Japanese Startup Drives Asian Digital Payment Network Initiative

Chinese Court Recognizes Virtual Assets as Legal PropertyAccording to a recent report published by the People’s Courts of the People’s Republic of China, a Chinese court has recognized the legal status of virtual assets, having analyzed their attributes within the framework of Chinese criminal law.The court unequivocally stated that virtual assets are considered legal property under the current legal policy framework and are thus protected by law.The People’s Courts of the People’s Republic of China exercise judicial power independently, free from interference by administrative or public organizations. They have responsibility for adjudicating civil, criminal, and administrative cases.Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashProperty classificationLocal news source Odaily News reported on the development on Friday, indicating that the report, titled “Identification of the Property Attributes of Virtual Currency and Disposal of Property Involved in the Case,” explicitly recognized the economic attributes of virtual assets, leading to their classification as property.This declaration is particularly significant in light of China’s sweeping ban on decentralized cryptocurrencies. Despite this ban, the report argues that virtual assets held by individuals should enjoy legal protection within the existing policy framework.Furthermore, the report proposed recommendations for addressing crimes involving virtual assets. It emphasized that in cases where money and property are involved, confiscation should be based on the integration of criminal and civil law. The approach taken aims to strike a balance between safeguarding personal property rights while also addressing broader social and public interests.Contentious approach to cryptoWhile China has been making every effort to promote its central bank digital currency (CBDC) and the development of blockchain and metaverse-related technology within the country, its stance on decentralized cryptocurrencies has been contentious at best.Its approach in that respect has been marked by a blanket ban on crypto-related activities such as mining and trading and the prohibition of foreign crypto exchanges from serving customers within mainland China. Nevertheless, Chinese courts have consistently taken a more nuanced view without necessarily contradicting the government’s approach.Differing interpretationsThe divergence between national policy and court rulings first emerged in 2019 when the Hangzhou Internet Court found that Bitcoin is a form of virtual property, and on that basis, it is safeguarded by the law from the point of view of property rights. In May 2022, a Shanghai court affirmed that Bitcoin qualifies as virtual property and, as such, falls under the purview of property rights.Global issueIt’s not just the Chinese courts that are grappling with the issue of clarifying property rights relative to virtual assets. In April of this year, a case in Hong Kong involving defunct crypto exchange Gatecoin resulted in the courts determining that cryptocurrency is property and that on that basis, it’s “capable of being held in trust.”In July a Singaporean court determined that cryptocurrency is capable of being held in trust and on that basis, it should be recognized as property. Earlier this year, the High Court of Justice in London recognized non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as property.The report from the People’s Court reaffirms the legal status of virtual assets as protected property under Chinese law. This development highlights the ongoing divergence between China’s regulatory policy and the judicial interpretation of virtual assets, signaling a potential evolution in the country’s approach to cryptocurrencies.

ClayStack, the crypto liquid staking platform, has made a strategic move into the Ethereum restaking arena through EigenLayer, providing users with reward points in anticipation of its upcoming token launch.Photo by Kanchanara on Unsplash‘Redefining the staking landscape’The Singaporean platform describes its mission as redefining “the staking landscape by helping users unlock the underlying value of their crypto assets, and we are doing this by building a decentralized cross-chain liquid staking protocol.” In its efforts to deliver on that mission, it appears that the crypto startup is set to convert its Ethereum liquid staking token, csETH, into a liquid restaking token, leveraging the Ethereum restaking protocol offered by EigenLayer. Eigenlayer enables restaked sidechains, through which ETH restakers can participate in Ethereum-centric consensus protocols. Reward pointsIn an announcement on Tuesday, ClayStack revealed its plan to offer reward points to users participating in Ethereum restaking, with a 1:1 ratio for redemption when the platform's token is launched. Each clay point earned will be redeemable for one clay token during the token launch. Notably, the platform distinguishes itself by offering a 1:1 redemption system, setting it apart from other points programs. Founder and CEO Mohak Agarwal explained how the project is adopting EigenLayer's protocol for this new service. Agarwal had teased that the project had something new to offer in the pipeline when taking to social media last week, writing:”We are entering into a new era where staking will become more dynamic, accessible, and rewarding for the entire DeFi community.” Currently, ClayStack accepts native ETH for direct restaking on EigenLayer. Agarwal confirmed to The Block that other liquid staking tokens, such as Lido staked ether (stETH) and Rocket Pool ether (rETH), will be integrated into the platform in the coming days. He emphasized that these tokens will be directly deposited on EigenLayer, streamlining the restaking process. Growing interest in restakingEthereum restaking has gained significant traction since EigenLayer's launch in June of the previous year, with a total value locked (TVL) in smart contracts reaching approximately $1.7 billion. Renzo Protocol recently entered the Ethereum restaking space via EigenLayer, securing a $3.2 million seed funding round. Despite being in beta, Renzo has already achieved a TVL exceeding $116 million. ClayStack's TVL currently stands at around $2.25 million, having initially launched liquid staking for Polygon's MATIC token in 2022. Following that, the platform introduced Ethereum liquid staking in September. However, the latest move marks a shift in focus towards Ethereum restaking due to challenges faced on the Polygon network. Agarwal outlined the reward structure, stating that 20 clay points will be allocated per ETH per week, with rates subject to change every Monday but generally remaining constant throughout the week. There are no minimum or maximum points for individual users, although there is a weekly total cap for all users combined, which refreshes at the beginning of each week.

BSN Foundation launches in Singapore with five global membersThe BSN Foundation, a Singapore-based organization dedicated to building global blockchain infrastructure, on Thursday officially announced its five founding members from different regions and sectors.Photo by Julien de Salaberry on UnsplashBroad representationThe founding members of the BSN Foundation include Blockdaemon, a leading institutional digital asset wallet provider; Zeeve, a Los Angeles-based blockchain infrastructure automation platform; TOKO, a Hong Kong-headquartered digital asset creation platform; GFT Technologies, a German tech firm specializing in financial services and Red Date Technology, a tech firm behind the BSN Spartan Network located in Hong Kong.Representatives from these entities gathered at the Pan Pacific Singapore on Thursday for a launch event. The BSN Foundation will act as the governing body of the BSN Spartan Network, a public infrastructure network based on open-source virtual data centers. The launch of the foundation marks a major milestone in the BSN’s global expansion and its vision to establish a decentralized public layer of the internet.In discussion with Cointelegraph, Tim Bailey, the Vice President of Global Business at Red Date Technology, stated:“The BSN Foundation launch is a vital step in our global expansion, demonstrating the international recognition and support for the BSN Spartan Network’s concept and goals.” He added:“These organizations bring expertise in areas like blockchain-as-a-service, asset tokenization, financial services, and consulting, highlighting the wide applicability and potential of the BSN Spartan Network.”Bailey emphasized that the BSN Spartan Network is designed to change the application and governance of public chain technology. “By focusing on non-cryptocurrency public chains and a decentralized governance model, we’re not just innovating in technology but also in how global collaborations can shape the future of IT infrastructure,” Bailey stated. BSN’s strategy is focused on creating a “more stable and accessible network” for businesses around the world, distancing itself from the volatility related to traditional cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.Chinese originsThe BSN Spartan Network, launched in September 2022, features a non-tradable token (NTT) issued on its default chain. Each of the network’s data centers is equipped with a single registered NTT wallet for managing and holding these tokens. NTTs can be acquired using fiat currency, selected stablecoins or through various incentive programs.The BSN Spartan Network, which originated in China as the “Blockchain-based Service Network” in early 2020, was developed with the backing of the Chinese government.“BSN was indeed originally initiated in China. However, the BSN Spartan Network, governed by the Singapore-based BSN Foundation, is distinct from the BSN Networks in mainland China,” Bailey stated. He highlighted that the BSN Spartan Network is constructed following global standards, is entirely open source and maintains independent operations from the BSN Networks present in mainland China.UDPN proof of conceptBSN, driven by Red Date Technology as its lead developer, had outlined plans to develop a universal digital payments network (UDPN) as early as 2021. That project continues to progress. Last month, it emerged that SC Ventures, the Singapore-based fintech investment subsidiary of British banking conglomerate Standard Chartered, had partnered with Deutsche Bank in a first proof of concept (POC) of the UDPN. That POC resulted in real-time transfers and swaps of synthetic USDC and EURS stablecoins between the two banks.