Kazakhstan pilots tenge-backed stablecoin with Solana and Mastercard

The Dubai Court of First Instance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has notched up another milestone relative to the continuing rollout of the use of and legal status of cryptocurrency by recognizing crypto as a legitimate means of payment where salaries are concerned. The groundbreaking decision, which was revealed in the court via case number 1739 of 2024, gives confirmed legal recognition to the validity of crypto as a means of payment for salaries, which may be stipulated in an employment contract.Photo by David Rodrigo on UnsplashRuling reflecting a progressive approach to cryptoThe outcome hit the radar of a number of crypto-centric UAE-based lawyers, with Web3 lawyer Irina Heaver, a partner at NeosLegal, pointing out that the decision marks a shift from previous relevant case law in the UAE in 2023 when a similar set of circumstances led to crypto not being recognized for the purposes of salary payment. Commenting on the ruling of that previous case, she stated: “This decision reflected a traditional viewpoint, emphasizing the need for concrete evidence when dealing with unconventional payment forms.” Ecowatt (EWT) tokensIn this latest case, the circumstances revolved around a dispute whereby an employee claimed for unpaid salary, termination compensation and further benefits. The employee’s contract of employment outlined a payment in both fiat currency, alongside 5,250 Ecowatt (EWT) tokens.  Ecowatt is a renewable energy blockchain project which claims to serve a purpose in reducing carbon impact on a global basis through the tokenization of green energy. It was the failure of the employer to pay out the tokenized portion of the employee’s salary that led to the dispute and the subsequent lawsuit. The court ultimately sided with the employee, agreeing that the employer must fulfill its contractual obligation and pay out the remainder of the employee’s salary and benefits in Ecowatt tokens. The judgement stated: “As the respondent did not provide evidence of payment in EcoWatt tokens, the court orders the respondent to pay the claimant the value of her wages in EcoWatt tokens.” In weighing up this latest adjudication, Heaver concludes that the move is congruent with the progressive approach that is being taken to digital assets within the UAE. “This decision reflects a broader acceptance of cryptocurrency in employment contracts and highlights the court’s recognition of the evolving nature of financial transactions within the Web3 economy,” she stated. Mahmoud Abuwasel, partner at Wasel & Wasel, an international firm with a presence in Abu Dhabi, also noted the relevance of the ruling, posting on the matter on legal update database, Lexology.  Greater legal clarityLittle by little, greater clarity is emerging in jurisdictions worldwide with regard to the status of cryptocurrency and digital assets within the context of international legal systems. In 2023, a Chinese court recognized virtual assets as legal property, affirming the legal status of virtual assets as protected property under Chinese law.Earlier in 2023, the courts in the Chinese autonomous territory of Hong Kong determined cryptocurrency to be property “capable of being held in trust.” Not all decisions have been positive however, with a Singaporean court determining in April 2023 that crypto is not money, albeit that the judge did acknowledge that the matter would require a more detailed examination of evidence in another court. 

Israel Doubles Down on Blocking Crypto Funding of HamasIn a move to disrupt the flow of funds to Hamas, Israeli authorities have ordered the closure of over 100 cryptocurrency accounts on Binance, the world’s largest crypto exchange.Photo by Leonid Altman on PexelsHeightened monitoring of crypto-related financingIsraeli authorities were already monitoring crypto accounts suspected of terrorism financing before the recent attack by the Palestinian militant group Hamas. Since then, they have requested information about hundreds of accounts on Binance, suggesting that the scale of their actions has grown significantly since October 7.A statement from Israeli police last week outlined that they had frozen crypto accounts related to financing of Hamas. According to a report on Tuesday by the Financial Times (FT), the Israeli authorities have taken matters further still, having closed more than one hundred accounts on Binance.Scrutinizing 200 additional accountsSources cited by the FT as being close to the situation have revealed that these actions were initiated in response to Hamas’s assault on October 7. Authorities have also sought information on approximately 200 additional crypto accounts, with most of them being held on Binance. While Binance has acknowledged blocking a “small number” of accounts since the summer, it emphasized its adherence to internationally recognized sanctions rules and declined to provide further comment.Governments and regulators have long expressed concerns that terrorist organizations might exploit lightly regulated crypto markets for financial transactions. However, the recent attacks on Israel and the subsequent crypto-based fundraising campaigns by Hamas have made these concerns more pressing.Tom Alexandrovich, the Executive Director at the Israel National Cyber Directorate, stated that cryptocurrency has become a major tool for terror financing during these times of conflict. He noted that the amount of crypto funds involved has significantly increased since the start of the attack.Tether freezes accountsTether, the issuer of leading US dollar stablecoin USDT, announced on Monday that it had frozen 32 addresses containing more than $873,000 due to their alleged links to “terrorism and warfare” in Israel and Ukraine. The exact timing of when these accounts were blocked and the distribution of assets between Israel and Ukraine were not disclosed.Notably, US financial regulators previously alleged that money held on Binance had ties to Hamas. A lawsuit by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) in the United States in March claimed that senior Binance executives had knowledge of “Hamas transactions” in 2019. Binance has refuted these allegations and expressed its intent to contest the lawsuit.Commentators within the crypto space fear that opponents of the development of crypto, like US Senator Elizabeth Warren, will try to capitalize on this issue by using the opportunity to further draconian regulation.Over the past two years, Israeli authorities have seized millions of shekels from crypto accounts with suspected ties to Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East. A recent analysis by Elliptic found that crypto wallets associated with various suspicious Middle East groups have interacted and relied on the same crypto exchange services to convert crypto into sovereign currencies.

Hong Kong-based blockchain gaming and venture capital firm Animoca Brands has revealed a positive set of financial results in a recently published report.  In an investor update published to its website on March 5, the firm revealed key unaudited financials and business highlights for Q4 2024 and the previous 12 months ending on Dec. 31, 2024. Whereas other sectors report actual revenue figures, the gaming sector relies upon “bookings,” a measure of total sales and income generating activity of the company. The firm reported bookings of $314 million for last year. Compared with 2023, when Animoca reported bookings of $280 million, the firm has achieved a year-on-year increase of 12%.Photo by Lukas on PexelsAdvisory business growthThe company broke that financial measure down further, indicating that of the $314 million in sales and other income-generating activity, its Digital Asset Advisory (DAA) business accounted for $165 million of the overall amount. This disclosure is notable given that it represents a 116% increase, demonstrating a considerable growth in the firm’s advisory business and a diversification of its revenue streams. Animoca’s DAA business offers Web3 projects access to token advisory, and more specifically, consultation regarding tokenomics, marketing and listing. The business also consults in relation to node operation and trading services. Given that the company reported that bookings related to Web3 businesses weighed in at $110 million, Animoca’s advisory business has overtaken the contribution made by its Web3 businesses.  Contributing Web3 businessesAmong the Web3 businesses that made the greatest contributions were The Sandbox, Moca Network, Anichess, Gamee, nWay, Open Campus, TinyTap, Animoca Brands Japan, Eden Games, Blowfish Studios, Pixowl and Crazy Defense Heroes (TOWER). Bookings also included revenue generated via portfolio investments and partnerships. The company recorded $39 million, achieved through investment activities. In discussion with Cointelegraph, Animoca Brands co-founder and executive chairman, Yat Siu, said that the positive bookings numbers were a consequence of the firm’s ongoing efforts to innovate. He stated: “In 2024, we placed less emphasis on the US market, owing to various regulatory struggles experienced by other companies, and we also became more focused on providing support to the companies in our portfolio.” Animoca’s balance sheet holdings were robust in 2024, with $293 million in stablecoins and cash and $538 million in digital assets. Additionally, $538 million in off-balance sheet token reserves was reported. Stablecoin initiativeThe firm has developed a particular interest in the stablecoin sector through a partnership with British multinational financial services firm Standard Chartered and telecommunications firm HKT. That initiative involves the formation of a joint venture company which will go forward to issue a Hong Kong dollar (HKD)-backed stablecoin once a license has been secured from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA). Siu identified real-world asset (RWA) tokenization as another growth area for the company. The Animoca Brands co-founder outlined that he expects the firm to record further growth as 2025 progresses. Notwithstanding that, he warned that such expectations may be affected by adverse economic developments and risks, including the tariffs policy being pursued by U.S. President Donald Trump.