Korea’s Incheon City Takes Steps to Boost Blockchain Startup Growth

Leading cryptocurrency exchange OKX has acquired an in-principle approval from Singapore’s financial regulatory authority for a Major Payment Institution (MPI) license through its local arm, OKX SG.Photo by Mark Stoop on UnsplashEnabling broader service offeringAccording to a blog post published by the company on March 12, OKX confirmed the receipt of in-principle approval for the coveted license. The MPI license, issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), Singapore's primary financial regulatory body, represents an important step forward for the company. Once granted the full license, OKX will be empowered to offer digital payment token services and facilitate cross-border transfers within Singapore. A plethora of OKX executives took to social media to comment on the achievement. Hong Fang, President of OKX, expressed the company's long-standing interest in Singapore, describing it as a cornerstone of its global strategy. Fang emphasized Singapore's appeal to entrepreneurial ventures, citing its tech-savvy populace as early adopters. She praised the country's regulatory framework as "clear and thoughtful," enabling businesses like OKX to cultivate sustainable growth over the long term. With this regulatory approval, OKX intends to concentrate on bolstering its spot product offerings in the Singaporean market. Fang outlined plans to forge local banking partnerships to enhance customer experiences and expand service offerings in the future. In summarizing the company’s outlook, Fang wrote that OKX is looking to “build locally. Be compliant. Invest long-term.” OKX CEO Star Xu suggested that the firm intends to be a “long-term member of the Singapore fintech community” as a consequence of the approval. Global market expansionThe company’s CMO, Haider Rafique, pointed out that this latest license approval follows hot on the heels of further expansion in venues like Dubai, Argentina and Turkey. The in-principle license approval follows OKX's recent acquisition of a conditional license from Dubai’s cryptocurrency regulatory authority. On Jan. 16, the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) of Dubai granted OKX a license, enabling the exchange to provide regulated services as a virtual asset service provider within the region.On Feb. 27 the firm launched OKX TR, catering to the needs of crypto users in Turkey. In the same month, the company launched its services within the Argentinian market. MPI-licensed entities like OKX enjoy the privilege of facilitating multiple payment services, surpassing volume limitations prescribed for standard payment firms. This flexibility allows OKX to transcend the prescribed limits of three million Singapore dollars ($2.2 million) for individual payment services and a monthly cap of SG$6 million ($4.4 million) for multiple services. Joining OKX in the pursuit of regulatory compliance, BitGo, a prominent crypto custody business, also received an in-principle approval from MAS. BitGo announced on Jan. 10 that it had secured initial approval, subject to fulfilling additional requirements stipulated by the regulator. Several other notable cryptocurrency entities, including Crypto.com, Coinbase and Ripple, have already obtained complete payment institution licenses in Singapore. OKX's attainment of in-principle approval underscores the ongoing drive among market participants towards regulatory compliance and expansion into key markets. The move should help the firm to position itself well for further market growth as the digital assets space continues to progress.

Kbank’s Upbit Customer Deposits Total $2.2BKbank, an internet-only bank in South Korea, is facing criticism due to its relatively high proportion of cryptocurrency customer deposits compared to other banks. Kbank reportedly manages approximately KRW 3 trillion (equivalent to $2.2 billion) in deposits from customers of cryptocurrency exchange Upbit, which accounts for about 18% of its total customer deposits.This percentage stands out, being notably higher than other banks that provide accounts to the other four crypto-to-fiat exchanges in Korea. That is according to a report by Maeil Business Newspaper, which obtained documents submitted to lawmaker Kim Hee-gon by the Financial Services Commission (FSC).According to Korean law, crypto exchanges must secure real-name bank accounts from banks to offer crypto trading services against the Korean won. Kbank offers its accounts to Upbit, the dominant player in the Korean crypto market.Photo by David McBee on PexelsNotable exposure to crypto exchangeThe FSC documents showed that Kbank’s Upbit customer deposits totaled KRW 3.09 trillion, making up 18% of its total deposits, which amount to KRW 17.2 trillion.In a striking contrast, Nonghyup Bank had 0.2% of its deposits, equivalent to KRW 557.8 billion, in Bithumb, which is the nation’s second-largest cryptocurrency exchange. Kakaobank, another internet-only bank, had 0.3% (KRW 112.2 billion) of its deposits in Coinone. Shinhan Bank held 0.01% (KRW 43 billion) in Korbit, and Jeonbuk Bank had a similarly small 0.02% (KRW 4.2 billion) in Gopax.Lawmaker Kim pointed out that Kbank has become a bank dedicated to crypto trading. Kim proposed that financial authorities take proactive measures to assess the potential risks that may emerge when Kbank utilizes Upbit customer deposits as a basis for offering credit loans. Such risky financial practices could potentially result in higher loan defaults and the emergence of a greater number of individuals with poor credit histories, which could ultimately jeopardize the stability of the financial market.Regulatory gapThe current Financial Transaction Reporting Act mandates that virtual asset service providers (VASPs) segregate customer deposits from their own assets as a measure to combat money laundering. However, it has been noted that there are regulatory gaps stemming from the absence of specific guidelines for the custody of these deposits.According to the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), Nonghyup and Kakaobank store deposits in separate accounts within the bank. On the other hand, Kbank and Jeonbuk Bank keep deposits in corporate accounts under their respective exchange partners’ names.When deposits are stored in separate accounts within the bank, only the bank has access to those funds, and they are essentially operated in a manner similar to a trust, preventing the bank from using the funds arbitrarily. In contrast, funds held in corporate accounts can be used by the bank as a source for lending. Lawmaker Kim warned that in scenarios such as exchange bankruptcies or similar situations, banks holding customer funds in corporate accounts could face difficulties in ensuring customer protection.Each of these banks receives reserve funds from crypto exchanges in anticipation of potential compensation requirements in the event of unforeseen losses. The FSS states that as of the end of last month, the reserve amounts held by each bank were as follows: Kbank had KRW 200 billion, Nonghyup Bank had KRW 100 billion, Kakao Bank had KRW 73 billion, and both Shinhan Bank and Jeonbuk Bank had KRW 30 billion.Kbank’s Upbit customer deposits are approximately 72 times larger than Shinhan Bank’s Korbit customer deposits. However, the reserve amounts held by Kbank are only 6.7 times greater than those held by Shinhan. Lawmaker Kim emphasized the importance of banks maintaining reserve funds that are proportional to the customer deposits held in their partner crypto exchanges.Signs of recoveryMeanwhile, the Korean cryptocurrency industry, which faced a downturn in the latter half of last year due to events like the Terra collapse and FTX’s bankruptcy, has exhibited signs of recovery in the first half of this year.The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the FSC recently reported that the cryptocurrency market cap in South Korea has reached KRW 28.4 trillion as of the end of June this year. This reflects a 46% increase compared to the end of last year when it stood at KRW 19.4 trillion. Additionally, the total operating profit of domestic exchanges surged by 82% to KRW 227.3 billion over the past six months, compared to the previous figure of KRW 124.9 billion.The total market’s max drawdown (MDD) was 62%. MDD assesses the extent to which an asset has declined in value from its highest point to its lowest point within a specific time frame, before experiencing a recovery. The FIU considers this MDD to be high, urging investor caution.

South Korea’s ruling Democratic Party has set up a new task force to accelerate the creation of a clear regulatory framework for stablecoins, aiming to unify competing legislative proposals ahead of government guidelines expected in October. According to Etoday, the nine-member group, chaired by Representative Lee Jung-moon of the National Policy Committee, is composed of lawmakers from three key parliamentary committees. Its primary objective is to consolidate the party's position on digital asset policy and coordinate with the Financial Services Commission (FSC) to establish a definitive rulebook for the burgeoning sector. Lee stated that the task force would work to harmonize multiple stablecoin bills already circulating within the party, noting that there was mounting pressure from both regulators and the private sector. He explained that government agencies had urged swift legislative action, while financial institutions and exchanges preparing to launch won-pegged stablecoins were waiting for regulatory certainty.Photo by SC Jang on UnsplashRegulatory debate over capital standardsA central point of contention for the task force will be establishing appropriate capital requirements for stablecoin issuers. Current proposals vary in scope, with suggested thresholds ranging from 500 million won (approximately $358,000), a figure intended to encourage fintech innovation, to as high as 5 billion won (about $3.58 million) to prioritize investor protection. The committee is tasked with striking a balance between fostering market growth and ensuring financial stability. Seoul's initiative reflects a broader global movement toward formal oversight of fiat-backed digital currencies. The U.S. passed its GENIUS Act for stablecoins in July, while the EU has implemented its Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation. Similarly, Japan amended its Payment Services Act in 2023 to restrict stablecoin issuance to licensed banks and registered financial firms. Former White House crypto advisor’s inputThe push for clear rules has drawn keen interest from industry leaders. Speaking at Korea Blockchain Week 2025 in Seoul, Bo Hines, chief executive of Tether USAT, stressed the regulatory clarity provided by the GENIUS Act in the U.S. According to ZDnet Korea, he noted that his company's new dollar-backed token, USAT, is designed for full compliance with U.S. law, featuring one-to-one reserves and audits by top-tier accounting firms to attract institutional investors. Hines, a former digital assets adviser at the White House, clarified that USAT is intended to serve the regulated U.S. market, complementing Tether’s flagship product, USDT, which has a global user base exceeding 500 million. He also discussed Tether’s view of South Korea as a key market, pointing to the significant USDT trading volumes there. Hines encouraged the country to adopt comparable stablecoin standards and expressed optimism that it would move toward a more open and efficient global financial network. With the FSC’s guidance approaching, the Democratic Party’s task force is working to reconcile differing legislative proposals. The resulting framework will shape the pace at which stablecoins move from pilot projects to an established part of South Korea’s financial system.