India Offers Suggestions in the Development of G20 Crypto Guidelines

HashKey Group, a Hong Kong-headquartered digital asset financial services firm, has partnered with Bosera Asset Management (International) Co., the Hong Kong subsidiary of Chinese asset management firm Bosera Asset Management, to launch the world’s first tokenized money market exchange-traded funds (ETFs). In a press release published by PR Newswire on behalf of HashKey Group on March 28, HashKey outlined that the two funds are titled “Bosera HKD Money Market ETF (Tokenised Class)” and ”Bosera USD Money Market ETF (Tokenised Class).”While the products were launched last Friday, they won’t officially go live until April. Both products have been approved by Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC). Photo by Vighnesh Dudani on UnsplashArising out of Project EnsembleThis latest product offering has its origins in Project Ensemble, an initiative launched by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) back in March 2024. The original aim of Project Ensemble was to support the development of the tokenization market in Hong Kong. The SFC got involved later that year, collaborating with the HKMA in the launch of a regulatory sandbox aimed at advancing the tokenization of assets in various financial sectors. In October 2024 it emerged that HashKey was participating within that sandbox, with these new products arising from those efforts. The company claims that these tokenized products improve upon what’s currently on offer via traditional finance, providing greater transparency and operational efficiency, thanks to the use of blockchain technology.  HashKey Tokenisation, the tokenization arm of the firm, takes care of full-process design and execution for tokenized issuance. Subsequently, these products will be deployed on HashKey Chain, a regulatory-compliant, institutional-grade layer-2 network geared towards bridging the gap between traditional finance and Web3. On that subject, HashKey Group Chairman and CEO Dr. Xiao Feng stated:"Bringing money market ETFs on-chain through blockchain technology is a crucial step for traditional finance to embrace Web3.” Looking towards the future, Feng added that the company expects “more traditional financial institutions to actively enter the crypto finance sector through innovative tokenisation products.”Anna Liu, CEO of HashKey Tokenisation, told the South China Morning Post (SCMP) that “the biggest advantages of this product are that the underlying assets are mature and high-quality, and it fully considers security and regulatory compliance while reducing investor costs and improving overall liquidity.” Liu added that the firm hopes that this product offering is the first of many, paving the way for subsequent tokenized real-world asset (RWA) offerings. Last month, Hong Kong-based digital asset platform OSL launched a tokenized mutual fund, the ChinaAMC HKD Digital Money Market Fund. The retail tokenized fund has been issued by China Asset Management (Hong Kong), with Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) acting as tokenization agent, digital platform operator and administrator. In the U.S., financial services company Fidelity Investments recently filed documents with the intention of rolling out a tokenized U.S. money market fund. BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, launched its tokenized money market fund, BUIDL, last year. The fund is expected to surpass a market cap of $2 billion in the coming weeks.

Indonesia's cryptocurrency regulatory body is urging the government to reconsider its tax policies concerning digital assets. Officials from Indonesia’s Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (Bappebti) argued last week that the imposition of double taxation on crypto transactions warrants a reevaluation. That’s according to a report which appeared in local news source, Bisnis Indonesia, a Jakarta-based daily newspaper. Currently, cryptocurrencies in Indonesia are classified as commodities, subjecting them to a value-added tax (VAT) of 0.11% and an income tax of 0.1%.Photo by Bisma Mahendra on UnsplashProposed changes in 2025Tirta Karma Senjaya, the head of Bappebti, the Indonesian Commodities and Futures Trading Regulatory Authority, highlighted that the classification of cryptocurrencies as commodities might undergo changes in 2025. This potential shift is due to the planned transfer of crypto oversight from Bappebti to the Southeast Asian country’s financial services authority, OJK.It had been speculated that the switch of oversight would potentially reclassify digital assets as securities. With that change would come a necessary adjustment to the applicable tax policy. Tirta suggested that given that cryptocurrencies are expected to be integrated into the financial sector by January 2025, he urged the Tax Director General to reconsider these tax rates. The regulatory body head added that it’s been over a year since the implementation of these rules. With that, tax policies typically undergo annual reviews. Accommodating crypto’s developmental stateAddressing an event in Jakarta, the regulatory body head emphasized the nascent stage of the crypto industry and its regulatory framework. Consequently, he advocated for providing the industry with leeway to mature until it becomes a substantial contributor to national revenue. In response to Bappebti's call for a reassessment of crypto taxes, Dwi Astuti, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Finance, assured that the Ministry would consider input from both industry stakeholders and the public. "We welcome input from Bappebti and the public. It will certainly be discussed internally," remarked Astuti during a media interaction last week. 2023 crypto tax take slumpThe existing tax structure for cryptocurrencies has been in effect since April 2022, generating approximately $2.49 million in revenue in January 2024. In contrast, Indonesia recorded $41.2 million in crypto tax revenue in the previous year. However in 2023, the country witnessed a decline of 63% in crypto tax revenue compared to the previous year, despite Bitcoin's remarkable surge of approximately 160% during that period. Local crypto exchanges such as INDODAX had attributed the significant drop in trading volume throughout 2023 directly to hefty taxes, expressing concerns that it would drive users towards foreign exchanges. Hasan Fawzi from the Ministry of Finance highlighted the trend of decreasing crypto asset transaction values in 2023. Nonetheless, he noted that the number of crypto asset customers continued to rise, reaching 18.06 million users throughout the year. The crypto sector is seen as having a lot of potential in Indonesia. Last October data released by Bappebti suggested robust growth of the crypto investment landscape within the country. Over the space of a year, Indonesia had seen a 10.1% growth in the number of crypto investors. That data may not have been lost on the country’s politicians as in December, crypto featured as an election campaign issue.

India’s NPCI Looks to Recruit Blockchain TalentIndia’s National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a collaborative initiative led by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in partnership with 247 Indian financial services companies, is actively seeking an experienced blockchain technologist to spearhead efforts in exploring the potential applications of blockchain technology within contemporary payment systems.The NPCI, responsible for operating India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI), a domestically developed instant payment system, plays a pivotal role in facilitating inter-bank peer-to-peer and person-to-merchant transactions across the country. The organization has recently posted a job listing for a Head of Blockchain on LinkedIn, demonstrating its interest in harnessing the power of blockchain technology.Photo by Siddharth K Rao on UnsplashIdentifying blockchain use casesThe ideal candidate for this critical role should be a seasoned technologist with a minimum of six years of hands-on experience in the development and implementation of blockchain solutions. Their primary responsibility will be to identify and evaluate potential use cases for blockchain-driven solutions within the payments ecosystem.Additionally, the senior leadership position demands a profound technical grasp of various blockchain platforms and a track record of involvement in at least two pilot blockchain projects.UPI has been a remarkable success in bolstering India’s payment infrastructure, so much so that other countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), France, Nepal, and the UK have expressed interest in adopting the UPI payment system to varying degrees.Potential blockchain integrationDespite UPI's runaway success, it’s likely that the NCPI foresees more change coming down the tracks with a need to respond appropriately. Recently, Indian billionaire businessman Mukesh Ambani suggested that his company, multinational conglomerate Reliance Industries (RIL), would delve further into the use of blockchain technology, particularly where central bank digital currency (CBDC) is concerned.V Subramanian, Managing Director of one of Ambani’s companies, Reliance Retail, stated that India’s digital rupee CBDC would eventually outperform UPI. Incorporating blockchain elements into UPI could potentially introduce blockchain technology to millions of users, instantly validating its transformative capabilities.The NPCI’s job posting for a blockchain leader has already garnered significant attention, with over 600 applicants expressing their interest at the time of publication. It is anticipated that the NPCI’s recruitment drive for blockchain expertise will expand in the near future as promising blockchain use cases are uncovered and developed.The NPCI has been paying attention to the development of blockchain technology over a number of years already. In 2020, it launched a project to build a blockchain-based payments platform called Vajra, albeit that it looked to implement a permissioned blockchain model to ensure that only authorized parties could access the network. Truly decentralized networks can’t control who chooses to use such networks.The blockchain is designed such that the NPCI acts as a Clearing House Node, with overall admin rights over the network. Its Notary Node level features Aadhaar authentication, with a view to securing the network. Participant Nodes feature authorized banks and payment services providers, who have the requisite permissions to read and write transactions on the blockchain.