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Cronos Labs launches zkEVM chain testnet

Web3 & Enterprise·December 15, 2023, 2:04 AM

Cronos Labs, the developer behind the Cronos blockchain ecosystem, is charting a new path in the blockchain space by launching a zkEVM chain.

 

From Cosmos to Ethereum

The Cronos zkEVM chain is being launched in the first instance as a test network. The layer-2 blockchain will rely upon ZK Stack, the software kit developed by Matter Labs. In this way, the project will be extending its scaling roadmap from Cosmos to Ethereum. As Matter Lab’s SVP of Business and Operations, Marco Cora put it:

“When we introduced the ZK Stack, we opened up the door for anyone wanting to build on top of Ethereum to do so by deploying hyperchains. Whether you’re building a specialized Rollup or a general purpose one, hyperchains allow you to tap into Ethereum’s extensive userbase base and liquidity while preserving its robust security and decentralization.”

The journey began with the creation of the first chain in the Cronos ecosystem — a Cosmos appchain developed in collaboration with Singapore-headquartered crypto platform Crypto.com and launched in 2021. Subsequently, Cronos introduced an EVM-compatible chain in 2022, built using the Cosmos SDK. Notably, these new endeavors complement, rather than replace, the earlier established chains.

Photo by Kanchanara on Unsplash

 

The product of collaborative efforts

A significant development in Cronos’ evolution is the introduction of zkEVM, a result of collaborative efforts involving Cronos Labs, Matter Labs and engineering teams from stakeholders Crypto.com and existing dApp developers. The zkEVM testnet is a breakthrough, utilizing Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet and incorporating zkSync’s open-source prover, Boojum — a STARK-based zero-knowledge proof system known for its efficiency in the layer-2 rollup space, with low hardware requirements and fees.

The decision to launch a native Ethereum chain stemmed from challenges in bridging EVM chains and bridging between Cosmos and Ethereum, according to Ken Timsit, Managing Director at Cronos. Timsit emphasized the richness and robustness of the Ethereum developer ecosystem for building DeFi and NFT applications.

 

Native account abstraction

Hyperchains within the ZK Stack share components, including a native bridge to the Ethereum mainnet and zkSync’s trustless bridging mechanism, ensuring assets remain secured by Ethereum. The implementation of zkSync’s native account abstraction allows transaction fee payments in various cryptocurrencies, including Cronos’ native token (CRO).

Cronos’ zkEVM is anticipated to progress to the mainnet in the second quarter of 2024, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of hyperchains.

The landscape of hyperchains is expanding, with projects like GRVT and Tradable utilizing the ZK Stack. GRVT, a derivatives exchange, and Tradable, a tech firm focused on bringing private credit on-chain, exemplify the diversity and specialization within this emerging sector. Tradable aims to establish an institutional-focused hyperchain, potentially forming a decentralized chain alongside other institutional partners.

Matter Labs views the zkSync hyperchain as a superior option compared to app-specific chains in Cosmos, emphasizing the scalability and security benefits. Hyperchains, a potential alternative to private blockchain frameworks like Hyperledger or Corda, offer technical scalability with the benefits of Ethereum. However, practical scalability remains a challenge due to cost considerations and the social coordination problem.

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Policy & Regulation·

Feb 01, 2024

Floki Inu acts in response to Hong Kong SFC's warning

Meme coin project Floki Inu has implemented restrictions on users in Hong Kong from accessing its staking programs following a warning from the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC). Last week, the regulatory body labeled Floki's staking initiatives as "suspicious investment products'' and urged caution among investors. On Jan. 26, it specifically cautioned Hong Kong users about the Floki and TokenFi staking programs, emphasizing the promised annualized returns ranging from 30% to over 100%. The Commission expressed concern over investment products that make claims of returns deemed "too good to be true."Photo by Jie Yeu Teoh on UnsplashStaking program access block in Hong KongResponding to the SFC's warning, Floki Inu took proactive steps to prevent users in Hong Kong from participating in its staking programs. In an official blog post which was published on Tuesday, the project's team announced the implementation of "practical measures" to block Hong Kong-based users from joining the staking programs. Additionally, prominent warnings have been placed on the Floki and TokenFi staking websites, clearly stating the ineligibility of Hong Kong users to participate. The SFC emphasized that neither of the mentioned investment products holds authorization in Hong Kong, warning that unauthorized schemes provide limited to no protection under its Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO). Investors engaging in such unauthorized schemes may face the risk of losing their entire investments. Addressing regulatory concernsFloki Inu's team has responded to the regulatory concerns by actively collaborating with legal advisers to address potential regulatory issues associated with the staking project. The team committed to responsible community practices, while affirming its dedication to implementing measures to prevent Hong Kong users from participating in the staking program until regulatory concerns are resolved. As of Jan. 29, there is no record of Hong Kong users joining the staking programs, according to the Floki team. Furthermore, the team revealed that offline marketing activities in Hong Kong had already been halted before the project's launch in December 2023. Clarifying high yieldAddressing the SFC's primary concern regarding the high annual percentage yield (APY), the Floki team provided explanations. They clarified that the rewards are subject to volatility influenced by market dynamics and the value of staking rewards may fluctuate based on the market valuation of the token rewards. The team attributed the high APY for its staking programs to the allocation of the majority of TokenFi's token supply to token stakers, highlighting that the project had not raised venture capital funds or conducted a presale. They noted that market forces beyond their control had significantly increased the TokenFi price from its initial market cap at launch. In response to potential user confusion, the Floki team emphasized the complete decentralization of the staking programs for Floki and TokenFi, assuring users of a clear understanding of how the programs operate. They concluded by expressing their commitment to ongoing collaboration with regulatory bodies to ensure compliance and foster a responsible and transparent environment for users. Community response has been largely positive with one crypto influencer claiming: “You will not find a more legit team in #Crypto than $FLOKI. I’ve known about them for years and everyday they continue to handle themselves in the most informative, structured, and professional way.”   

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Policy & Regulation·

May 03, 2023

Korean Gov’t Encourages Discussions on Tax Imposition within the Metaverse

Korean Gov’t Encourages Discussions on Tax Imposition within the MetaverseThe South Korean government is planning to hold an open forum in August, encouraging citizens to discuss the possibility of imposing taxes within the metaverse, according to News1.New social frameworkOn Tuesday, Korea’s Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) announced the government’s plan to develop a new social framework in the digital age. To achieve this, the government will set up an open digital forum and draft a digital bill of rights.Topics to be covered in the forum include generative artificial intelligence, the metaverse, and self-driving cars.Regulation-free metaversesThe idea of imposing taxes within the metaverse has piqued the interest of cryptocurrency users. The government has reportedly decided to exempt community-based metaverses from regulations to encourage growth. This policy will enable metaverse users to provide gaming content and engage in economic activities such as trading items and distributing giveaways. However, the potential surge in economic activities in the metaverse has brought up the issue of whether tax implementation is necessary in this virtual world.Though community-based metaverses are still premature, the government acknowledges the importance of discussing potential tax imposition.While the current agenda is focused on metaverses, it remains unclear whether discussions will extend to loosening regulations for blockchain-based games.Strict gaming restrictionsCurrently, Korean law prohibits trading game items for cash to deter gambling behavior, prompting Korean game developers to publish their titles overseas first. In fact, Netmarble launched blockchain-based mobile board game Meta World: My City in regions other than Korea last month. This has led to concerns that Korea is falling behind in the global gaming industry due to strict regulations.Digital bill of rightsFollowing the open forum in August, MSIT will collaborate with other relevant government agencies, including the Culture Ministry and the Land Ministry, to draft a digital bill of rights in September.MSIT Minister Lee Jong-ho said that the government will conduct regular surveys to identify areas for improvement, assess the societal impact of technological advancements, monitor each ministry’s measures, and review public opinions.© Pexels/Nataliya Vaitkevich

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Policy & Regulation·

Jun 07, 2023

Lawsuit Sees Further Chinese Crypto TV Coverage

Lawsuit Sees Further Chinese Crypto TV CoverageChina’s state broadcaster, CCTV, rarely covers the topic of crypto but in the space of the past three weeks, it has covered the subject twice, with the latest segment covering the news of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filing a lawsuit against global crypto exchange, Binance.Photo by Paolo Chiabrando on UnsplashBad pressThe segment, which aired on CCTV, provided a brief overview of the lawsuit, stating that the SEC accused Binance, its Co-Founder Changpeng Zhao (CZ), and its American affiliate Binance.US of violating US securities laws. The report also noted that the prices of Bitcoin and Binance’s native BNB coin experienced a decline following the news.The lawsuit filed by the SEC received significant media attention due to Binance’s position as the world’s largest crypto exchange. The crypto industry in the US has been under increased scrutiny following the recent troubles faced by FTX, another major player in the market. Prosecutors have alleged that FTX engaged in fraudulent activities that harmed its users.Many blame US regulators who spent hundreds of hours with FTX executives working on projects, and US Capitol Hill politicians, 33% of whom received money from FTX, as being culpable for the FTX collapse. Despite this, it’s clear that the collapse is being leveraged to effect a clampdown on the digital assets sector.It is worth noting that the CCTV broadcast also made mention of a lawsuit filed by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) against Binance and CZ in March. This lawsuit, similar to the SEC’s, focused on the sale of crypto derivatives. It is unclear whether CCTV covered the CFTC lawsuit when it was initially filed.CCTV’s coverage of crypto-related news is rare, making this particular broadcast significant and garnering wider attention. The outcome of legal action taken by the SEC against Binance is being watched carefully as it will likely have implications for digital asset regulation going forward.Previous coverageIn a previous broadcast last month, CCTV aired a segment that featured cryptocurrencies, including the Bitcoin logo. Ironically, given the nature of this latest reporting, Binance’s CZ regarded that previous coverage as a noteworthy event. Historically, such coverage has often preceded bull runs in the crypto market. The segment showcased what appeared to be a Bitcoin ATM in Hong Kong, displaying a prominent blue Bitcoin logo and an option to “Buy Bitcoins.”NFTs were also highlighted in the segment. Many speculated that the coverage signified a softening of the stance of the Chinese authorities in relation to crypto. However, the video of the initial crypto segment was taken down from the broadcaster’s website shortly after CZ tweeted about it.Despite it not being the most positive of news, CCTV’s coverage of the Binance lawsuit and its previous segment on cryptocurrencies indicates a growing interest in the industry from mainstream media outlets. The attention from a state broadcaster like CCTV suggests that regulators and authorities in China are closely monitoring developments in the crypto space and considering their potential impact on the broader financial landscape.

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