MANTRA sets sights on real-world asset tokenization in Middle East and Asia

India is strategically navigating the development of its digital rupee, with the Reserve Bank (RBI) actively addressing privacy concerns through technological solutions in its central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot programs. According to a recent report by CoinDesk, a senior official with insights into these initiatives revealed that while progress is evident, the RBI is proactively exploring ways to ensure privacy in the use of the digital rupee.Photo by Julian Yu on UnsplashPursuing mechanisms to maintain anonymityThe RBI has introduced a new dimension to the discourse on privacy concerns associated with CBDC usage. The central bank official suggested that the RBI may seek legal backing from India’s finance ministry to enact legislation allowing customers to delete transactions for the purpose of maintaining anonymity. New-found urgencyPublic statements from the RBI suggested a lack of urgency in implementing a full-scale retail CBDC, coupled with a reluctance to provide a specific timeline. However, recent events indicate that an underlying sense of urgency may be emerging. In the past month, the retail CBDC achieved a notable milestone, processing one million transactions in a single day, with support from various banks. Several banks, including HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, Canara Bank, IDFC First Bank and Union Bank of India, reportedly encouraged their employees to deposit funds in CBDC instead of fiat currency, contributing to this achievement. The official overseeing the CBDC development emphasized the necessity for experimentation and substantial efforts to ensure the security of the digital currency. While the settlement aspect is considered straightforward, addressing latency remains a priority for the RBI. No mandate on taxThe RBI, historically known for its opposition to crypto both domestically and globally, clarified that crypto taxation is not within its mandate. This clarification suggests that the RBI might not object if the Indian government decides to reduce the stringent taxes currently imposed on cryptocurrencies. The central bank clarified that it lacks the mandate to express a viewpoint on reducing a contentious tax that has stirred debate within the crypto industry. The RBI has been a driving force behind the adoption of wholesale and retail CBDC since late 2022 when it initiated pilot programs. The official emphasized that taxation matters fall under the government’s purview, reinforcing the RBI’s focus on its designated responsibilities. Similarly, the country’s judiciary recently turned down a plea to have it formulate a crypto regulatory framework, outlining that this too is up to the government to address. The central bank has a historical context of attempting to ban cryptocurrencies, with effective prohibitions in place between 2018 and 2020 until a Supreme Court order overturned the ban. Since then, the RBI has consistently expressed concerns about cryptocurrencies in various forums, including the Group of 20, where India played a leading role in coordinating global regulation in the crypto space. Recent utterances from the RBI governor, Shaktikanta Das, suggest that the regulator is disinterested in seeing the offering of spot crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in India despite that eventuality coming to pass last month in the United States. Das also spoke positively recently about the tokenization of real-world assets using blockchain technology.

Leading crypto exchange platform OKX has disclosed plans to discontinue its mining pool services, marking a strategic shift for the platform.Photo by engin akyurt on UnsplashService shutdown within one monthThe move, outlined by the firm in a notification to platform users on Friday, involves ceasing new user registrations effective immediately. Existing users will be granted access to the mining pool until Feb. 25. All mining pool-related services on OKX will be completely halted by Feb. 26. Mining Pools data reveals that OKX holds the 36th position among the top 70 bitcoin-focused mining pools, boasting a total hash rate slightly exceeding 496 TH/s. The decision to phase out mining pool services was attributed to "business adjustments," as communicated by OKX, though further details were not provided regarding the specific nature of these adjustments. Previously, OKX's mining pool supported various proof-of-work cryptocurrencies and offered staking services. However, over recent years, many supported assets had been terminated. Presently, the website only displays bitcoin, litecoin and ethereum classic pool services. Once accounted for 5% of all BTC blocks minedOKX's bitcoin mining pool had once accounted for around 5% of the blocks mined on the network. However, a setback occurred on October 16, 2020, when the crypto exchange temporarily suspended withdrawals due to one of its private key holders “cooperating with a public security bureau in investigations.” This led to a significant drop in hashpower connected to the pool, from 9,000 PH/s to 20 PH/s. The pool's current 528 TH/s now represents less than 0.0001% of bitcoin’s total hash rate. Industry trend formingThis strategic move by OKX reflects the evolving landscape of the crypto industry and the challenges faced by mining pools, particularly in the context of regulatory and operational adjustments within the market. The decision may even amount to a formative trend, given that global crypto exchange platform rival KuCoin made a similar move back in August. At the time, KuCoin outlined its plans to temporarily suspend its bitcoin and litecoin mining pools. Although it suggested a temporary halt to such services, there was no indication of when such mining-related services would resume. A company spokesperson stated:“We will see if it is needed to restart based on the market and users’ demand in the future.” Bitcoin halving pressuresOKX’s decision to discontinue mining pool services comes ahead of bitcoin's anticipated fourth halving in April, which is expected to reduce miner rewards from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC. The halving is casting a shadow over the mining sector. Miners' business cost per bitcoin mined is going to increase significantly. Some industry commentators speculate that the break-even point for miners will reach an unsustainable level. NASDAQ-listed Riot Blockchain, in particular, is being singled out as potentially being susceptible due to its cost structure. Miners have had a difficult couple of years, working their way through the bear market component of the last market cycle. That period saw leading miner Core Scientific declare bankruptcy. The company has since restructured and has been relisted on the NASDAQ.  

Calls for Regulation of Crypto Investment Management Firms Amidst Growing ConcernsThere have been recent calls in South Korea for crypto investment management companies to be subject to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act amidst concerns about potential regulatory blind spots negatively impacting crypto investors.Photo by Conny Schneider on UnsplashPushing for regulatory oversightKang Seong-hoo, chairman of the Korea Digital Asset Business Association (KDA) went into detail regarding the issue during a forum held by the association on Thursday to discuss the efficient use of technology and safety management in the era of the digital economy.He emphasized that dealings related to virtual asset management such as deposits, lending, and staking must be regulated by authorities under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. This is due to the fact that crypto investment management companies are not within the purview of the Act On Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information or the Virtual Asset User Protection Act, the latter of which is set to take effect next year.The Act On Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information defines financial companies as those that provide services for selling, buying, exchanging, transferring, keeping, or managing virtual assets; or act as a broker, intermediary, or agent for these services. However, there is no mention of crypto management companies.Echoes of past crypto platform controversiesThese concerns are driven by the looming possibility of another debacle like the class-action lawsuits against crypto platforms like Haru Invest or Delio arising again as a result of regulatory gray areas. Two months ago, investors had filed a legal complaint after the two lenders unexpectedly suspended customer deposits and withdrawals, claiming that they suffered around KRW 50 billion (approximately $39 million at the time of the incident) in damages as a result.Furthermore, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), a division under the Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC), recently stated in a report that virtual asset deposits, lending, and DeFi services do not fall under the obligations of the Act On Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information.“Given the context of the ongoing crypto winter since last year, the business model of virtual asset management companies, which is heavily reliant on arbitrage between exchanges, poses a high risk of incidents similar to the Haru Invest and Delio cases,” said Chairman Kang.“In order to ensure virtual asset user protection and market safety, authorities should promptly explore regulatory measures under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act for virtual asset management such as deposits, lending, staking, and the like.”