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Tether Critics Point to Previous Chinese Securities Backing

Policy & Regulation·June 16, 2023, 11:16 PM

USDT stablecoin issuer Tether (USDT) has long faced persistent scrutiny and criticism due to the lack of transparency surrounding the assets backing their digital currencies. The latest allegations come in the form of a report by Bloomberg on Friday suggesting that the world’s largest stablecoin was once backed by securities issued by Chinese companies.

Photo by Manuel Joseph on Pexels

 

NYAG releases documents

These findings were based on documents made public by the New York Attorney General (NY AG). The documents disclosed that Tether had listed securities issued by China’s state-owned Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and Agricultural Bank of China as part of its reserves backing the USDT stablecoin.

Rumors about USDT’s exposure to Chinese securities have circulated for a number of years. In 2021, a Bloomberg research report revealed that Tether’s reserves reportedly included billions of dollars in short-term loans to China-based companies, as well as a significant loan to the collapsed crypto lender Celsius Network.

However, in February 2021, Tether reached a settlement with the NY AG’s office over accusations of providing misleading information about its reserves and losses. To address these concerns, Tether handed over documents such as letters, bank accounts, reserve holdings, and wallet addresses through the law firm Steptoe.

 

Attestation report

Tether’s latest attestation report for Q1 2023, released on May 10, offered further details about its reserves. According to the report, Tether’s reserves were valued at $81.8 billion at the end of the quarter, a significant increase from the earlier period of $14.8 billion. These reserves consisted of $53 billion in US Treasuries, $1.5 billion in Bitcoin, and $5.3 billion in loans described as “over-collateralized.”

The disclosure of Tether’s previous backing by Chinese securities adds another layer of complexity to the stablecoin landscape, raising questions about the risk exposure and potential impact on the stability of these digital assets. Using Chinese commercial paper to back a US dollar stablecoin is a risky endeavor.

It raises the same issues as we’ve seen with the plethora of crypto lenders that went bankrupt in 2022. In those cases, they were using customer money to speculate and turn a profit. That’s fine when it works but when it goes wrong, it is customers who suffer. In its defense, Tether has stated that it only held A1 rated banking sector Chinese commercial paper in 2022 in state-owned Chinese companies like Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd., China Construction Bank Corp., and Agricultural Bank of China Ltd. It reduced this exposure to zero later that year.

With the cryptocurrency community and regulators seeking greater transparency and accountability, the industry is likely to face increased scrutiny and calls for enhanced regulations to ensure the integrity of stablecoin operations moving forward.

As regulators continue to assess and navigate the evolving crypto market, it remains to be seen how the industry will address these concerns and establish clearer guidelines for stablecoin issuers to ensure the trust and confidence of market participants.

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Policy & Regulation·

Jul 04, 2023

Regional Chinese City Enables e-CNY Bus Fare Payments

Regional Chinese City Enables e-CNY Bus Fare PaymentsIt appears with every passing week, there’s a new initiative in China to bring about greater everyday use of the digital yuan. Recent days have not disappointed with the news that Jinan, the capital of China’s Shandong Province, is introducing digital yuan payments throughout its entire bus network.The city initially conducted a pilot phase by testing central bank digital currency (CBDC) payments on two bus lines. After a successful trial period, Jinan has now implemented the new payment method across all its bus routes. According to a recent report by local media outlet Shunwang-Jinan Daily, the city has updated its card readers and bus route software to facilitate digital yuan transactions for passengers.Photo by CHUTTERSNAP on UnsplashDiscounted faresTo encourage the use of the digital yuan, Jinan is offering fare discounts to passengers who opt for CBDC payments. The announcement stated that individuals could enjoy up to two discounted rides per day and a maximum of six discounted rides per month if they choose to pay with the digital yuan.The fare discounts offered for digital yuan payments serve as an incentive for passengers to adopt the new payment method. By enjoying discounted rides, individuals are encouraged to explore the benefits and convenience of using the digital yuan, further driving its adoption in everyday transactions.The acceptance of CBDC payments for bus rides in Jinan represents a significant step towards the integration of digital currencies into everyday transactions. As China continues to expand the use cases for the digital yuan, it is likely to pave the way for further adoption and exploration of CBDCs globally.Broader adoption strategyThis move aligns with the broader initiative in China to promote the adoption of the digital yuan. In April, the city of Changshu announced that it would begin paying civil servant salaries with the CBDC, including personnel at all levels of public service, public institutions, and state-owned units, starting from May.Furthermore, China has implemented its CBDC for various purposes, such as the Belt and Road initiative and cross-border trades. In Xuzhou, a city serving as a departure point for trains transporting goods to Europe, a plan was issued in April to promote the use of the CBDC in cross-border trade.Last month, e-CNY ATMs were introduced in the resort city of Sanya to enable foreign visitors to purchase the CBDC. In May, regional authorities in Jiangsu Province set about establishing use of the digital yuan within the region’s education system.On an international level, French bank BNP Paribas has partnered with the Bank of China (BOC) to facilitate the adoption of the digital yuan. This collaboration enables BNP Paribas’ corporate clients to connect with BOC’s system, allowing for real-time transactions using the digital yuan. The partnership advances China’s desire to bring the cross-border trade capabilities of the e-CNY into play on an international basis.As China continues to lead the way in CBDC implementation and explores new use cases, the digital yuan’s influence is expected to extend globally, transforming how we transact and interact with currencies in the digital age.

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Policy & Regulation·

May 11, 2023

OSL Prepares for Fund Launch Following License Approval

OSL Prepares for Fund Launch Following License ApprovalIn a press release published on Tuesday, Hong Kong-based digital asset platform OSL announced that its asset management business, OSL Asset Management (OSLAM), has been granted a license to trade by the autonomous territory’s securities regulator.Photo by Eliobed Suarez on UnsplashType 1,4 & 9 approvalHong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) has issued the firm with a license which permits it to carry out trading activities encompassing Type 1 (dealing in securities), Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 activities. The latter category enables OSLAM to carry on a business involved in asset management.Upcoming fund launchWith licensing secured, OSLAM is now building up to its first fund launch which it envisages will happen within the next few months. According to the statement the company released, “OSLASM’s inaugural product offering will concentrate on unlocking new opportunities in the rapidly growing sectors of blockchain solutions, artificial intelligence (AI), and Web 3.0 technologies.”The firm claims that it has access to unique deal flow, together with the experience to operate in the asset management arena relative to the digital asset sector. OSL thinks that it is well placed in this regard as it is one of only two companies in Hong Kong who are currently licensed to facilitate security token offerings, trading and dealing.”OSL is an offshoot of the BC Technology Group, a company that provides staffing services to clients in the telecommunications sector. Ken Lo, the Deputy Chairman of BC Technology Group said that this milestone would empower the company “to explore new frontiers in blockchain and AI, creating value for our clients and shaping the future of the industry.” He added that the firm “can unlock unprecedented opportunities for growth, collaboration, and value creation” relative to these sectors.Licensing going live in JuneHong Kong has been pulling out all the stops to enable crypto business in recent months. It recently called on the banks to make an additional effort in catering to the needs of crypto businesses. It has been working on a regulatory framework culminating in this licensing regime. Licensing goes live on June 1.Speaking at the Bloomberg Wealth Asia Summit on Tuesday, Eddie Yue, the CEO of Hong Kong’s other regulatory body, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), said that the autonomous territory had very high guardrails over the past number of years that impeded the development of digital asset-related business. Yue believes that Hong Kong now has the right level of regulation and investor protection in place to enable the development of the sector.According to Yue, Hong Kong sees a greater opportunity in the overarching digital assets space as it develops. “Virtual assets or crypto is actually a very broad term. It’s not really about crypto, you’re talking about stablecoins or tokenized assets in the future.,” he stated.Many commentators have suggested that all illiquid real world assets will ultimately be tokenized in the future. As it stands today, a mere $0.3 trillion of illiquid real world assets have been tokenized. Some researchers anticipate that this level of real world asset tokenization will climb to $16 trillion by 2030.

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Web3 & Enterprise·

Apr 03, 2025

Japan’s SMFG expresses interest in stablecoin launch

Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG), a leading Japanese multinational financial services corporation and holding company, has outlined plans to launch a stablecoin.Photo by JJ Ying on UnsplashIn a press release published on its website on April 2, the company outlined details of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) it has signed with a view towards initiating discussions on the commercial use of stablecoins. Among the parties that have signed the MOU is Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC), Japan’s second-largest bank and a core unit of SMFG’s overall business. Other parties include local IT firm TIS, Inc., digital asset infrastructure firm Fireblocks and Ava Labs, the creator and developer behind the Avalanche layer-1 blockchain. Developing a framework for stablecoin issuanceThe agreement will see these stakeholders collaborate in an effort “to develop a framework for stablecoin issuance and circulation, including exploring key technical, regulatory, and market infrastructure requirements both in Japan and further afield.” The initiative will seek to examine a number of stablecoin use cases that SMFG believes can best leverage the characteristics of stablecoins. These include “a settlement method for tokenized financial and real-world assets (RWAs), such as government and corporate bonds, as well as real estate.” The company acknowledged that the tokenization of RWAs has been growing rapidly, with stablecoins emerging as an important settlement tool. It also acknowledged their growing use in the areas of international remittances, corporate payments and small-value, high-frequency transactions. SMBC sees potential in the use of stablecoins to reduce reliance on intermediaries where cross-border payments are concerned, improving upon traditional finance which relies on use of the SWIFT financial messaging network. It has identified savings that can be made in terms of the time taken to effect cross-border transactions and associated costs. According to a report published by Japanese financial news outlet Nikkei on April 1, Ava Labs is expected to use its know-how in order to construct the foundational basis for the stablecoin.  Meanwhile, Fireblocks will be responsible for the development of a management system for any stablecoin token that is subsequently issued as a consequence of the initiative. It will also get involved with the development of system security in relation to the project. The bank will work with TIS to support the developmental phase of the project. While the initiative is currently at the planning stage, trials are scheduled to begin during the second half of this year.If all goes to plan and work proceeds as per the schedule that has been established, a stablecoin could potentially be issued as a consequence sometime in 2026. It’s not the first time that SMBC has delved into consideration of stablecoins. Last September, it joined with Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG) and Mizuho to launch Project Pax, a cross-border stablecoin transfer platform. That initiative relies upon Progmat, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) platform founded by MUFG for the purpose of tokenization and the issuance of stablecoins. Japanese legislators have been working towards adding an amendment to the Payment Services Act, with some changes proposed relative to stablecoins. The changes would permit greater diversity in terms of stablecoin reserves. 

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