Laos to Prioritize Blockchain for Digital Transformation

ZkLink Snags $10M Funding Ahead of Mainnet LaunchZkLink, a layer 2 multi-chain blockchain network project based out of Singapore, has secured $10 million in funding in advance of its mainnet launch which is scheduled for Q3, 2023.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashStrategic funding roundThe Singaporean project offers a blockchain infrastructure layer that enables the ability to trade digital assets across various disparate blockchain networks. Coinbase Ventures, the investment arm of US cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase, focuses its attention on early-stage cryptocurrency and blockchain projects.That’s precisely why it has now participated in a $10 million investment in the Singaporean start-up, given that the ZkLink network doesn’t launch on mainnet for a number of months yet. Other participants in the funding round included Ascensive Assets, SIG DTI, BigBrain Holdings, Efficient Frontier, among others.In posting news of the funding to social media, ZkLink confirmed that the fresh strategic funding round has brought total funding to date to $18.5 million. “The funds raised take zkLink a step further to envision a multi-chain future with unified liquidity and seamless multi-chain user experience while remaining fully trustless and self-custodial,” the project stated.Its previous $8.5 million funding round was completed in October 2021. Among the early investors on that occasion were Arrington Capital, DeFi Alliance, Huobi Ventures, Ascensive Assets, Morningstar Ventures, GSR, Marshland Capital, Skynet Trading, ZBS Capital, and others. New York-based blockchain financing and investment platform, Republic Crypto, was the lead investor at that time.Bridging assets securely acrossZkLink uses zero knowledge technology in order to connect various layer one and layer two networks. A zero knowledge proof is the core innovation that the approach relies upon, with the proof presenting as a cryptographic technique that ensures that no data is revealed during a transaction, save for the exchange of some known value already evident to both prover and verifier.That approach makes for efficient cross-chain bridging, guaranteeing strong security without external trust assumptions. By connecting various layer one and layer two networks, zkLink claims that it empowers the next generation of decentralized trading products.Developers can access ZkLink application programming interfaces (APIs) in order to create order book decentralized exchanges (DEXs), NFT marketplaces, among other use cases. The project is harnessing zero knowledge technology to abstract away all the complexity of multi-chain trading while keeping it ultra secure and true to the ethos of crypto.A multi-chain futureWith blockchain networks being highly fragmented, the concept of a multi-chain future is one that is being increasingly embraced within the crypto space. Various projects have been launched in an effort to effect such a scenario. However, the first generation of bridging solutions have proven to be weak from a security perspective. Zero knowledge technology is seen as a potential solution to this issue.Effecting a seamless multi-chain will also bring about greater efficiencies. As a case in point, currently USDT-Ethereum and USDT-Solana exist as separate assets on distinct blockchains representing the very same USDT stablecoin. With seamless bridging, there would be no need for the duplication.In recent days, the ZkLink project team has been busy working on safety features related to securing decentralized finance protocols. In a press release associated with that work, ZkLink Co-Founder Vince Lang stated: “It is unacceptable that billions of dollars are lost each year due to custody fraud or cross-chain bridge exploits, so we encourage other DeFi protocols to conduct the same test to prove self-custody of user’s funds.”

Backpack Exchange, a crypto exchange that joined the Japan Virtual Currency Exchange Association (JVCEA) last December, has recently acquired FTX EU, the European arm of the failed crypto exchange business FTX. According to a press release, the business comes with a European MiFID II license, with the acquisition having been approved by the Cypriot regulator, the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC). Furthermore, a Delaware bankruptcy court in the United States, which is dealing with the FTX bankruptcy, has also rubber-stamped the acquisition. Backpack Exchange was co-founded by CEO Armani Ferrante, alongside other former FTX executives. According to the firm’s LinkedIn page, it has established its headquarters in Japan. The company also has links to Dubai, having acquired a Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) license for its Backpack Wallet product from  Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) in 2023.Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashRebuilding trust As a consequence of having acquired FTX’s European arm, Backpack Exchange will now assume responsibility for the distribution of court-approved FTX bankruptcy claims to FTX EU users. In the company’s press release, Ferrante spoke of the importance of the distribution process in rebuilding trust. He stated: "Customer restitution is a crucial step to rebuild trust and confidence in the industry, and Backpack is committed to returning FTX EU customers’ funds as fast and as safely as possible." In response to a query from FTX creditor activist Sunil Kavuri on X, Ferrante outlined that FTX EU users “will only be able to claim their euro claims funds directly from Backpack EU.” Ferrante clarified that FTX EU customers who had pending crypto withdrawals at the time of the bankruptcy will have their crypto claims dealt with via the FTX bankruptcy estate. In a Series A financing round early last year, Backpack was valued at $120 million. Through FTX EU, it now acquires a MiFID II license, further facilitating the global expansion of the company. With FTX EU now forming Backpack’s EU arm, the company will offer crypto-derivative products, including perpetual futures. This product offering is scheduled to go live in Q1 2025. Bankruptcy process controversy The bankruptcy of FTX EU has been controversial, starting off with the European entity being illegally filed into a U.S. bankruptcy process. In early 2024, the FTX Debtors suggested that the entity was worthless. It later wanted to buy out the entity itself, outbidding a third-party bidder. A short time afterwards, the FTX Debtors reached a settlement with the former FTX EU team. It’s understood that Backpack has acquired FTX EU for $32 million.  The FTX Debtors’ attempt to buy the business itself has cast a cloud over the bankruptcy process. When it first emerged that the business had been sold, there was some speculation as to if this would mean a rebooted FTX within the European market, but Backpack’s acquisition confirms that this was not to be the outcome.  Japan could have offered another opportunity to reboot the business, but instead, FTX Japan was acquired by bitFlyer and absorbed into its existing business. With regard to the main FTX business entity, the FTX Debtors told the bankruptcy court that there was no interest in the business from buyers. 

According to India’s Finance Ministry, Binance and a number of other virtual asset service providers (VASPs) are not tax-compliant in India. Cases of tax evasion detectedNews of this matter emerged via written answers, published on Dec. 2, provided in response to parliamentary questions which had been put to India’s Finance Minister, Pankaj Chaudhary. The minister confirmed that a “few cases of evasion of Goods and Services Tax (GST) by cryptocurrency exchanges and investors” had been detected. The document goes on to list 17 crypto entities who are currently being investigated on that basis, with Binance being the most well-known among them. Notable Indian exchanges listed include WazirX, CoinDCX and CoinSwitch. Chaudhary included details of cases booked against these exchanges. In Binance’s case, it was required to pay 722 crore Indian rupees, which amounts to around $85.2 million. While Binance doesn’t appear to have incurred penalties, in the case of WazirX, the exchange had an assessed tax shortfall of 40.51 crore Indian rupees ($4.78 million), but after fees and interest, it was provided with a demand for 49.19 crore Indian rupees ($5.8 million). CoinDCX and CoinSwitch were also assessed with a demand for 20.86 crore Indian rupees ($2.46 million) and 19.38 crore Indian rupees ($2.28 million), inclusive of penalties and interest. In the case of WazirX, CoinDCX and CoinSwitch, the exchanges have had to pay an additional 21%, 24% and 37% respectively in fees and interest over and above their original tax liabilities.Photo by Naveed Ahmed on UnsplashPrevious tax and regulatory issuesTo date, the Finance Ministry has recovered 122.3 crore rupees ($14.4 million) as part of these investigations. Binance has as yet not paid the funds demanded by the authorities. It emerged in August that India’s Directorate General of Goods and Services Tax Intelligence (DGGI) had imposed an $86 million tax demand on the company, with Binance contesting the assessment. The global crypto exchange platform had previously paid a $2.5 million fine for having engaged with Indian customers despite not having been approved by the authorities to trade within the country. After a number of months during which it didn’t trade within the Indian market, in August Binance regularized its standing and gained approval to trade. In a request for comment on the matter from Cointelegraph, a Binance representative stated: “We continue to work closely with regulatory authorities and attend necessary hearings to address any concerns and questions. Binance remains responsive and cooperative and is committed to addressing all necessary tax inquiries.” The company recently hired UK-based accounting and business advisory firm Grant Thornton to assist with accounting, tax and audit preparedness. In the case of WazirX, a spokesperson said that “GST law on cryptocurrencies was not clear in India,” and that on this basis, the company found itself being assessed for non-payment of the applicable taxes.