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OCBC Bank Partners With ADDX to Launch Tokenized NoteSingapore’s longest established bank, OCBC Bank, has partnered with blockchain-centric private market investment platform, ADDX, to launch a tokenized equity-linked structured note.Tokenized equity-based productsThe product is significant in that it represents the first tokenized equity-linked structured note that the cornerstone bank has offered. That in itself gives an indication of how conventional finance will mesh with tokenized products as both the conventional finance system and digital assets space evolve over the coming years.An equity-linked note is a debt instrument, normally in the form of a bond. It’s distinct from a standard fixed income security as it’s a market-linked structured product. That means that it performs in sync with a particular equity stock, a basket of equity stocks or with an equity index.ADDX CEO Oi-Yee Choo elaborated on the product offering: “Structured products are designed to provide investors with unique risk and return characteristics that may not be available through traditional investments, and are an attractive option for investors weighing yield-generating options in the current economic climate.”Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashLeveraging tokenizationBy leveraging tokenization, the ADDX platform realizes cost savings, cutting out counterparties from the process. Additionally, tokenization allows fractionalization of assets and financial products, making a product offering accessible to all market participants. In this particular instance, the OCDC/ADDX product is restricted solely to accredited investors.Singapore-based ADDX currently lists in excess of seventy tokenized products on its platform right now. These range from commercial paper, bonds, real estate and equities or equity-based products.On those products it has collaborated with global alternative investment product specialists Investcorp and Hamilton Lane, telecommunications giant Singtel and securities broker CGS-CIMB Securities. Additionally, it has partnered with UOB, Singapore’s third largest bank, and a number of entities owned by state-owned Singaporean investing giant, Temasek.While the conventional finance world has been skeptical of digital assets and the overarching cryptocurrency and blockchain space has had its fair share of setbacks interlaced within its progression, forward-looking TradFi players are conscious of not getting left behind. That’s reflected in the comments of OCBC Bank’s Head of Global Treasury, Kenneth Lai, in relation to the ADDX partnership:”While we already have a comprehensive stable of treasury products which includes sustainability-linked interest rate swaps, cross currency swaps, structured deposits and green bonds, it is important that we continue to innovate and find new channels for our products. We are therefore pleased to be the first Singapore bank to offer an equity-linked structured note in tokenized form on ADDX. It is the first innovation resulting from a longer-term partnership with ADDX, and we are hopeful that it will lead to more diverse product offerings that are relevant and appealing to the global accredited investor base of ADDX.”Further comments by Choo suggest that the two firms have plans to broaden the partnership to encompass a greater range of products. She referred to more structured products being in the pipeline as the duo seek to exploit their combined expertise and capabilities.As it stands today, just $0.3 trillion in global assets are currently tokenized. That number is expected to grow to $16 trillion within seven years.

RAK Properties has signed a strategic agreement with Hubpay that will allow international buyers to pay for homes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using digital assets, the real estate developer said in a Sept. 1 statement on its website. Under the arrangement, customers can settle property purchases with major cryptocurrencies, including USDT, Bitcoin (BTC), and Ethereum (ETH). Payments will be processed on Hubpay’s regulated platform, converted into UAE dirhams, and transferred directly to RAK Properties’ account. The company said it will not handle digital assets directly. Instead, all transactions will be processed by Hubpay and its partners, who are licensed by Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA), to ensure compliance and transparency. The initiative is aimed at drawing new categories of overseas investors to Ras Al Khaimah, the UAE’s sixth-most populous city, including the developer’s Mina waterfront community.Photo by Precondo CA on UnsplashUAE’s crypto market expands amid rising risksThe move comes amid growing crypto activity in the UAE. A Chainalysis report last year ranked the Middle East & North Africa as the seventh-largest crypto market and noted that the UAE’s decentralized finance adoption was above the global average, citing regulatory clarity. From July 2023 to June 2024, crypto inflows to the UAE leaned heavily toward stablecoins, which represented 51.3% of value received, compared with 44.7% worldwide. Bitcoin’s share was smaller than the global average at 16.5% versus 22.3%, while altcoins and Ethereum showed little difference at 24.4% and 7.8%, respectively. At the state level, the UAE itself has emerged as a significant player. Based on Arkham’s tracking, it is the world’s fourth-largest government Bitcoin holder, with about 6,352 BTC ($703 million). In contrast to the U.S. and U.K., whose holdings largely stem from law enforcement seizures, the UAE’s reserves come from mining through Citadel Mining. The firm is majority-owned by 2PointZero under the International Holding Company (IHC), which is chaired by Sheikh Tahnoun bin Zayed al-Nahyan, the UAE’s national security adviser and a prominent member of the ruling family in Abu Dhabi. As crypto use has grown, so too have the risks. In the first half of this year, the UAE recorded the world’s largest average per-victim losses from crypto crime, with nearly $80,000 stolen per individual, according to Chainalysis. Only the U.S. came close to that figure, while Chile, India, Lithuania, Japan, Iran, Israel, Norway, and Germany rounded out the global top ten. Harmonizing crypto rulesAmid a shifting crypto landscape, regulatory structures in the UAE are continuing to evolve. At the federal level, the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) supervises virtual asset services, while the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE) oversees payment tokens. The Dubai International Financial Centre and the Abu Dhabi Global Market operate their own frameworks. Last month, the SCA and VARA introduced a cooperation framework to harmonize oversight and allow mutual recognition of licenses, though the system stops short of automatic passporting in order to preserve national security controls. In related developments, the National Bank of Ras Al Khaimah (RAKBANK) became the first bank in the UAE to partner with Bitpanda Technology Solutions, a Vienna-based crypto exchange and digital assets infrastructure provider. The partnership, which builds on earlier work exploring the issuance of digital payment tokens, is expected to give RAKBANK customers access to a variety of crypto use cases. 

Bank of Japan Publishes Results of CBDC PoCThe Bank of Japan (BoJ) recently concluded the second phase of its central bank digital currency (CBDC) proof of concept (PoC) project, which began in April. The results of this phase were published on Monday, and they shed light on key aspects such as the comparison between account-based and token-based CBDCs and the management of holding limits for users with multiple accounts.Photo by Manuel Cosentino on UnsplashToken-based CBDCsThe experiments conducted by the central bank covered a wide range of topics. Among the most intriguing findings were the advantages and disadvantages of token-based CBDCs and how to effectively impose holding limits for users with multiple CBDC balances.Token-based CBDCs have garnered interest from various central banks, with some adopting the UTXO token model used by Bitcoin without the use of a distributed ledger. A UTXO or unspent transaction output, defines where a blockchain transaction starts and finishes. The Bank of Japan explored this model and analyzed its pros and cons.In the initial proof of concept, both account-based and token-based CBDCs were examined, considering scenarios where the central bank managed the ledger or shared it with intermediaries like banks. In the token-based model, fixed token denominations were used, similar to physical cash in countries like India, and a centralized ledger was employed. However, in the recent phase, the central bank utilized flexible value tokens similar to UTXO and shared ledger functions with intermediaries.The Bank of Japan favored the flexible value token model due to its ability to handle multiple requests simultaneously. However, it acknowledged that this model may require more technical resources compared to the account-based approach. Challenges may arise when implementing additional functions, such as holding limits, while maintaining optimal performance. The European Central Bank (ECB) also noted in a recent report that most payment providers are accustomed to account-based payments and would incur costs to adapt to token-based systems.Another significant aspect explored by the BoJ was how to impose holding limits when users have multiple CBDC balances through different intermediaries. The challenge lies in determining if the overall holding limit has been breached without compromising user privacy.Homomorphic encryptionOne possible solution discussed in the report is the use of homomorphic encryption, which enables computations to be performed on encrypted data without it first needing to be decrypted. That allows for the necessary checks without intermediaries accessing the specific data being checked. Although this solution may slightly increase processing time, it could introduce a higher risk of data inconsistencies.Alternatively, a simpler approach proposed by the central bank is to establish a per-account holding limit and a limit on the number of accounts a single user can hold, rather than imposing global limits. Ideally, users with multiple accounts would have a higher per-account holding limit compared to those with fewer accounts.Phase 3 underwayWith the next pilot phase already underway, the BoJ aims to test the end-to-end process flow and identify challenges related to integrating with external systems. Additionally, they are creating a CBDC Forum to gather input from the private sector, ensuring a collaborative approach to CBDC development.While investigation and research into CBDCs continues, the BoJ has said that it will make a final decision on CBDC implementation by 2026.