Crypto emerges as topic in Indonesian election campaign

Hong Kong Authorities Block Access to JPEX Amid Ongoing InvestigationDubai-headquartered crypto exchange JPEX has been under intense scrutiny in Hong Kong over the course of the past week due to issues experienced by Hong Kong users in withdrawing funds from the platform. In the most recent twist to the saga, authorities in the Chinese autonomous territory have now blocked access to the JPEX website and mobile application.Photo by Tao Yuan on UnsplashCutting off service accessThe firm published a statement on Wednesday, outlining this latest sanction, while protesting that the move had been unreasonable. It appears that the authorities requested local telecommunications providers to block access to the company’s online platform.The measure follows ongoing enforcement actions initiated by local law enforcement agencies, which have led to the detention of at least 11 individuals and the seizure of assets related to the case. The scandal has also had implications for the crypto sector as a whole, as local regulators are now looking once more at regulation and determining if there’s a need to tighten regulatory measures as a consequence of JPEX’s failings in Hong Kong.VPN recommendationIn its statement, JPEX stated:“Since September 13, 2023, the SFC [Securities and Futures Commission] has suddenly made a series of accusations against our platform’s operating model and promotional methods, which we vehemently resent as they were made without investigation or review.”In response to the blocking of their platform, JPEX has encouraged users to utilize virtual private network (VPN) services to access their services. The exchange sought to reassure its user base, stating: “Here, we strongly reiterate that, even in the face of such oppression and unfair treatment, our platform will continue to operate as usual. Users can log into our mobile application or operate on our web version using VPN applications like Surfshark.”The investigation into JPEX was initiated following warnings from the SFC regarding false or misleading statements made on social media by crypto influencers and the trading platform relative to a trading license application.On Sunday, JPEX announced that it had suspended certain operations and increased withdrawal fees due to an ongoing liquidity crisis, triggering an influx of complaints from users. As of Monday night, the police had received a total of 1,641 complaints, with claims amounting to approximately HK$1.19 billion ($152 million) in assets involved, as revealed during a police briefing on Tuesday.DAO Stakeholders Dividend PlanIn response to these developments, JPEX unveiled plans for a “DAO Stakeholders Dividend Plan.” Under this initiative, JPEX users will have the opportunity to convert their assets on the platform into DAO stakeholder dividends at a 1:1 ratio.The exchange intends to distribute 49% of the DAO Stakeholder dividends, with an estimated total value of approximately 400,000,000 USDT available for subscription and conversion. Additionally, JPEX plans to offer repurchase options one year and two years after the program’s launch.New users who subscribe to the DAO stakeholder dividends will enjoy double payouts, and they will not be required to bear all the operational responsibilities of the platform. This move is seen as an attempt by JPEX to address the concerns of its user base and navigate the challenges it currently faces.The situation surrounding JPEX remains fluid, with ongoing investigations and regulatory actions continuing to unfold.

AsiaNext, a Singapore-based institutional digital asset trading venue, has officially rolled out its cryptocurrency derivatives trading platform.Photo by Kirill Petropavlov on UnsplashWintermute and B2C2 collaborationsThe launch involves notable trading members such as Wintermute and London-headquartered liquidity provider B2C2. B2C2 is a subsidiary company of Japanese financial services conglomerate SBI Holdings. SBI acquired the company in August of last year with B2C2 expressing the view that the acquisition would represent an opportunity for the company to broaden its client base. SBI partnered with Swiss financial infrastructure firm Six Group in a joint venture to establish AsiaNext back in 2020 with a view towards driving institutional digital asset liquidity. Meanwhile, Wintermute’s involvement with AsiaNext in this instance follows its move in 2023 to expand its Singapore base, where it conducts its derivatives business. In November, Wintermute Asia conducted its first-ever options block trade through the CME Group, one of the world’s leading derivatives marketplaces. Wintermute's Founder & CEO, Evgeny Gaevoy, highlighted the significance of the partnership with AsiaNext in the context of traditional financial institutions seeking alternative exposure to digital assets. Gaevoy stated: "Partnering with AsiaNext enables us to elevate our derivatives offering, positioning Wintermute in the foreground of the expanding digital asset ecosystem." The AsiaNext platform asserts that it provides enhanced risk management with reduced counterparty and settlement risk. Additionally, AsiaNext offers capital efficiencies through intraday margining and settlement processes, supporting high-frequency trading and ensuring availability 24/7 for crypto derivatives trading. Chong Kok Kee, CEO of AsiaNext, emphasized the platform's commitment to providing a secure environment for institutional investors to explore digital assets in the region. By prioritizing regulation and rigorous governance, AsiaNext aims to establish itself as a trusted venue for exposure to digital assets. B2C2 CEO Thomas Restout commented on the positive nature of the collaboration. He stated:”We’ve witnessed [AsiaNext’s] unwavering commitment to governance and risk management, alongside their focus on aligning closely with our needs. This instills a high level of confidence in our partnership. Being at the forefront of digital asset adoption, we are pleased to provide liquidity on the venue through our collaboration.” Licensing approvalsIt's worth noting that AsiaNext obtained a Recognized Market Operator (RMO) license from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) in September. However, this license specifically pertains to tokenized securities, and as such, the crypto derivatives trading operates through a separate subsidiary. In June the company had acquired in-principle approval for a Capital Markets Services (CMS) license. On the digital securities front, SIX Digital Exchange (SDX) and Osaka Digital Exchange (ODX), operated by SIX and SBI respectively, play key roles in secondary markets, showcasing the partners' commitment to advancing regulated digital securities markets. Launched in late 2021, SDX was the world's first regulated digital securities market. SBI followed suit with the recent launch of ODX on Christmas Day. The anticipated approval of the first U.S. spot bitcoin ETFs adds a timely dimension to the launch, potentially driving increased demand for hedging strategies in the market. 

Indonesia witnessed a striking decline in cryptocurrency tax revenue for the year 2023, according to local media. 63% decreaseA report by Indonesian business and financial publication Kontan detailed a tax take drop to $31.7 million (Indonesian rupiah 467.27 billion). That tax collection is in sharp contrast to the partial collection period in 2022 when the crypto tax regime was initially introduced. It represents a drop of around 63%. The decline is part of a broader tax reform targeting the "digital economy" implemented in 2022, with the Indonesian government expressing the expectation that the reform would enhance tax collection, fostering a "healthy and fair taxation system."Photo by Nick Agus Arya on UnsplashDeclining transaction volumesDespite bitcoin's impressive surge of approximately 160% throughout 2023, the dip in crypto tax revenue was notable. The decrease is closely tied to a drop in transaction volumes over the same period compared to 2022. A report by CoinDesk Indonesia last week put that trading volume decrease at around 60%. Crypto transactions in Indonesia face dual taxation – a 0.1% income tax and a 0.11% value-added tax (VAT). Additionally, local crypto exchanges are subject to a special tax of approximately 0.04%, contributing to the national digital asset bourse. Disadvantaging local exchangesLocal exchanges in Indonesia, including prominent ones like Indodax, have voiced discontent with the high tax rates, contending that these levies are driving users towards unregulated offshore exchanges. Earlier this month Indodax CEO Oscar Darmawan called on the Indonesian government to review crypto tax rates. Darmawan highlighted that the cumulative taxes on crypto transactions often surpass the trading fees paid by users, posing a risk of users seeking more cost-effective alternatives. Local exchanges suggest that crypto transactions should only be subject to income tax, eliminating the VAT component. This proposal comes as Indonesia's Financial Services Authority (OJK) prepares to implement cryptocurrency regulations in early 2025. The aim is to align the taxation of cryptocurrencies with their market nature, possibly redefining them more as securities than commodities. Inadequate tax regulation can lead to a decline in local market activities, potentially resulting in capital flight to more favorable jurisdictions. Indonesia's situation serves as a reminder of the crucial need for policies that understand and adapt to the dynamic nature of the cryptocurrency sector. India is being similarly challenged. Local exchanges there have also complained of punitive taxation, which resulted in Indian users migrating to offshore exchanges. That scenario led indigenous exchanges to lobby the government to take action. The authorities have duly acted, flagging a number of global exchanges for operating illegally within India. It’s not all bad news for the development of digital assets within Indonesia. The country still ranks highly in terms of crypto adoption within the Asian region. Crypto was also floated as an election issue recently by Gibran Rakabuming Raka, a vice-presidential candidate in the upcoming election. The politician expressed his commitment to accelerating the country's position as a leader in the digital revolution.