Korea Bolsters Crypto Oversight and Anti-Fraud Efforts

Bank of Japan Publishes Results of CBDC PoCThe Bank of Japan (BoJ) recently concluded the second phase of its central bank digital currency (CBDC) proof of concept (PoC) project, which began in April. The results of this phase were published on Monday, and they shed light on key aspects such as the comparison between account-based and token-based CBDCs and the management of holding limits for users with multiple accounts.Photo by Manuel Cosentino on UnsplashToken-based CBDCsThe experiments conducted by the central bank covered a wide range of topics. Among the most intriguing findings were the advantages and disadvantages of token-based CBDCs and how to effectively impose holding limits for users with multiple CBDC balances.Token-based CBDCs have garnered interest from various central banks, with some adopting the UTXO token model used by Bitcoin without the use of a distributed ledger. A UTXO or unspent transaction output, defines where a blockchain transaction starts and finishes. The Bank of Japan explored this model and analyzed its pros and cons.In the initial proof of concept, both account-based and token-based CBDCs were examined, considering scenarios where the central bank managed the ledger or shared it with intermediaries like banks. In the token-based model, fixed token denominations were used, similar to physical cash in countries like India, and a centralized ledger was employed. However, in the recent phase, the central bank utilized flexible value tokens similar to UTXO and shared ledger functions with intermediaries.The Bank of Japan favored the flexible value token model due to its ability to handle multiple requests simultaneously. However, it acknowledged that this model may require more technical resources compared to the account-based approach. Challenges may arise when implementing additional functions, such as holding limits, while maintaining optimal performance. The European Central Bank (ECB) also noted in a recent report that most payment providers are accustomed to account-based payments and would incur costs to adapt to token-based systems.Another significant aspect explored by the BoJ was how to impose holding limits when users have multiple CBDC balances through different intermediaries. The challenge lies in determining if the overall holding limit has been breached without compromising user privacy.Homomorphic encryptionOne possible solution discussed in the report is the use of homomorphic encryption, which enables computations to be performed on encrypted data without it first needing to be decrypted. That allows for the necessary checks without intermediaries accessing the specific data being checked. Although this solution may slightly increase processing time, it could introduce a higher risk of data inconsistencies.Alternatively, a simpler approach proposed by the central bank is to establish a per-account holding limit and a limit on the number of accounts a single user can hold, rather than imposing global limits. Ideally, users with multiple accounts would have a higher per-account holding limit compared to those with fewer accounts.Phase 3 underwayWith the next pilot phase already underway, the BoJ aims to test the end-to-end process flow and identify challenges related to integrating with external systems. Additionally, they are creating a CBDC Forum to gather input from the private sector, ensuring a collaborative approach to CBDC development.While investigation and research into CBDCs continues, the BoJ has said that it will make a final decision on CBDC implementation by 2026.

Com2uS’ partnership with Thailand’s SHIN-A to boost Web3 gaming presence in Southeast AsiaCom2uS Holdings, a South Korean game developer, announced on Thursday that its subsidiary, Com2uS Platform, has forged a reselling partnership with SHIN-A, a Bangkok-based marketing and game service firm. This collaboration aims to bolster the expansion of Com2uS Platform’s all-in-one gaming platform, Hive, marking a significant step in its global outreach and growth strategy.Photo by Lisheng Chang on UnsplashBlockchain-powered, all-in-one platformHive offers a comprehensive suite of services, including authentication, payments, promotions, customer support, analytics, and Web3 integrations, all integrated within a single software development kit (SDK). Since opening its services to external game companies in 2021, the blockchain-powered platform has secured contracts with 51 games from 39 different publishing clients, demonstrating its growing influence and utility in the gaming industry.Against this backdrop, the newly established partnership between Com2uS Platform and SHIN-A paves the way for cooperative marketing and sales efforts aimed at promoting the Hive platform to a broader range of global gaming companies. To facilitate this goal, SHIN-A is planning to establish a dedicated support team in Thailand, which will focus on the resale of Hive products.SHIN-A, a key player in game publishing and global marketing, covers a wide range of business areas, including Web2 and Web3, across mobile, desktop and console platforms. The company has forged game publishing contracts with global giants like HoYoverse and Tencent, and has successfully conducted local marketing for Com2uS’ game, Birdie Crush: Fantasy Golf. Additionally, SHIN-A collaborates with major Thai firms like mobile phone network AIS and is involved in entertainment ventures, including organizing large-scale K-pop concerts.Thailand’s growing gaming marketWith almost 40% of its 70 million population engaging in games, Thailand presents a significant market opportunity. This is further underscored by the fact that the country boasts the highest average in-app purchase spending per person in Southeast Asia. It is also witnessing rapid growth in the gaming sector as the second-largest gaming market in Southeast Asia, trailing only behind Indonesia.In this vibrant market, Com2us’ action RPG, Summoners War: Chronicles, has achieved notable success, becoming one of the top-grossing games on the Steam platform in Thailand. This success signals a promising landscape for the introduction of Com2uS Platform’s Hive, which is likely to further enhance customer engagement and expand the company’s footprint in the region’s booming gaming market.Com2uS Platform’s Business Director, Kim Jong-moon, stated that the reselling partnership with SHIN-A is poised to significantly enhance Hive projects in the Southeast Asian market, a region known for its dynamic gaming and blockchain sectors. Kim highlighted the company’s plans to earmark the upcoming year as a pivotal period for Hive, marking the beginning of its global strategy implementation.

Hong Kong regulators signal embrace of spot crypto ETFsHong Kong has signaled its readiness to usher in spot crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs), as the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) jointly announced on Friday that they are prepared to accept applications for such funds.Photo by Oskar Kadaksoo on UnsplashUpdated virtual asset-related policyIn a set of circulars released, a joint circular representing both regulators and a separate circular published by the SFC, they outlined the updated policy for intermediaries engaging in virtual asset-related activities.The SFC, responsible for overseeing financial markets in Hong Kong, expressed its openness to applications for the authorization of funds with exposure to virtual assets, specifically mentioning virtual asset spot exchange-traded funds (VA spot ETFs).This move expands beyond the existing crypto futures ETFs, demonstrating Hong Kong’s commitment to adapting its regulatory landscape to the evolving crypto market. It also builds on positive commentary made by SFC CEO Julia Leung on the subject last month. Leung stated that the regulator was open to the notion of retail participation in spot crypto ETFs in Hong Kong.Leung stated:“We welcome proposals using innovative technology that boosts efficiency and customer experience. We’re happy to give it a try as long as new risks are addressed. Our approach is consistent regardless of the asset.”Use of license platformsFriday’s SFC circular emphasized that transactions conducted by these ETFs must occur through SFC-licensed crypto platforms or authorized financial institutions. The SFC outlined that both in-kind and in-cash subscription and redemption methods are permissible for SFC-authorized spot VA ETFs, providing flexibility in fund management.Custody requirements were also addressed, with the SFC specifying that the trustee or custodian must delegate its crypto custody function exclusively to an SFC-licensed Virtual Asset Trading Platform (VATP) or entities meeting the crypto custody standards set by the HKMA.Industry responseThese latest circulars from the regulators have prompted a response from the industry. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange has reacted, welcoming the announcement. It believes that such a move would serve to strengthen Hong Kong’s position as a digital asset hub in the region. The exchange already lists a number of crypto futures ETFs, with multinational investment bank UBS having recently extended access to these products to its Hong Kong-based high-net-worth clients.While the regulatory landscape in the United States in 2023 has proven to be hostile, one very positive development appears to be ongoing work towards spot bitcoin ETF approval. Although still a matter of speculation, many industry commentators believe that approval will come through on Jan. 10. The advent of spot bitcoin and crypto ETFs in both eastern and western markets would likely make for an extremely bullish 2024 for the industry.Hong Kong’s move towards spot crypto ETFs aligns with its proactive stance in adapting to the rapidly evolving crypto landscape. The regulatory framework, as outlined in the circulars, reflects a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring investor protection. The city’s financial authorities have taken a comprehensive approach to review and update policies, once again signaling their ongoing commitment to embracing the growing role of virtual assets in the financial world.