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Chinese authorities are gearing up for a significant amendment to the country's anti-money laundering (AML) regulations, with a specific emphasis on cryptocurrency-related transactions. Growing concerns about cryptoThe move, reported by Chinese business and financial news media outlet Jiemian on Wednesday, comes in response to growing concerns among policymakers in China about the need for heightened scrutiny within the burgeoning crypto industry. This marks the first substantial update to China's AML rules since their introduction in 2007. In 2021, China took a decisive step by imposing a comprehensive ban on cryptocurrency use, which included prohibiting offshore exchanges from offering services and putting a stop to all forms of mining. However, despite these restrictions, mainland users have managed to find avenues to access the crypto market. The upcoming amendment to AML regulations aims to introduce more stringent guidelines to address and mitigate these activities effectively. Prime Minister Li Qiang chaired an executive meeting of the State Council on Jan. 22 to deliberate on the revised AML law. The initial draft of the AML regulations was proposed in 2021. The revised version is set to become law by 2025 after being included in the legislative agenda of the State Council for 2023.Photo by Max van den Oetelaar on UnsplashDigital assets not clearly definedUrgency was stressed in addressing cryptocurrency money laundering at the legal level, as the current laws lack a clear definition of digital assets. Although the revised draft includes measures to prevent digital asset money laundering, concerns were raised about the absence of operational guidance on subsequent actions such as asset seizure, freezing, deduction and confiscation in money laundering cases involving digital assets. Experts noted that there is room for improvement in combating digital asset-related money laundering. China's existing AML law is designed not only to deter money laundering but also to protect fiscal order and combat related crimes. As a country with a deep understanding of money laundering and terrorist financing risks, China is not included in the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF) list of AML-deficient countries. However, a 2019 FATF report suggested that China should focus more on addressing the laundering of crime proceeds and expand its resources for national risk assessment. Circumventing the banDespite the formal ban on cryptocurrency circulation and mining by Chinese authorities, there are still avenues for Chinese nationals to access the digital asset ecosystem. BitMEX founder Arthur Hayes recently indicated that wealthy Chinese individuals have access to banking in Hong Kong, serving as the gateway for mainland China to global capital markets, including the cryptocurrency markets. While many crypto miners left the jurisdiction following the ban in 2021, Chinese companies account for a significant proportion of mining equipment manufacturing. Major exchanges like Binance and OKX have Chinese roots, underscoring the nation's influence in the global crypto landscape. Before the cryptocurrency trading ban in China, trading volumes on yuan-denominated crypto exchanges surpassed those of dollar pairs. As China prepares to fortify its AML regulations, the crypto industry awaits further clarity on how these changes will shape the landscape and influence the conduct of cryptocurrency-related activities within the country.  

First ever cross-border settlement achieved for gold using e-CNYThe first ever cross-border settlement for precious metals using China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital yuan or e-CNY, has been successfully completed.Photo by Jingming Pan on UnsplashA year of e-CNY firstsIn October, Chinese state-owned media reported that the Shanghai Petroleum and Natural Gas Exchange (SHPGX) had been the venue for the first ever significant settlement of an oil contract using the e-CNY. Running along a commodities theme, on Wednesday a similar transaction was carried out once again with Shanghai being the venue, relative to the purchase of gold.A transaction valued at 100 million yuan ($14 million) was facilitated by the Bank of China’s Shanghai branch through the Shanghai Financial Exchange International Board. That’s according to reports from local Chinese media outlets.The Bank of China’s Shanghai branch, a key participant in the ongoing e-CNY pilot testing, orchestrated the transfer of e-CNY CBDC settlement received from overseas for the purchase of the gold. A spokesperson for the Bank of China highlighted the strategic significance of the transaction, stating:“The account will contribute financial strength to support Shanghai’s in-depth implementation of the free trade pilot zone promotion strategy and promote the quality and upgrading of the international trade center.”Oil, gold and iron oreThis achievement follows on from the Bank of China’s Hong Kong affiliate Bank of China (Hong Kong) (BOCHK) facilitating the import of iron ore to China through the e-CNY just last week. As part of that pilot trial, Baosteel Group, a customer of the Bank of China, purchased iron ore from Bao-Trans Enterprises.Further expanding its international partnerships, China signed a $400 million memorandum on CBDC cooperation with the United Arab Emirates on Dec. 1. The move underscores China’s commitment to fostering collaboration in the development and implementation of CBDCs on a global scale.Partnering with foreign banksThe Bank of China is actively collaborating with foreign institutions, including France’s BNP Paribas, to advance the development of the digital yuan CBDC.In July, Singaporean bank DBS Bank launched an e-CNY product for mainland China-based customers. Amid relentless moves to further the use of the digital currency, British banking giant Standard Chartered joined the advanced stages of pilot trials of the CBDC in November.Chinese President Xi Jinping, recognizing the pivotal role of CBDCs in cross-border trade, emphasized their importance during an address to the July 2023 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit. Subsequently, foreign banks have joined China’s ongoing CBDC trials, and Singapore announced its decision to allow Chinese tourists to utilize e-CNY for transactions within Singapore.In a related development, the official e-CNY app received an update on Tuesday. The latest version allows users to create an e-CNY wallet using their phone number, provides options to disable the wallet in case of phone loss and enables the resetting of passwords and private keys. Users can also link their personal bank accounts and debit cards to the e-CNY wallet for seamless in-wallet purchases.

Blockchain Tech Enhances Korean Meat Industry’s Trading SystemThe Korean meat industry is leveraging blockchain technology to optimize its meat trading system.©Pexels/mali maederOn Tuesday, the MOOxMOO Foundation, a Korean blockchain-driven supply chain management provider, announced its strategic partnership with meat processing company PMD, according to the Maeil Business Newspaper.Inefficient distributionThe partnership aims to enhance the transparency of the meat trading system and address issues of inefficient intermediary distribution, particularly regarding payments, settlements, and deliveries. This goal will be achieved through the foundation’s meat trading platform MOOxDEAL, which will utilize soulbound tokens (SBTs) to verify identities of supply chain participants.Rising meat demandThe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2022–2031 stated that in 2021, world meat imports are estimated to have reached 40 million metric tons (Mt), with poultry imports leading the way. Brazil, the European Union and the United States were among the top meat exporting countries, meeting a significant portion of the increased import demand.Meat consumption is projected to grow by 15% by 2031, driven by an expected 11% increase in the global population. Global meat supply is projected to reach 377 Mt by 2031, though growth will not be as rapid as the previous decade.The amount of protein available from poultry, pork, and beef is expected to increase globally by 16%, 17%, and 8%, respectively, by 2031, with poultry being the main contributor to overall meat production growth. The majority of meat production growth is set to occur in developing regions.Costs onto consumersDespite increasing global meat production, the unsuitable distribution structure in Korea may shift costs onto consumers.Through the partnership, the MOOxMOO Foundation looks forward to addressing the inefficiencies of intermediary distribution and benefiting consumers. The foundation also envisions its platform contributing to the Korean meat industry by optimizing both business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) trading.