Web3 Offers Potential for Japan to Rediscover its Mojo

Recent weeks have seen a positive policy shift in Pakistan with regard to digital assets and blockchain and that initiative has gathered further momentum with the appointment of a special assistant on blockchain and crypto to the Pakistani prime minister and the allocation of 2,000 MW of surplus electricity to Bitcoin mining and AI data centers.Photo by Abuzar Xheikh on UnsplashOn May 26, the Pakistan Observer, an English language daily newspaper, reported that Bilal bin Saqib has been appointed to serve as a special assistant on blockchain and crypto matters to Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Forbes ‘30 under 30’ social entrepreneurIn this role, Saqib assumes the status of a minister of state under Rule 4(6) of the Rules of Business, 1973, with the appointment effective immediately. Saqib had been featured by Forbes through its “30 under 30” list of social entrepreneurs in Asia in 2020. He is the founder of Tayaba.org, a non-governmental organization (NGO) focused on the provision of clean drinking water to vulnerable communities in Pakistan. Saqib came to prominence in the crypto sector earlier this year when he was appointed CEO of the newly formed Pakistan Crypto Council (PCC), an agency established to promote blockchain technology and digital assets within the South Asian country. In April he was added by World Liberty Financial, a crypto project connected with the family of U.S. President Donald Trump, as an advisor. Earlier this month, Pakistan’s Ministry of Finance gave the go-ahead for the establishment of the Pakistan Digital Assets Authority (PDAA), a body that will be responsible for the implementation of regulations governing the crypto and blockchain sector.  Utilizing surplus energyAt the time, one area of focus that had been highlighted in the announcement of the establishment of the PDAA was a desire to make better use of Pakistan’s surplus energy. The country runs an annual average surplus of 4,000 megawatts. A report by 24 Digital on May 25 indicated that action has already been taken in this regard. It outlined that Pakistan has allocated 2,000 megawatts of surplus electricity for the exclusive use of operators of AI data centers and Bitcoin mining facilities.  This plan is being rolled out in phases. The first phase makes surplus energy available to these operators. Phase 2 will focus on enabling crypto mining operators to avail of renewable energy to power their facilities, in an effort to develop the sector in Pakistan in an environmentally responsible manner. According to the Ministry of Finance, interest has already been expressed by international operators in the crypto mining and AI data center sectors. A number of international firms are understood to have visited the country in an effort to explore potential collaboration opportunities.  Earlier this month, Saqib claimed on social media that Pakistan “is moving at crypto speed.” He made the case that the country is a breeding ground for crypto innovation, citing the opportunity to exploit surplus electricity via crypto mining and the potential for crypto adoption given a $36 billion remittance market, millions of unbanked citizens and 64% of the population under 30.

Socket, a cross-chain infrastructure protocol, and its interoperability bridging platform, Bungee, have restarted operations following a temporary pause prompted by an exploit that led to the apparent theft of $3.3 million.Photo by Anna Tarazevich on PexelsSecurity incidentTaking to the company’s Discord, Socket team hospitality lead Taylor Melvin clarified that it had “experienced a security incident which affected wallets with infinite approvals to Socket contracts.” The incident, which occurred on Tuesday, involved an unknown attacker draining millions worth of stablecoins and other tokens from the Bungee bridging aggregator. The attackers targeted wallets with infinite approvals to Socket contracts, exploiting authorizations for blockchain-based tools that allow applications to access tokens in a user's wallet. Security researcher "@speekaway" was the first to flag the exploit on Tuesday. The attacker's wallet, connected to the exploit, held nearly $3 million in ether (ETH) and $300,000 worth of other tokens. By 2:47 p.m. ET, the attack seemed to have ceased, with the researcher recommending users to revoke approvals for Socket to safeguard their assets. Pausing contractsIn response to the security breach, Socket announced the pause of affected contracts on Tuesday at 3:15 p.m. ET. The project's team promptly identified and addressed the issue, taking swift action to mitigate the exploit's impact. @speekaway chimed back in once contracts had been paused, writing:”Think this pause fixed it, very likely no more attacks are possible. So if you are currently freaking out about revoking you can probably relax.” Normal service returnsAs Socket paused activity during the incident, preventing further propagation of the attack, developers worked to fix the issue. Early Wednesday, Socket developers announced that the problem had been resolved, and normal activities had resumed. The team also stated that plans for compensation were in progress. Cross-chain bridges, like Socket's Bungee, facilitate token transfers between different blockchains but remain susceptible to exploitation. Blockchain security and data analytics company PeckShield confirmed that at least $3.3 million had been lost, highlighting the need for enhanced security measures in the rapidly evolving blockchain ecosystem. The exploit involved the exploitation of a recently added route, which has since been disabled. The attacker targeted users who had over-approved Socket, draining funds up to the limit of their approval. This incident follows the $81 million hack of Orbit Chain, a cross-chain bridge connecting Ethereum to other networks, earlier in January. Cross-chain tools' complexity contributes to the frequency of such attacks, emphasizing the importance of understanding the security measures in place when utilizing these bridges. In a message to CoinDesk, Sergey Nazarov, co-founder of Chainlink, emphasized the need for users to scrutinize the security of their chosen bridge, considering the various levels of cross-chain security. With the complexities involved, users are encouraged to be vigilant and informed about the security spectrum of the bridges they employ. Socket was founded by Indian duo Rishabh Khurana and Vaibhav Chellani. In September, the company raised $5 million, with funding coming from Framework Ventures and Coinbase Ventures. 

OKX Ventures, the investment wing of the Seychelles-based cryptocurrency exchange OKX, has disclosed a strategic A-round investment in Polyhedra Network. Details of the investment have been outlined through a press release published via PRNewswire on Tuesday. Specializing in the creation of Web3 infrastructure, Polyhedra Network places a premium on interoperability, scalability and privacy, leveraging advanced zero-knowledge (ZK) proof technology.Photo by Precondo CA on UnsplashInteroperability with privacyA ZK proof provides the ability for one party to cryptographically prove to another party that it possesses a certain piece of information without having to reveal the actual underlying information to the other party. Central to Polyhedra Network's product offering is its zkBridge protocol, a system facilitating trustless and efficient cross-chain infrastructure for both layer-1 and layer-2 interoperability. The protocol empowers the receiving chain to verify specific state transitions on the sending chain. This approach ensures robust security without external assumptions, effectively reducing the costs associated with on-chain verification. Polyhedra Network made an initial impact in 2023 with the launch of the "zkBridge Mainnet Alpha." That product enabled interoperability over 20 layer-1 and layer-2 blockchains, including well-known networks such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain and Arbitrum. Distributed proof systemThe innovative strides of Polyhedra Network, which was founded in the United States by James Zhang, Tiancheng Xie and Nikhil Shah, continued in 2023 with the introduction of deVirgo, a novel distributed proof system expediting proof generation. The deVirgo protocol also incorporates recursive proofs which trim on-chain proof verification costs associated with zkBridge. Last month, Polyhedra Network unveiled its Bitcoin messaging protocol with zkBridge, ushering trustless interoperability into the Bitcoin ecosystem through the use of ZK-proof technology. Asian backingBy championing entrepreneurs contributing to the blockchain industry's advancement, OKX Ventures is helping to build innovative companies, bringing global resources and historical experience to the forefront of blockchain projects. It is one of many Asia-centric venture firms to do so. Polyhedra has secured backing from Hong Kong’s Animoca Brands and HashKey Group, Singapore’s UOB Venture Management, NGC Ventures, Signum Capital and Foresight Ventures, alongside KuCoin Ventures. In an initial funding round in February 2023, the UC Berkeley team attracted $10 million in funding. By April, a pre-Series A round had raised a further $15 million. Dora Yue, the founder of OKX Ventures, expressed their honor in participating in the investment in Polyhedra Network's interoperability infrastructure. Yue lauded the creativity demonstrated by Polyhedra Network's team in developing advanced ZK-proof mechanisms, emphasizing the balance achieved between ZK interoperability and scalability. OKX Ventures, with an initial capital commitment of $100 million, is committed to supporting Polyhedra Network's vision of seamlessly connecting the Web2 and Web3 worlds, aiming to attract a more extensive user base to the industry. As the investment arm of the global crypto exchange platform, it dedicates itself to exploring top-tier blockchain projects on a global scale. Its focus is on fostering cutting-edge blockchain technology innovation, aspiring to support the healthy development of the global blockchain space and investing in long-term structural value.