Hong Kong and Israel Collaborate to Expand CBDC Access Beyond Banks

Chinese Prosecutors Issue Warning on NFTsIn recent days, China’s top procuratorial agency, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate of China, issued a warning alongside some guidelines on non-fungible tokens (NFTs).The Supreme People’s Procuratorate is the highest office in China charged with the mandate of upholding legal integrity, safeguarding citizens’ rights, and where necessary, conducting criminal investigations. In a statement published on Monday, the agency set out an advisory, together with additional recommendations, pertaining to NFTs.Photo by Markus Winkler on PexelsNFT status in ChinaWhile all and sundry are aware of a multi-year crack-down by the Chinese authorities on crypto in recent times, exemplified by a ban on crypto trading and the operation of crypto mining facilities within the country’s borders, the status of NFTs has been discussed to a much lesser degree.NFTs remain legal within the country. When the crypto trading ban came into play in 2021, much of the local industry connected with that trading activity disappeared. However, in its place, a newly emergent trend came to the fore in the form of NFTs. With cryptocurrencies perceived as being high risk and sanctioned by the authorities, attention turned to NFTs and there has been a surge of adoption of the digital collectibles within China as a consequence.NFT risksThe procuratorial agency highlighted a number of attributes as well as risks in relation to NFTs in the report that it published. The agency finds the issue of ownership of NFTs as a troublesome one. It cites the fact that NFTs can be replicated and distributed at will on this basis as being particularly problematic. The legitimacy of the right source of the work itself is the decisive factor for the healthy and orderly development of digital works NFT transactions,” it states.It appears that the agency, like many in traditional professional circles before them, have a difficulty recognizing the model of asset ownership that NFTs incorporate. That ownership is not defined by civil law or in accordance with centralized systems but by simply the possession of the requisite private key pertaining to a given NFT within a decentralized system.Blockchain, not cryptoThe agency acknowledged that NFTs do present a novel application of blockchain technology. This is not surprising as while there might be an ongoing clampdown on decentralized cryptocurrencies in China, officials at a national level and in numerous instances within regional administrations, are demonstrating a strategy of leveraging blockchain technology for the betterment of the Chinese economy in the future.Public prosecutor Wang Xia-fen, one of the authors of the report, stated: “It’s widely recognized that digital collectibles have the potential to protect intellectual property rights, boost content creation and enrich the digital economy.” Wang encouraged public prosecutors to “find the distinction between real innovation and criminal activities” where NFTs are concerned.The upshot of its report though, is that the procuratorial agency is uncomfortable with the similarity of many of the attributes of NFTs when compared with decentralized cryptocurrencies. It issued a warning on that basis, emphasizing a need for risk assessment to be carried out and further consideration of the legal risks that are implicated.

Real-World Asset Investment Platform Alterna Launches in JapanMitsui & Co. Digital Asset Management (Mitsui & Co. DAM) has unveiled Alterna, a novel platform designed to offer retail investors the chance to invest in real-world assets (RWAs). The service launched on Monday following receipt of the necessary regulatory approvals.Photo by Louie Martinez on UnsplashRWA-backed security tokensAlterna enables users to conveniently invest in RWAs that generate stable rental income and other returns. RWAs encompass a wide range of assets, including large-scale real estate properties and infrastructure such as logistics facilities and power plants. By offering security tokens, Alterna opens the door to previously out-of-reach investment opportunities, allowing individuals to invest with a minimum of 100,000 yen. This new service represents an exciting alternative for individuals traditionally more comfortable with cash savings.The first investment opportunity on the platform will be “Stage Grand Nihonbashi Ningyocho,” a residential building located in the Nihonbashi district. The application begins on June 2.The platform’s name, Alterna, emphasizes its role as an alternative investment service, offering a fresh approach distinct from conventional options such as bank deposits, stocks, and investment trusts.More effective portfolio managementCompared to traditional investment types like stocks and bonds, RWAs offer unique risk-return characteristics. With RWA-backed investments, investors can potentially achieve more effective portfolio management. These alternative assets have been garnering interest from institutional investors as well.The Japanese Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF), the world’s largest institutional investor, has been investing in alternative assets since 2014. To pursue yields, the GPIF has been expanding its investment portfolio in real assets like real estate and infrastructure.Easy investment with smartphonesTraditionally, retail investors encountered difficulties investing in large-scale real estate and infrastructure assets. Mitsui & Co. DAM aims to establish an environment where such investments can be made easily via security tokens using smartphones.Interest in Alterna has been substantial even before its official launch, with over 10,000 pre-registrations recorded earlier this month.

Korean Banks Impose Crypto Exchanges to Maintain a Reserve of at Least 3B KRWIn a significant step towards regulating the cryptocurrency market and ensuring the safety of virtual asset users, South Korea’s Federation of Banks (KFB) has collaborated with financial authorities and virtual asset exchanges to establish the “Guidelines for the Operation of Real Name Accounts for Virtual Assets.” The KFB, as a group of banks and financial institutions, facilitates cooperation between its members and promotes the development of the financial industry.Photo by rc.xyz NFT gallery on UnsplashThe guidelines come as a response to the increasing need for stronger money laundering prevention measures and standardization in the crypto industry. The first step towards this was taken in 2018 when crypto exchanges became obliged to establish a real name account at a bank in order to provide Korean Won (KRW) deposit and withdrawal services to their customers. Currently, the exchanges that won such bank accounts are Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax.However, this policy brought with it a set of challenges, including differing practices among various cryptocurrency exchanges, leading to inconveniences for users. Additionally, varying user protection measures, such as reserve requirements, caused confusion in the market.3 billion KRW in reservesTo address these issues, the new guidelines aim to clarify how banks operate cryptocurrency real-name accounts and bolster overall security. One of the key changes is the requirement for crypto exchanges to maintain a reserve of at least 3 billion KRW ($2.36 million). This reserve fund serves as a precautionary measure to address potential financial losses resulting from hacking incidents or system failures at crypto exchanges.Furthermore, the guidelines mandate banks to manage deposit and withdrawal limits by categorizing user accounts into limited and normal accounts. A limited account will not be converted to a normal account, which grants higher deposit and withdrawal limits, until the user’s transaction purpose and the source of funds are verified.Enhanced due diligenceIn addition, banks will perform annual enhanced due diligence (EDD) for individual account holders. This thorough review will encompass users’ identification, transaction purposes, and the origin of funds.User asset segregationTo safeguard users’ funds, crypto exchanges will be required to ensure that customer deposits are held separately or placed in trust. Regular due diligence at crypto exchanges will also be conducted by banks, with mandatory visits occurring at least once a month. Moreover, third-party services will be engaged to perform independent due diligence every quarter on crypto exchanges, providing an additional assessment of their operations.The official launch of these new guidelines is scheduled for January of next year. However, the requirement of depositing at least 3 billion KRW will come into effect earlier, starting in September of this year. Additionally, the implementation of guidelines for expanding deposit and withdrawal limits is anticipated in March of next year.