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a16z establishes Seoul presence as Asia’s retail crypto market evolves

Web3 & Enterprise·December 12, 2025, 8:31 AM

Andreessen Horowitz is deepening its bet on Asia’s retail crypto boom, even as trading on South Korea’s largest exchanges has cooled from last year’s peaks.

 

The firm’s crypto arm, a16z crypto, said in a press release that it has opened its first Asia office in Seoul, citing South Korea’s high level of retail participation. Nearly one in three South Korean adults owns cryptocurrency, exceeding the share of stock investors, according to the firm. The move comes as the broader Asia-Pacific region cements its role as a hub of grassroots crypto activity, a trend highlighted in Chainalysis’ 2025 Global Crypto Adoption Index.

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Altcoin-heavy retail market

South Korea has been a major contributor to that growth. Bloomberg reported in October that digital assets have increasingly become a long-term savings vehicle for many South Koreans, particularly those trying to purchase homes. Trading on local platforms remains heavily skewed toward higher-risk altcoins, which account for more than 80% of total volume across domestic exchanges.

 

Still, overall activity has dropped sharply over the past year. A November report from Wu Blockchain said trading on Upbit, the country’s largest exchange, is down about 80% from a year earlier. The platform averaged $1.78 billion in daily volume in November 2025, compared with roughly $9 billion in December 2024. Bithumb, the second-largest exchange, saw a similar pullback, with average daily volume falling from $2.45 billion last December to about $890 million this November. Some of that retail liquidity appears to have rotated into equities, with the benchmark KOSPI index up more than 72% year-to-date.

 

Asia’s wealthy to increase crypto exposure

Even as spot volumes recede, higher–net–worth investors across the region are signaling longer-term interest. Sygnum’s APAC HNWI Report 2025, cited by Cointelegraph, found that 60% of surveyed high-net-worth individuals plan to increase their crypto exposure over the next two to five years. The report said 87% of respondents already hold digital assets; about half allocate more than 10% of their portfolios, and the average allocation is around 17%.

 

The survey included 270 participants with more than $1 million in investable assets or extensive professional investing experience, drawn from ten Asia-Pacific markets led by Singapore and including Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand. Overall, 90% of respondents said they view digital assets as important for long-term wealth preservation and legacy planning, rather than primarily as a speculative trade.

 

Anchored by the new Seoul office, a16z crypto said it plans to provide go-to-market support for portfolio companies seeking to expand in Asia, including help with distribution, partnerships and community building. The effort will be led by Park Sung-mo, whose previous roles include positions at Monad Foundation and Polygon Labs, as Head of APAC go-to-market.

 

Pakistan looks to crypto for financial modernization

Policy debates elsewhere in Asia also reflect growing interest in digital assets' economic role. At the Bitcoin MENA Conference on Dec. 9, Pakistan’s Virtual Asset Regulatory Authority chairman Bilal Bin Saqib said the country needs to move beyond conventional economic structures and leverage digital assets as a new source of momentum, according to Cointelegraph.

 

He argued that digital assets and blockchain could form part of a new financial architecture for the Global South, not merely serve speculative use cases. The country’s youth-heavy population, about 70% under age 30, was central to his view that it could take a leading position in crypto adoption. Chainalysis’ 2025 index placed Pakistan third worldwide, pointing to how policymakers in emerging markets are increasingly factoring digital assets into long-term economic strategies.

 

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Policy & Regulation·

Aug 17, 2023

Dubai Regulator Hits OPNX With $2.7M Penalty

Dubai Regulator Hits OPNX With $2.7M PenaltyCrypto bankruptcy claims trading platform OPNX and its founders have been hit with a hefty fine, imposed by Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA). The penalty, amounting to AED 10 million ($2.7 million), was levied on the newly established exchange in accordance with a notice published by the regulator on Wednesday.Photo by Agnieszka Stankiewicz on UnsplashPayment outstandingVARA’s recent announcement highlighted that the fine had been imposed in May and remains outstanding. The regulatory body disclosed that individual fines of AED 200,000 ($54,451) each were imposed on Su Zhu and Kyle Davies, the controversial founders of failed Singapore-based crypto hedge fund, Three Arrows Capital (3AC). Additionally, fines were also imposed on two other co-founders of OPNX. The penalties were attributed to failures in adhering to regulations governing marketing, advertising, and promotions.OPNX, established earlier this year by Su Zhu and Kyle Davies in collaboration with Mark Lamb and Sudhu Arumugam, positioned itself as a trading platform for crypto claims following the collapse of their Three Arrows Capital (3AC) fund last summer. The duo has since made Dubai their primary operational base.Further action“In light of the company’s unpaid fine, VARA shall determine consequential actions warranted against OPNX, which may include further fines, penalties, and/or taking any actions necessary to recover payment and definitively remedy the behavior,” stated VARA in an official statement.Dubai is making a concerted effort to nurture the development of crypto-related business, implementing various initiatives in order to bring that about. However, as part of that strategy, Dubai’s regulatory landscape for cryptocurrencies has taken a more stringent turn this year, with the introduction of a new regulatory framework mandating that companies catering to retail investors must secure full licensing from VARA.Concerns arose in February when regulatory authorities discovered that OPNX was actively seeking customers for its platform and collecting personal data without proper authorization.Formal reprimandsIn April VARA issued an investor alert, outlining that OPNX was not a regulated entity although it was operating from Dubai. Shortly afterwards, formal reprimands followed for the two 3AC founders, alongside Mark Lamb, Sudhu Arumugam, and OPNX’s CEO Leslie Lamb.Leslie Lamb, in a previous interview with Bloomberg, emphasized that OPNX had not actively marketed itself toward Dubai or the broader UAE market. She stressed the company’s full cooperation with VARA’s ongoing investigation, asserting that no regulatory guidelines had been breached.“While Kyle and I contributed the initial ideas for OPNX, Leslie is very much the CEO, and we aren’t involved in day-to-day operations,” stated Su Zhu, clarifying their roles.Despite the regulatory setback, both Su Zhu and Kyle Davies continued to promote OPNX on the X platform (formerly known as Twitter).It emerged recently that the claims trading platform has been eyeing the acquisition of failed crypto lender Hodlnaut, which is currently undergoing court-supervised restructuring in Singapore. Zhu and Davies have come in for a lot of criticism within the crypto sector, having left a long list of unpaid creditors as a consequence of the failure of 3AC. The duo recently suggested that they would contribute profits from OPNX to 3AC creditors despite the fact that they have been uncooperative with the 3AC bankruptcy process.

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Policy & Regulation·

Jun 23, 2023

Regulatory Approval Sees Crypto.com Expand Services to Spain

Regulatory Approval Sees Crypto.com Expand Services to SpainSingapore-based cryptocurrency exchange service provider Crypto.com has achieved a significant milestone by obtaining a virtual asset service provider registration from Spain’s central bank, the Bank of Spain.The company announced the achievement via a statement published to its website on Friday. This regulatory approval grants Crypto.com the opportunity to offer a wide range of crypto-focused services to customers in Spain, a country that has recently shown a positive approach towards cryptocurrencies.Photo by Pixabay on PexelsCompliance reviewIn order to secure this approval, Crypto.com underwent a thorough review of its compliance with the Anti-Money Laundering Directive and ensured adherence to other financial crime laws. This recent regulatory success in Spain comes shortly after Crypto.com acquired a major payment institution license for digital payment token services from the Monetary Authority of Singapore, further cementing its position as a trusted and compliant player in the crypto industry.Kris Marszalek, the CEO of Crypto.com, hailed the entry into the Spanish crypto market as a testament to the company’s commitment to compliance. He expressed enthusiasm about collaborating with the Bank of Spain and emphasized Crypto.com’s dedication to providing users with a comprehensive, safe, and secure crypto experience.Global licensing accumulationWith the latest regulatory approval, Crypto.com establishes itself as a regulated platform in nearly a dozen countries. In addition to Spain, the company has obtained regulatory nods in prominent jurisdictions such as Singapore, France, the United Kingdom, Dubai, South Korea, Australia, Italy, Greece, and the Cayman Islands.The journey of Crypto.com mirrors the growth trajectory of the crypto industry during the bull market of 2021–2022. Like many other crypto businesses, Crypto.com experienced remarkable expansion, forming strategic partnerships with mainstream entities and gaining regulatory approvals across multiple jurisdictions. One notable achievement was Crypto.com securing the naming rights to the renowned Staples Center in Los Angeles, a multipurpose arena that hosts a wide range of public events, including boxing and basketball competitions.Market challengesHowever, the recent bear market presented challenges for the platform. Decreased demand resulted in business difficulties, leading Crypto.com to make the strategic decision to close its institutional platform in the United States in early June.Earlier this week, the company garnered adverse publicity when it was found that it has been using an internal market maker to trade against its own customers. Despite this setback, Crypto.com remains resolute in its mission to expand its presence and offer crypto services in new markets.The regulatory approval in Spain marks a significant step forward for Crypto.com’s global expansion plans. As the crypto industry continues to evolve, regulatory compliance plays a pivotal role in building trust.The development of digital assets has proven to be imperfect. Crypto.com’s experience appears to mirror that reality. Notwithstanding the market difficulties that the firm has experienced and some occurrences that serve to blemish its record, successfully obtaining regulatory approval in Spain is still a positive step for the company in further establishing itself as a global player in the retail crypto domain.

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Web3 & Enterprise·

Apr 12, 2023

Hong Kong’s GSBN Takes Lead in Blockchain Logistics

Hong Kong’s GSBN Takes Lead in Blockchain LogisticsIn recent years, the logistics industry has seen an increase in the use of blockchain technology to streamline supply chains and provide greater transparency to customers. While some major players, like Danish firm Maersk, have terminated their blockchain-based platforms, others are bullish on the long-term potential of the technology.©Pexels/Ben CheungA blockchain-based shipping platformOne such player is the Hong Kong-based Global Shipping Business Network (GSBN), a nonprofit consortium focused on blockchain trade applications. According to a report by the South China Morning Post, GSBN operates one of the world’s largest platforms as an alternative to Maersk’s TradeLens tool. Since launching its blockchain-based shipping platform in 2021, GSBN has partnered with major shipping companies and terminal operators such as Cosco, Orient Overseas Container Line, Hapag-Lloyd, Hutchison Ports, SPG Qingdao Port, PSA International, Shanghai International Port Group, and Cosco Shipping Ports.The platform, based on a permissioned blockchain with strong data governance, allows only authorized parties to contribute and consume shipping-related data. The organization believes that blockchain is a crucial logistics tool in the long term, and its adoption may take another decade.Blockchain inevitable amid continued digitizationGSBN CEO Bertrand Chen is confident in the potential of blockchain technology, saying that global trade will not continue to rely on “pen and paper” by 2032. He believes that blockchain has the potential to help the industry transform in response to supply issues triggered by events such as COVID-19.“Because of COVID-19, because you have to change the process, I think this is one of the regular use cases of blockchain” . . . “Probably that’s better than NFTs of digital art. NFTs of documents for global trade — this will be the real killer use case.”While Chen acknowledges that China has taken the lead in blockchain logistics due to its significant investment in the industry, he believes that GSBN has global ambitions and is working to attract more European shipping lines. The nonprofit even hopes to onboard Maersk one day, but Chen admits that such a scenario “may be slightly challenging.”Emerging Web3 hubHong Kong has also emerged as a major hub for Web3 and cryptocurrency, with the local government taking action to adopt clear industry regulations. Despite a blanket ban on crypto in China, some Chinese government-related firms have reportedly been growing interested in crypto investment, with state-owned firms like insurer CPIC launching crypto-related funds in early April.Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize global trade and supply chain management, providing greater transparency and efficiency. However, widespread adoption may still be years away, and companies will need to navigate regulatory and technical challenges to fully leverage the benefits of blockchain.While some logistics firms may have terminated their blockchain-based projects, others like GSBN remain optimistic about the potential of blockchain technology in global trade. With major shipping partners and terminal operators already onboard, GSBN has a solid foundation to build on as it continues to attract more players to its platform. As the world becomes increasingly digitized, blockchain may be a crucial tool for the logistics industry to transform and adapt to new challenges.

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