto-asset trading in June of the previous year. Expanding its crypto-related offering to include bitcoin payments unleashes much more potential relative to crypto adoption. 22 million monthly usersEstablished in 2013, Mercari has evolved into Japan's largest community marketplace platform, boasting 22 million monthly users as of July 2023. It’s a flea market application, making it a consumer-to-consumer platform that could play a significant role in bringing about bitcoin adoption in Japan among ordinary people. The company has also expanded its footprint internationally, with a particular focus on Europe. Market observers have labeled Mercari's crypto service, along with a competitor operated by Rakuten, as a potential "gateway" for bitcoin and crypto investors and traders. Rakuten, another major Japanese e-commerce platform deeply involved in the crypto space for an extended period, operates the Rakuten Wallet crypto trading service. Like Mercari, Rakuten has integrated its loyalty points program with its crypto arm, allowing users to trade their points for crypto-assets. Rakuten had also emerged last year among a shortlist of Asian companies expressing an interest in purchasing failed crypto exchange FTX. A recent survey highlighted the growing influence of these e-commerce giants in the crypto space. Japanese individuals who entered the coin trading scene towards the end of 2022 overwhelmingly favored either Mercari's bitcoin trading app (24.7%) or Rakuten's Rakuten Wallet platform (24.2%). This revelation dealt a blow to traditional crypto exchanges, with bitFlyer, the long-standing market leader, securing the third position with a share of 11.3%. This move contributes towards a more progressive crypto environment in Japan, where lawmakers recently indicated a willingness to consider making tax rules more accommodative of the crypto sector.

India’s HPCL Embraces Blockchain Tech to Streamline Purchase OrdersHindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) has forged a partnership with Zupple Labs, an Indian Web3 startup, to upgrade its purchase order processes through blockchain.Photo by Zbynek Burival on UnsplashTamper-proof documentationAccording to local media publication Business Today, the collaboration leverages blockchain technology to issue tamper-proof digital purchase orders via LegitDoc, ensuring instant verification on the NEAR blockchain. The move is a significant step toward enhancing transparency and efficiency in the purchase order system, addressing long-standing challenges in the industry.Notably, HPCL has awarded purchase orders worth $52 billion in the past five years, making these orders economically significant. Until now, automating purchase order verification for third-party requests outside of HPCL proved to be particularly challenging, resulting in substantial manual labor to process external verification requests.With the implementation of LegitDoc, historically fraud-prone purchase orders can be seamlessly issued to the relevant stakeholders. This breakthrough empowers participants to verify the authenticity of these orders with a simple click, reducing the risk of forgery and expediting the verification process.HPCL’s use of blockchain technology in partnership with Zupple Labs serves multiple purposes. It aims to combat purchase order forgery, simplify vendor access to trade finance through collateralization, and provide evidence of turnover, ultimately facilitating participation in public procurement processes. The facility will soon be accessible to both the public and vendors, with the launch set for October.Neil Martis, the founder of LegitDoc, expressed his enthusiasm about HPCL’s adoption of their technology. He noted:“It’s exciting to see an oil conglomerate such as HPCL use our technology LegitDoc, to secure billions of dollars’ worth of purchase orders. This serves as a testament to the confidence that businesses and governments have placed in our blockchain platform over the years in protecting important documents.”Utilizing two blockchainsThe approach taken in this instance relies on the use of two parallel blockchains which act as settlement layers: the NEAR public blockchain and permissioned private blockchain Hyperledger Fabric. As of mid-October, 3,000 purchase orders had been issued using blockchain.HPCL’s move to digitize and secure its purchase order system not only benefits the corporation but also has industry-wide implications. By promoting digital automation and trust, it sets a precedent for transparency and efficiency in the oil and gas sector. This adoption of blockchain technology aligns with a global trend of enhancing digital trust and streamlining operations across various sectors.Further application of blockchain techIt’s worth noting that this isn’t the first instance of Zupple Labs’ blockchain technology-based solutions being employed by the government in India. LegitDoc has previously been adopted by the administration of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, for issuing tribal caste certificates in 2022, in that instance by way of the Polygon blockchain.Moreover, the technology played a pivotal role in issuing COVID-19 vaccine certificates in Maharashtra in 2021, while over 100,000 degree certificates were issued in 2022. These instances underscore the versatility and growing acceptance of blockchain technology in modern governance and business processes.

Japan and China are moving in different directions on digital finance. In Japan, senior officials are signaling a push to bring cryptocurrencies further into the mainstream financial system. In China, regulators are doubling down on limits for private-sector tokenization even as the central bank expands a state-led digital currency model.Photo by Nat on UnsplashTraditional exchanges to anchor crypto pushSpeaking at the Tokyo Stock Exchange on Jan. 5, Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama framed 2026 as “the inaugural year of digital” in her New Year’s address, according to local outlet CoinPost. She said she expects cryptocurrency adoption to broaden as commodity and stock exchanges take on a larger role, arguing that established market infrastructure will be key to realizing the benefits of blockchain-based assets. Pointing to the U.S., she noted that exchange-traded funds are commonly used as an inflation hedge, and suggested Japan could move in a similar direction. Katayama also struck an upbeat tone on the wider economy, saying she expects Japanese stocks to hit new record highs this year. She cast 2026 as a potential turning point as Japan seeks to move beyond a long stretch of deflation, and called for responsible but proactive fiscal policy alongside targeted investment in growth sectors. Her comments come as Tokyo considers a major overhaul of how crypto gains are taxed. Under a government proposal, profits from cryptocurrencies would be taxed at a flat 20%, aligning them more closely with levies on stocks and foreign-exchange trading. The framework would also cover crypto-linked ETFs and derivatives. Currently, crypto gains are treated as miscellaneous income, leaving investors subject to progressive rates that can climb to roughly 55% once local taxes are included. The proposed reforms would bring crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. While the package is slated for discussion during the upcoming ordinary Diet session, which is scheduled to begin on Jan. 23, officials do not expect it to take effect before 2028, given the scope of the required legal and regulatory changes. Industry groups flag RWA tokenization risksChina, by contrast, continues to take a restrictive stance toward private digital-asset activity. Seven major financial industry associations—including the National Internet Finance Association of China, the Banking Association, and the Securities Association—issued a joint statement warning that the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs) is illegal and amounts to a “risky business model,” according to Wu Blockchain, citing a WeChat post published last month. The associations argued that RWA tokenization still functions as a form of unauthorized fundraising barred under existing securities laws. They also warned of risks tied to both the projects and their underlying assets, including fraud, operational failures, and speculative hype, adding that even when the assets themselves are legitimate, token structures remain unreliable and could pose spillover risks to other parts of the financial system. The statement added that such activities have not received regulatory approval. The warning fits with Beijing’s broader, state-led approach to digital finance. Last month, Lu Lei, a deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), warned that unchecked private-sector innovation could pose challenges for monetary policy, arguing that the rapid growth of digital assets and stablecoins risks weakening central banks’ control over money flows. Against that backdrop, Lu said the PBOC has rolled out a new operational framework for its central bank digital currency that took effect on Jan. 1. The move places the digital yuan in a deposit-like role within the commercial banking system under a two-tier structure, with the central bank overseeing rules and infrastructure and commercial banks handling wallets, payments, and compliance. By late November 2025, the digital yuan network had processed 3.48 billion transactions totaling 16.7 trillion yuan ($2.3 trillion), underscoring how China is channeling digital finance through a centrally controlled system. The system includes about 230 million personal wallets and 18.84 million corporate wallets.