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Decentralized satellite internet project Spacecoin on Sept. 2 unveiled the technical architecture of SOLAR, a communications routing protocol for satellite internet data transmission, and Lumen, a billing and settlement layer for usage fees. Unlike the conventional model in which a single telecom operator manages both data routing and fee settlement, the structure allows multiple independent operators to participate in a single network while enabling users to choose data transmission paths and verify each operator’s contribution for settlement. A Spacecoin official said, "SOLAR" creates the routes through which data travels and handles communications delivery, while "Lumen" verifies how much each operator contributed to building those routes and distributes the corresponding fees. The official added the system is designed to connect infrastructure run by different operators into a single satellite internet network without relying on a central operator for route decisions or usage-fee settlement.

Coinbase co-founder Fred Ehrsam is seeking to secure operating rights at more than three oil fields in Venezuela, Bloomberg reported, citing people familiar with the matter. The fields are currently operated by Alborada Heavy Industries, while U.S. authorities are reviewing whether to cancel the existing contract. Ehrsam has visited Venezuela several times recently and met with senior U.S. and Venezuelan officials as he explored investment opportunities in oil and gas as well as fintech and digital payments, according to Bloomberg. He has also co-founded an investment firm called Primavera for investments in Venezuela.

Taiwanese singer Jeffrey Huang, better known as Machi Big Brother, cut part of his ETH and BTC long positions as their liquidation prices drew closer, on-chain analyst EmberCN said. EmberCN said ETH was about $50 away from its liquidation price and BTC was about $1,800 away. Huang had repeatedly added to the long positions during the earlier price surge, increasing his capital from $150,000 to $11 million, but the recent pullback reduced it to about $4.5 million, EmberCN said. According to Hypurrscan data, Huang currently holds a $93.53 million ETH long and a $35.02 million BTC long.

Koscom has signed a memorandum of understanding with Hyundai Motor Securities for the use of a joint tokenized securities platform and broader business cooperation, The Asia Business Daily reported. According to Koscom on Sept. 2, the agreement was arranged to establish shared infrastructure and a service system to support tokenized securities issuance and related operations in a stable manner ahead of the rollout of the tokenized securities framework in February next year. The two sides plan to cooperate on the following: - business and system integration for the use of Koscom’s joint tokenized securities platform - identifying underlying assets and products for tokenized securities - detailing issuance and account management processes - conducting joint tests reflecting legal, regulatory, and investor protection requirements - exchanging information to help invigorate the tokenized securities market

U.S. President Donald Trump denied an ABC report that he is trying to bring Iran to the negotiating table. In a Truth Social post, Trump said he does not care whether Iran signs a deal that has no value for the United States, while claiming the U.S. now has near-complete control of the Strait of Hormuz and Iran’s economy is collapsing.

Pump, a Solana-based memecoin issuance platform, announced the launch of a limit order feature in its app. Users can preset target prices to place take-profit and stop-loss orders.

The team address for memecoin TRUMP deposited 2 million TRUMP worth $4.78 million into Binance six hours ago, EmberCN reported. The address had moved 11.01 million TRUMP worth $26.65 million to an external address yesterday.

Two coin-only crypto exchanges, Guardian Holdings and CoreDAX, were uninsured as of Aug. 14, Maeil Business TV reported, citing data South Korean lawmaker Park Sang-hyuk of the Democratic Party received from the Financial Supervisory Service on Sept. 2. Both exchanges had previously carried insurance policies providing 500 million won coverage for one year from July 19 last year, but did not renew after those policies expired. The other 26 operators had either set aside reserves internally or purchased insurance with coverage of at least 500 million won from insurers.

Uniswap (UNI), a decentralized exchange, recorded more than 7 million daily swaps for the first time, marking an all-time high, Blockworks Research’s Marc Arjoon said. The past two days were the first- and second-busiest trading days in Uniswap’s history by swap count. According to a chart Arjoon shared, swap volume topped 7 million yesterday, with most of the recent increase coming from Uniswap V3 and V4.

BTCB2, a coin on a separate chain created by changing Bitcoin’s proof-of-work algorithm from SHA-256d to BLAKE2b, was trading at about $82 on Neoxa Exchange, roughly 99.9% below BTC’s price of about $77,000 at the same time, Bitcoin News reported. According to an order book shared by Bitcoin News on X, the highest bid was $82 and the lowest ask was $190, leaving a $108 spread, or 131.7%. Ask prices went as high as $389, suggesting that in a thinly traded market, even small orders could trigger sharp price moves. Amid earlier debate over Bitcoin BIP-110, some supporters had pushed for a separate chain using the BLAKE2b proof-of-work algorithm.

Hyperliquid trader James Wynn was liquidated on a 1.86 BTC position shortly after switching a Bitcoin short to a long yesterday, according to Lookonchain. The position was worth about $147,000.

Circle’s dollar-backed stablecoin USDC had recorded $32 trillion in transfer volume through August this year, CryptoSlate reported, citing Coin Metrics. The outlet said annualizing transfer volume relative to circulating supply implies each USDC token moved an average of 741 times. It explained that repeated transactions involving the same USDC have sharply inflated transfer volume, while Circle’s revenue still depends heavily on interest from reserve assets. In the second quarter, 95.2% of revenue and reserve income came from interest on reserve assets. As a result, a key question is how much fee revenue Circle can generate from USDC activity through the public mainnet of its native blockchain Arc, which is scheduled to launch on Sept. 16.

A whale that deposited 154,300 ETH to major exchanges on Aug. 31 has sent a total of 109,806 ETH to exchanges over the past three days, EmberCN reported. The wallet currently holds 58,048 ETH, bringing the estimated total sell volume to 167,864 ETH ($406 million). If all of it is sold, the whale is expected to realize about $122 million in profit based on a purchase price of $1,700 from two years ago.

Full Sail, a Sui-based DeFi protocol, said it will gradually shut down operations following the impact of an oracle security incident. Virtue Money, one of the affected protocols, suffered losses of about $455,000, and 45 users were liquidated. Mysten Labs, the developer behind Sui, rejected Full Sail’s request for financial support. Full Sail said it will distribute the protocol’s remaining liquidity to users first and cover any shortfall on its own.

CoinMarketCap’s Altcoin Season Index stood at 23, down five points from yesterday. The index compares the price performance of Bitcoin with that of the top 100 coins by market capitalization, excluding stablecoins and wrapped coins. A reading is considered altcoin season when 75% of the top 100 coins have outperformed Bitcoin over the past 90 days, while the opposite is viewed as Bitcoin season. The closer the index is to 100, the stronger the signal for altcoin season.

U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs saw $3.54 billion in net inflows in August, the largest monthly net inflow since July last year, Galaxy Digital head of research Alex Thorn said. Even so, the products remain in net outflow territory for the year to date, with cumulative outflows of $1.7 billion. According to a Galaxy Research chart, annual net inflows totaled $35.2 billion in 2024 and $21.3 billion in 2025.

Spot CVD is an order-book analysis chart for the BTC/USDT spot trading pair. The upper panel shows the volume heatmap, while the lower panel shows cumulative volume delta, or CVD. - The volume heatmap tracks trading volume at each price level. The background color becomes brighter when the price stays in a specific range for an extended period or makes a large move. Brighter areas may act as support or resistance levels. - The CVD indicator in the lower panel reflects buy and sell orders by order size. The corresponding colored line rises as buy orders increase. The yellow line is based on orders worth $100 to $1,000, while the brown line reflects large orders worth $1 million to $10 million, among other categories.

CoinMarketCap’s in-house crypto fear and greed index came in at 73, down two points from yesterday, with the market remaining in greed territory. The index indicates extreme fear when it is closer to zero and extreme optimism when it is closer to 100. CoinMarketCap calculates the index based on price movements among the top 10 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, market volatility, derivatives-market indicators including the put/call ratio, the stablecoin supply ratio, or SSR, and CoinMarketCap’s own search data.

G20 finance ministers and central bank governors recognized that digital assets have the potential to support economic growth and pledged to create a clearer path for responsible innovation, Eleanor Terrett reported. A G20 chair statement released today by Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent also called for improvements to cross-border payments, including keeping systems open longer for banks and central banks to process large-value or urgent payments, expanding the use of ISO 20022, the common global messaging standard used by banks, and making it easier to transfer financial services data across borders.

Grayscale said in a research report that the expansion of the AI era could paradoxically drive inevitable growth in demand for Zcash, which offers strong privacy technology, CryptoPotato reported. The report said increasingly advanced AI models are making wallet address labeling more widespread and sophisticated by combining on-chain data with external information, raising the risk of deeper infringements on personal financial privacy. In that environment, Zcash offers Shielded Transactions using zero-knowledge cryptography, allowing both sender and recipient addresses as well as transaction amounts to be concealed.

Oracle price manipulation targeting DeFi lending protocols hit a record 32 incidents this year, TRM Labs said. The tactic involves artificially driving up the price of low-volume, thinly traded altcoins, then using them as collateral to borrow major cryptocurrencies up to the limit before stealing the funds and fleeing. Price manipulation now accounts for about one-eighth of all hacking attacks, up from about one-seventeenth in 2022, according to TRM Labs.

Core DAO said it has fixed a bug that allowed some validators to receive block rewards above the protocol’s intended design limits and is now coordinating an emergency hard fork to deploy the patch. Coinbase and other platforms had earlier temporarily suspended CORE deposits and withdrawals following the issue.

U.S. Central Command said it had completed airstrikes on targets linked to Iran’s Revolutionary Guard.

Hyperliquid Strategy (PURR), a listed company accumulating HYPE, has expanded its Chardan Capital Markets stock issuance facility (ChEF) to $2.5 billion from $1 billion to secure funding for additional HYPE purchases, Wu Blockchain reported.

Bitcoin recorded its heaviest trading turnover in the $62,000-$65,000 range, excluding the ultra-early $0-$1,200 period in BTC’s history, according to Unfolded. The analysis suggests the range could serve as one of the strongest future support zones for buying and selling.