Thai Opposition Party Offers Election Crypto Sweetener

Singapore’s UniPass Plays Role in ERC-4337 Vulnerability FixSmart contract wallet provider UniPass and crypto infrastructure firm Fireblocks have successfully addressed a significant vulnerability in the Ethereum ecosystem.Photo by Nenad Novaković on UnsplashAccount abstraction vulnerabilityThis vulnerability, identified as the ERC-4337 account abstraction vulnerability, posed a critical security risk to hundreds of mainnet wallets. The joint effort between Fireblocks and UniPass was detailed in a blog post published to the Fireblocks website on Thursday.This vulnerability, if exploited, could have enabled a malicious actor to execute a complete takeover of the UniPass Wallet by manipulating Ethereum’s account abstraction process. The vulnerability represented a substantial threat to the security of smart contract wallets, as it could lead to unauthorized access and fund drainage.Improving user experienceAccount abstraction, as dealt with via ERC-4337, is a mechanism that introduces a novel way of processing transactions and interacting with smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. It allows for a more flexible and efficient handling of transactions, transcending the traditional distinction between externally owned accounts (EOAs) and contract accounts.EOAs are controlled by private keys and can initiate transactions, while contract accounts are governed by the code of a smart contract. When an EOA initiates a transaction with a contract account, it triggers the execution of the contract’s code. Account abstraction introduces the notion of abstracted accounts, which are not tied to a specific private key and can initiate transactions and interact with smart contracts, similar to EOAs.In the context of ERC-4337, an account executing an action relies on the EntryPoint contract to ensure that only signed transactions are executed. Typically, these accounts trust a single audited EntryPoint contract to validate user operations before executing commands. However, the vulnerability resided in the fact that a malicious or buggy EntryPoint contract could potentially skip the validation step and directly call the execution function, bypassing essential security measures.This vulnerability, identified by the two firms, had allowed attackers to seize control of UniPass wallets by replacing the trusted EntryPoint of the wallet. Once this takeover was completed, the attacker could access the wallet and drain its funds.It’s worth noting that the vulnerability posed a threat to several hundred users who had activated the ERC-4337 module in their wallets, making them susceptible to exploitation by any actor on the blockchain. Fortunately, the wallets affected by this vulnerability contained only small amounts of funds, and swift mitigation efforts were successful in preventing further harm.Company mergerEarlier this year, Singapore’s UniPass merged with Chinese wallet provider Keystone to form Account Labs, a company which has been incorporated in Singapore. At the time, Keystone founder Liu Lixin outlined that further developing account abstraction-derived products was the objective of the creation of Account Labs. He stated:“We are on the cusp of a Web3 Account Abstraction revolution. Together, we’ll drive rapid transformation, making the transition from Web2 to Web3 effortless for users. Our goal is to ensure everyone can securely and smoothly manage a decentralized account. We welcome partners to join us in advancing the Web3 account domain.”In furthering that objective, Account Labs announced on Thursday that it had raised $7.7 million in a funding round led by Amber Group, MixMarvel DAO Ventures, and Qiming Ventures.

Beijing Municipal Government Unveils Web3 White PaperIn what is being perceived by many as a significant development, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, also known as the Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park, has released a white paper titled “Web3 Innovation and Development.”Photo by zhang kaiyv on PexelsThe “inevitable trend” of Web3This announcement, as reported by local news outlet, The Paper, was made during the Zhongguancun Forum. The Forum is an event focused on technological advancements and innovation. The white paper acknowledges Web3 technology as an “inevitable trend for future Internet industry development.”The objective of the Beijing Municipal Government is to establish the city as a global innovation hub for the digital economy. To support this ambition, the government plans to allocate a minimum of 100 million yuan (approximately $14 million) annually over the next two years.Enhanced policy supportThe white paper points towards Beijing’s intention to enhance policy support and accelerate technological advancements to foster the growth of the Web3 industry. This strategic move aligns with what appears to be China’s evolving stance toward the crypto industry, as the government aims to leverage the potential of emerging technologies.The timing of the white paper release coincides with the upcoming implementation of new digital asset regulations in Hong Kong. At the beginning of next month, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) of Hong Kong will introduce new rules for the cryptocurrency sector, permitting retail investors to engage in crypto trading. This stands in stark contrast to the current regulatory environment in the United States, where authorities have been tightening their control over cryptocurrencies.Second guessing China’s approach to cryptoChina had previously banned the use of cryptocurrencies in 2021. Notwithstanding that, the release of the Web3 white paper may suggest a potential shift in the country’s approach. Notably, on May 23, China Central Television, a state-owned media outlet, aired a segment focused on cryptocurrencies, prominently featuring the Bitcoin logo and a Bitcoin ATM in Hong Kong.This coverage holds significance, but the fact that the video was quickly taken down from the broadcaster’s website casts doubt on just how far down the crypto rabbit hole China is willing to go.Changpeng Zhao (CZ), the Founder and CEO of global crypto exchange Binance, tweeted out that the timing of the publication of the paper is apt given other blockchain and crypto-related initiatives taken on by various Chinese entities. A recent study suggested that Hong Kong is emerging as a leading jurisdiction when it comes to its crypto readiness.It remains to be seen how these developments will unfold and whether Beijing’s proactive approach will pave the way for further integration of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in China’s digital economy.For the time being, with the release of the white paper, Beijing appears to have taken a significant step forward in shaping its future as a leading player in the global Web3 landscape. However, to what extent Beijing is ‘all in’ on crypto remains imponderable.

In a recent report, Circle Internet Financial, the issuer of the USDC stablecoin, emphasized the growing adaptability of the Asian population towards digital currencies. This trend indicates a substantial potential for increased stablecoin usage in the Asia Pacific region. On Monday, the firm published "The State of the USDC Economy 2024 Report," providing a trove of relevant and timely data. Since its launch in 2018, the USDC stablecoin has facilitated over $12 trillion in blockchain transactions. The focus of the report is on the surge in remittances flowing into Asia, highlighting its growing presence. Remittances of $130 billion into AsiaAccording to a World Bank press release, remittances to Asia reached $130 billion in 2022, with the average cost of transferring $200 standing at 5.7% in the last quarter of the year. Meanwhile, the region accounted for 29% of all global digital asset value received, surpassing North America's 19% and Western Europe's 22%. Against this backdrop, the report sheds light on Circle's strategic partnership with Coins.ph, a crypto exchange in the Philippines, which aims to tap into the country's personal remittance demand, estimated at around $36 billion annually.  In another blog post, the company also dispels the notion that stablecoins are primarily used for speculative trading, citing a 90% decline in such activities over the past five years. This shift in usage patterns highlights the growing acceptance and adoption of stablecoins for practical applications like remittances and trade finance.Photo by Marjan Blan on UnsplashIncreasingly important role in trade financeImportantly, Circle asserts that USDC can play a role in closing the region's $510 billion trade finance gap. This gap represents the lack of liquidity available to companies for cross-border remittances and credit, particularly affecting emerging markets with capital outflow restrictions. The report underlines how businesses in these markets often struggle to secure funding for international trade, and USDC is emerging as a solution. One notable case study is Taipei-based XREX, which utilizes USDC to build financial pipelines between countries, leveraging the deep dollar liquidity in Taiwan to address the dollar scarcity in other Southeast Asian economies. This exemplifies how stablecoins like USDC are contributing to bridging financial gaps and facilitating international trade in regions with limited access to traditional banking services. Stablecoin-specific regulationThe regulatory landscape in the Asia-Pacific region is also evolving to accommodate stablecoins. Countries like Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan have implemented or proposed frameworks for stablecoin regulation, aligning with the growing importance of digital assets in the financial ecosystem. Circle has become increasingly active within the APAC region. In November, the firm joined forces with Japanese financial services conglomerate SBI Holdings to increase the circulation of USDC within Japan. Having been awarded a Major Payments Institution (MPI) license in Singapore in June, Circle followed that up later in the year by launching a zero-fee USDC minting facility within the city-state. Considering these developments, the Asia-Pacific region, with its large unbanked population and significant digital wallet usage, is predicted to witness quick adoption of stablecoins for cross-border payments.