TRES secures $11M funding to expand multi-chain tax reporting

China Launches National Blockchain Center to Develop TalentHaving initially been announced in February, China’s National Blockchain Technology Innovation Center was formally launched on Wednesday. The center is based in China’s capital city of Beijing, and plans to collaborate with existing crypto and blockchain businesses, think tanks that concern themselves with blockchain and digital assets, and local universities in an effort to further advance blockchain technology within China’s borders.Photo by Hanson Lu on UnsplashEnterprise blockchain developmentEncompassed within the National Blockchain Technology Innovation Center lies the Beijing Academy of Blockchain and Edge Computing. The academy’s leading achievement to date has been its development of the ChainMaker blockchain. The state-sponsored blockchain incorporates clusters of high performance servers of 1,000 units or more, and it claims to achieve a throughput of 240 million transactions per second.The blockchain is being geared towards enterprise use, and the sharing of information between businesses. The ChainMaker project team has also developed an immutable storage mechanism called “Hong”. It’s understood that the team plans to open-source that technology in due course. The storage system is being used by around 80 government departments in Beijing to collect and store data.ChainMaker is collaborating with fifty corporations, with most of them being state-owned entities.Linking up separate networksIn these efforts to advance China’s blockchain sector, the Center is being backed by China’s Ministry of Science and Technology. One of its key objectives is to ensure that the research center enables a comprehensive, nation-wide network to link together disparate blockchain systems, including those already built, within China. Furthermore, the Chinese authorities want the Center to support existing industries, serving them by bringing blockchain technology to their operations, and in that way advancing businesses with that added competitive edge.Zheng Zhiming, a leading academic at the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that existing blockchain projects are isolated from each other. Zhiming believes that this is holding them back, impeding their growth. This latest approach through the National Blockchain Technology Center is geared to address that shortcoming.It’s interesting to note that while the Chinese authorities have taken a very hard line in relation to cryptocurrencies, they are very much trying to advance their blockchain sector. Likewise, they are pulling out the stops for China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC) project, the digital yuan or e-CNY.It emerged last week that the Bank of China has partnered with French international banking group BNP Paribas, in an effort to promote further use of the digital yuan among the bank’s corporate clients.A dual strategyMeanwhile in China’s autonomous territory of Hong Kong, the city has been given an implicit mandate from the Chinese central government to open its doors to cryptocurrency-related businesses. Cleverly, the Chinese are covering both eventualities. While they don’t want citizens within mainland China to have access to decentralized cryptocurrencies and dApps, they still don’t want to miss out on any upside that the technology and its innovation may bring.On that basis, Hong Kong has been given the space and freedom to compete for crypto business on a global basis, competing in that respect with other emerging centers such as Singapore and Dubai.

China’s Legal Daily, a publication that falls under the supervision of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) Central Commission for Political and Legal Affairs, has sounded an alarm regarding cryptocurrencies, raising concerns about their use as potential avenues for corruption. In the newspaper’s New Year’s Day edition, it quoted legal scholars, who had convened at the annual China Integrity and Legal Research Association meeting, who underscored the urgency of addressing the emerging threat posed by digital assets.Photo by Max van den Oetelaar on Unsplash‘Hidden channels’ for briberyIn particular, it focused on views expressed by Associate Professor Zhao Xuejun from Hebei University Law School. Zhao Xuejun warned against the use of virtual currency and electronic gift cards as “hidden channels” for bribery. Notably, these forms of payment, often stored in “cold storage” devices, offer a convenient means for transporting funds abroad, the academic claimed. This development aligns with recent warnings from state agencies, including the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, cautioning against the use of stablecoin Tether in yuan-related foreign exchange transactions, deeming such actions illegal. Anonymity and traceability concernsProfessor Mo Hongxian from Wuhan University Law School explicitly mentioned Bitcoin, highlighting the challenges associated with virtual currencies, such as their anonymity and difficulty in traceability, which can facilitate illegal activities. Despite lacking official recognition in China, Professor Hongxian stressed the need for judicial attention to transactions involving virtual currencies. Although China maintains a cryptocurrency ban, it actively explores blockchain technology for identity verification. The country’s central bank digital currency, e-CNY, still in the pilot stage, has witnessed significant development. Despite its limited geographic distribution, the digital yuan recorded transactions totaling nearly $250 billion in China as of June 2023, with international use noted in commodities sales. Varying degrees of enforcementChina has demonstrated that it can at times take a very hard line on restricting cryptocurrency trading and related activities, while at others, it seems to tolerate such activity or turn a blind eye. Last month China’s Supreme Procuratorate provided details on the nature of the prosecution of over-the-counter (OTC) crypto trader and RenrenBit founder, Zhao Dong. Zhao was handed down a seven year sentence for carrying out illicit crypto business operations. By contrast, an investigation carried out by the Wall Street Journal last year found that business has been thriving for the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange Binance in China, despite the ban. Other crypto-related activity has been uncovered, flouting capital controls. BitMEX founder Arthur Hayes suggested recently that all wealthy Chinese individuals have access to banking in Hong Kong, allowing them to access, trade and use cryptocurrency. As part of the CCP’s intensified anti-corruption efforts, the focus on cryptocurrency’s potential role in financial crimes underscores the evolving landscape as use of digital currency unfolds. The Legal Daily article emphasizes the need for vigilance and regulatory measures to counteract the perceived threat of corruption facilitated by cryptocurrencies and electronic payment methods.  

Shanghai Court Recognizes Unique Traits of BitcoinThe Shanghai Second Intermediate People’s Court has added a layer of legitimacy to Bitcoin despite China’s prevailing anti-crypto stance.In a recently published report, the court recognized digital currencies such as Bitcoin as being unique and non-replicable. It went further still in singling out Bitcoin as being distinct from the thousands of other cryptocurrencies that are currently in existence.Photo by Zhou Xian on UnsplashSun chimes inThe significance of this development has caught the attention of Justin Sun, the Founder of the TRON blockchain network, who took to the X social media platform (formerly Twitter) to share insights from the report. Sun wrote:”The Second Intermediate People’s Court of Shanghai believes that with the development of internet technology, digital currencies represented by Bitcoin possess uniqueness and non-replicability.”Legal attributesDelving deeper into the report’s content, it becomes evident that the court was engaging in a discussion about the legal attributes of Bitcoin and how judicial decisions should be approached in cases involving cryptocurrencies.One striking aspect of the report is how it acknowledges the usage of cryptocurrencies in illegal financial activities, such as illicit fundraising. In this instance, the court has indirectly acknowledged the financial nature of cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, despite the fact that a ban has been in place on trading Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies since 2021.That said, the report also notes that due to the regulatory stance on cryptocurrencies, the legal attributes of digital currencies remain ambiguous, creating challenges in their judicial handling. Despite some courts attempting to disregard the “monetary” and “property” attributes of digital currencies, these efforts have proved unsuccessful.Inherent characteristicsRegarding the monetary attribute, the courts still identify the sale price of digital currencies in their judgments. When it comes to property attributes, these courts struggle to ignore the inherent property value presented by digital currencies during legal proceedings.While acknowledging Bitcoin’s decentralized nature and lack of centralized control, the article still underscores its “major functions of currency,” such as scalability, circulation, storage, and means of payment, making it a global currency.Future implicationsThe legal opinion expressed by the Shanghai court provides a notable boost to the legitimacy of Bitcoin and other digital currencies. It asserts that these tokens undeniably possess value, even if the People’s Bank of China chooses not to formally recognize them.Moreover, the court’s inclination toward classifying cryptocurrencies as personal property aligns with another report from the Chinese courts as well as rulings in other jurisdictions, such as Singapore. Similarly the Shanghai court acknowledges that Bitcoin can be acquired through various means, including mining, inheritance, and buying and selling.The court’s recognition of the enduring value of cryptocurrencies echoes the sentiment that value is a collective human judgment. In this respect, the Shanghai court’s perspective aligns with the reality that many Chinese citizens continue to use digital currencies as a medium of exchange despite the existing ban.The Shanghai court’s unintentional validation of Bitcoin’s unique attributes and value may have broader implications for the legal status and recognition of cryptocurrencies in China and beyond. This latest development could contribute to a more nuanced approach to cryptocurrency regulation and legal interpretation in the future.