Hong Kong releases ‘LEAP’ framework for digital assets

Japan’s financial sector is poised for a significant change as the Financial Services Agency (FSA) unveils new tax reform guidelines for fiscal year 2025. This marks the first time virtual currency transactions will be addressed within Japan's tax framework, signaling a pivotal shift in the country’s stance on cryptocurrency taxation. Current taxation issuesPresently, Japan imposes a maximum tax rate of up to 55% on cryptocurrency revenues, a figure that has been criticized for deterring investment in the growing crypto market. Crypto profits are taxed as miscellaneous income, with the highest rate applying to earnings over 200,000 Japanese yen. Corporate holders of crypto assets face a flat 30% tax on their holdings, irrespective of their income or profits. These high tax rates contribute to Japan's relatively low cryptocurrency adoption rate, placing the country 18th in the 2023 Global Crypto Adoption Index by Chainalysis.Photo by Tobias Wilden on UnsplashIn response to rising demands from both investors and businesses, there is strong advocacy for a more favorable tax structure. The new proposal suggests reducing the crypto tax rate to 20%, aligning it more closely with the tax rates applied to traditional financial assets like stocks. This reform is viewed as essential for rejuvenating the industry, especially given Japan’s increasing engagement with cryptocurrencies. Japan's interest in cryptocurrencies extends beyond individual investors. Major institutions are making notable advancements in the field. Ripple, a key player in the crypto space, has teamed up with over 50 Japanese financial institutions to develop a new payment infrastructure leveraging blockchain technology. Meanwhile, private companies like Metaplanet are also expanding their crypto investments, recently securing a loan of 1 billion Japanese yen ($6.8 million) at an annual percentage rate of 0.1%.  Impending tax changesThe FSA's decision to include crypto assets in the 2025 tax reform proposal represents a significant departure from previous reluctance to formally recognize the industry. The proposed changes would expand loss offset provisions, potentially aligning crypto assets with the tax treatment of public bonds and listed stocks. This adjustment could offer relief to investors by allowing them to offset losses against their crypto gains. Despite these promising developments, the implementation of these proposals remains uncertain. A previous proposal to reduce the crypto tax burden has failed to produce policy changes. Nevertheless, the inclusion of crypto assets in the FSA’s reform agenda is a positive step toward a more supportive regulatory environment. Japan’s current high tax rates contrast sharply with other crypto-friendly regions in Asia. For instance, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has become a major hub for crypto businesses by imposing no taxes on crypto profits. Similarly, countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia have attracted significant crypto activity due to their progressive regulations and lower tax rates. Conversely, India’s 30% flat tax on crypto has prompted many companies to relocate to more favorable jurisdictions such as Dubai. As Japan considers transitioning to a more crypto-friendly tax regime, there is cautious optimism about its potential impact on the industry. If successfully implemented, the proposed changes could boost adoption and growth, making Japan a more appealing location for crypto businesses and investors. The ultimate effect will depend on the government’s reception and execution of these proposals in the coming years. For now, the inclusion of crypto assets in the tax reform agenda marks a promising step toward a more balanced and supportive regulatory landscape for the cryptocurrency industry in Japan. 

Bill Winters, the American banker who heads the British financial group Standard Chartered, appeared at the Hong Kong FinTech Week conference earlier this week, where he predicted a future in which cash will give way to blockchain-based systems for everyday transactions. According to Cointelegraph, Winters’ view aligns with that of Hong Kong regulators. At the same time, he stressed the importance of continued experimentation, noting that it remains uncertain how this transformation will ultimately take shape. Winters also commended Hong Kong’s leadership in exploring the potential of digital finance. Tech-driven finance has certainly been one of the key initiatives Hong Kong has been exploring. Recently, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) released its e-HKD Pilot Programme Phase 2 Report, which showed public support for tokenized deposits.Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashReal-world assets gain ground on the blockchainOn-chain data also underscores the rapid growth of the tokenization sector. According to RWA.xyz, the total value of real-world assets (RWAs) deployed on-chain has climbed to $35.63 billion, up 7.8% from a month ago. A study by Ripple and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) estimates that tokenized assets could be worth $19 trillion by 2033, about 530 times their current value. Among RWA assets, the BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity (BUIDL) Fund, Tether Gold (XAUT), and Paxos Gold (PAXG) currently lead the market in terms of value. Over the past 30 days, BlackRock’s BUIDL Fund slipped 0.06%, while the two tokenized gold products, XAUT and PAXG, jumped 46.65% and 14.19%, respectively. These gains mirror gold’s bullish run in October, when its price surpassed $4,000 per ounce for the first time on Oct. 7. The momentum has since eased slightly, with gold now trading at around $3,969.55 per ounce. Tokenization brings 24/7 markets and P2P flexibilityIndustry experts point to the convenience of tokenization as a key advantage. Speaking to Yahoo Finance, Will Peck, head of digital assets at WisdomTree, explained that tokenized gold allows for around-the-clock trading and direct peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions. He added that gold and Bitcoin act as complementary stores of value, both serving as deflationary assets. Ian Kane, CEO of fintech company Firepan, said tokenized gold appeals to investors as it enables them to retain ownership, leverage their holdings for loans, and generate extra yield, while preserving their principal against debasement or devaluation. These views are not new. Earlier this month, Robinhood Markets CEO Vlad Tenev described tokenization as “a freight train” that “can’t be stopped,” predicting it will eventually transform the global financial system. Similarly, in his annual letter to investors in April, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink said the tokenization of assets could fundamentally reshape the way people invest. By digitizing ownership, tokenized venture capital funds could move beyond their closed circles, giving ordinary investors a stake in early-stage innovation and greater control over their capital. Venture capital faces hurdles in tokenization pushWhile tokenization promises greater accessibility and liquidity, not all market segments are ready for it. According to TheStreet, tokenized venture capital (VC) funds could open a traditionally closed market to more investors, but the process is more complex than it appears. In an interview with TheStreet, Elena Obukhova, founder of Supermoon Ventures, said that liquidity, not technology, is the main obstacle. Unlike tokenized company shares that can be traded freely on public markets, VC funds invest in private startups whose value may take years to materialize through an exit or acquisition. Allowing such funds to trade freely could increase volatility and pressure founders, as interim valuations might distort perceptions and weaken confidence in early-stage ventures. Still, the promise of tokenized venture finance remains within reach. Firms are testing models that limit trading periods, protect investor data, and refine valuation methods to better reflect the illiquid nature of startup investments. Since liquidity events such as initial public offering (IPOs) or acquisitions typically occur only every one to two years for early-stage startups, the path forward will depend on creating systems that can maintain stable and accurate valuations in the interim. Tokenization is rapidly emerging as a transformative force in the financial world, offering greater accessibility, liquidity, and efficiency. As more assets, from gold to venture capital, make their way onto the blockchain, the potential to reshape investment and trading markets grows. While challenges remain, particularly around liquidity and valuation in sectors like venture capital, the continued advancements in tokenization demonstrate its key role in the future of finance.

Japan’s FSA Proposes Tax Exemption for Unrealized Crypto GainsThe Financial Services Agency (FSA) of Japan has taken the step of putting forward amendments that provide a notable tax exemption for unrealized gains on cryptocurrency holdings.Photo by Erik Eastman on UnsplashFSA proposalThe move is significant in that it spares domestic companies from the standard 30% corporate tax rate typically imposed on digital assets up until now. According to reports in local media, that proposal was detailed in a comprehensive 16-page document outlining various regulatory modifications.The most pivotal change within this document is the exemption of domestic companies from the annual “unrealized gains” tax on cryptocurrencies. Unlike some countries that only tax crypto assets when they are converted into fiat currency, Japan currently enforces an annual tax on these digital assets.2023 tax reform agendaThe proposed amendment has garnered support from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, indicating its potential passage. These discussions are part of Japan’s broader tax reform agenda for 2023, suggestive of the Asian nation’s interest in fostering a favorable environment for the blockchain and cryptocurrency industries.It is important to note that this tax exemption applies exclusively to companies that issue their own tokens and does not extend to entities solely involved in investing in other digital currencies. Additionally, individual crypto investors will still be subject to a maximum income tax rate of 55% on earnings exceeding JPY 200,000 ($1,355) related to cryptocurrency, categorized as “miscellaneous income.”The exemption is structured in a way that excludes these digital coins when assessing a company’s asset market value, provided specific conditions are met. Presently, Japanese law mandates that companies holding crypto assets must pay taxes on unrealized gains at the end of each tax period.To qualify for the tax exemption, a company must meet specific criteria outlined by the tax authority. Firstly, the company must be the issuer of the cryptocurrency in question. Additionally, it must retain continuous ownership of the crypto asset after issuance, while the asset itself remains subject to transfer restrictions.Blockchain ambitionsThis development aligns with Japan’s broader ambition to nurture and expand its blockchain and cryptocurrency sectors. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida recently articulated a vision for a “new form of capitalism,” emphasizing the importance of fostering innovation and growth in emerging industries, inclusive of the Web3 sector. As Japan moves forward with these changes, it signals its interest in creating a conducive environment for blockchain and crypto ventures to thrive.Over time Japan has been iteratively building a framework in respect of digital assets. In 2017 the country recognized Bitcoin as a legitimate property in accordance with the Payment Services Act (PSA). That same year, the Tax Agency classified crypto earnings as miscellaneous income. In 2020, crypto assets were included in Japan’s fund settlement law. Around the same time frame, the FSA brought in the requirement for crypto exchanges to register and obtain a license.These amendments also form part of a series of changes that the Japan Blockchain Association (JBA), an industry advocacy group, has been canvassing for. The proposed changes reflect a pragmatic approach to taxation, doing away with a paper profits taxation treatment in favor of a more progressive approach.