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South Korean FSC updates definition of virtual assets and VASP regulations for Virtual Asset User Protection ActThe South Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) on Monday (local time) published a new enforcement decree and supervisory regulations for the Virtual Asset User Protection Act, under which non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and deposit tokens are excluded from the definition of virtual assets. The act serves to protect customer assets, prevent unfair trading practices, and enforce penalties.“The enforcement decree and supervisory regulations provide detailed standards and methods to safeguard users’ assets and establish stability in the market,” the FSC said.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashDefining virtual assetsThe agency explained that it decided to exclude NFTs because they are mainly bought and sold for collection purposes, posing low risks to holders and the financial system. However, NFTs that can be used as a means of payment for purchasing certain goods and services are considered virtual assets. On the other hand, deposit tokens — which will be managed by the Bank of Korea’s central bank digital currency network — are regarded as a legitimate form of monetary deposit and are subject to relevant regulations instead of the User Protection Act. Other “electronic certificates of economic value,” such as mobile vouchers and electronic bonds, are also excluded from the definition of virtual assets.Enhancing security and transparencyFollowing the clarified definition of virtual assets, the updated regulations underline conduct measures that virtual asset service providers (VASPs) must comply with. For example, VASPs must calculate the total value of their customers’ crypto assets every month and store at least 80% in a cold wallet to prevent infringements like hacks — a boost from the current 70 percent. Cold wallets are deemed more secure than hot wallets because they keep crypto keys offline instead of staying connected to the internet.VASPs are also not allowed to arbitrarily block deposits and withdrawals of user assets without prior notice and a justifiable reason like internal system failure or hacks as well as requests from courts, investigative bodies, the National Tax Service and financial authorities. User deposits must be stored in banks, which can invest them only in safe assets such as government bonds.The act is set to take effect on July 19 next year after a legislative review scheduled for next month.

Conflux Network, a layer-1, regulatory-compliant Chinese blockchain focused on borderless transactions, has announced the upcoming launch of the Conflux 3.0 mainnet together with an offshore yuan-pegged stablecoin, resulting in its native CFX token surging.Photo by Eric Prouzet on UnsplashPartnershipA notice published on the website of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government on July 20 reported on the Conflux Tree Graph Technology and Ecological Development Conference, which was held in Shanghai over three days from July 18 to July 20. Over the course of the three-day event, the project announced a partnership with AnchorX, a Hong Kong-based fintech firm specializing in stablecoins, and Shenzhen-based Eastcompeace Technology.  The purpose of the initiative is to develop a stablecoin pegged to the offshore yuan (CNH), the version of China’s currency that circulates outside the mainland. The report outlined that in recent years, stablecoins and tokenized real-world assets (RWAs) have come to global attention.  Belt & Road InitiativeGiven this backdrop, it was outlined that “creating an independent and controllable high-performance public chain system” could be of great benefit to China and its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which sets out to develop infrastructure across 150 countries to facilitate trade with China. This is not the first point at which AnchorX has collaborated with Conflux. Back in February, the company received in-principle approval from the Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA) in Kazakhstan to issue CNH-pegged stablecoins. Growing bilateral trade between Kazakhstan and China was cited as the rationale behind the license, given the need for cross-border payments. At the time, it was outlined that the AxCNH yuan-pegged stablecoin would be issued on the Conflux blockchain. It’s unclear if this same stablecoin is the focus of this latest development or whether an entirely new yuan-pegged stablecoin will be issued.AnchorX collaborated with Conflux in 2024 to bring about the issuance of AxHKD, a Hong Kong dollar-pegged stablecoin. The stablecoin runs on the Conflux blockchain, with the stablecoin issuer using OKLink Trust as its custodian. TokenPocket, a multi-chain crypto wallet project, also outlined on X on July 21 that it too is involved in the partnership with Conflux and AnchorX. The project outlined that it will support the growth of stablecoin adoption, the development of cross-border payment solutions and the promotion of tokenized RWAs in international markets through the collaboration.  Pilot projectsTokenPocket went on to explain that the companies plan to launch pilot projects in Central Asia, Southeast Asia and other regions, building “a compliant, secure, and innovative fintech framework to boost the role of the Conflux ecosystem as critical infrastructure for cross-border trade.” It was revealed at the conference that the mainnet release of Conflux 3.0 will occur in August. With the implementation of further optimized execution modules, the project expects 3.0 to result in a network throughput of 15,000 transactions per second (TPS).  These developments over the course of the weekend have had an impact on the unit price of Conflux’s native token, CFX. On July 19, the token was trading at around $0.1043. According to CoinMarketCap data, at the time of writing, it’s trading at $0.2232, a 2.58% increase over the past day. 

The South Korean National Tax Service (NTS) is reportedly in the process of setting up virtual asset accounts for its district offices. This initiative is aimed at confiscating and liquidating the digital assets of individuals who fail to pay their taxes. This move comes after the creation of similar accounts by public prosecutors' offices, leading to speculation in the crypto industry that virtual asset accounts will soon be allowed for corporate entities as well.Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich on PexelsDirect confiscation of virtual assetsA report by the local news outlet Etoday today has revealed that each district office of the NTS is working towards establishing a virtual asset account. This development will empower the tax agency to directly sell virtual assets confiscated from tax delinquents. Previously, the NTS would freeze the accounts of overdue taxpayers at Korean cryptocurrency exchanges, compelling them to convert their assets into Korean won. These funds were then confiscated by the NTS. The new initiative is set to streamline the process, enabling the tax authority to directly confiscate virtual assets without the intermediary step of conversion to Korean won. Speaking about this development, an NTS officer said that as each district office director holds the authority to collect taxes from taxpayers with overdue payments, it's necessary for each office to have its own account. Prosecutors’ Offices’ Upbit and Bithumb accountsThe crypto industry views this development as a potential step towards allowing the creation of virtual asset accounts for corporate entities, starting with government agencies. In December, the prosecutors' offices established their entity accounts at major cryptocurrency exchanges Upbit and Bithumb. Since then, the prosecution has utilized these accounts to sell confiscated virtual assets, aiming to recover funds that had not been collected.  An official from a cryptocurrency exchange indicated that the South Korean government is currently focusing on allowing entities that serve the public good to own virtual asset accounts. This approach is seen as the starting point, with expectations that the trend will gain momentum in the future. The official added that it's rare for the government to provide blanket permissions from the outset, suggesting a gradual and cautious approach to the integration of virtual asset accounts.Money laundering concernsMeanwhile, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC), along with other financial regulators, has remained silent on the matter of virtual asset accounts for corporate entities. This reticence stems from concerns with the financial authority that the introduction of corporate crypto accounts could potentially lead to money laundering and the creation of slush funds. An official from the National Assembly’s National Policy Committee said that they have not received any comments from the financial authority in response to inquiries about plans to allow such accounts for corporate entities. The current law doesn’t prohibit corporate entities from trading virtual assets. However, under the auspices of the financial authority, banks have refrained from offering real-name accounts to corporate entities. This policy has been a point of contention within the crypto industry. Advocates argue that allowing corporate accounts could mitigate issues of market manipulation and challenge the dominance of Upbit in the Korean cryptocurrency market.  The official from the cryptocurrency exchange pointed out that the financial authority does not have a clear legal basis for prohibiting the creation of corporate crypto accounts. They suggested that the regulator should develop clearer guidelines and enforce these rules for corporate entities. More serious discussions in AprilMore serious discussions about the introduction of corporate crypto accounts are anticipated to take place in April, following the conclusion of the general election. Last month, the main opposition party, the Democratic Party of Korea, made election promises to open the crypto market to institutional investors. Meanwhile, the ruling People Power Party has been quietly deliberating on virtual asset policy. Despite these political movements, earlier reports indicate a disconnect between the political parties' efforts to relax crypto regulations and the financial regulator's stance. Meanwhile, Hwang Seok-jin, a professor at Dongguk University’s Graduate School of International Affairs and Information Security, expects to see a conclusion on the permission of corporate crypto trading by the end of this year. He said that there has been ongoing discussion about the approval of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and that allowing the trading of such funds requires the ownership of virtual assets by institutions.