Top

Singaporean Researchers Devise More Effective DAO Voting

Web3 & Enterprise·May 15, 2023, 12:21 AM

Researchers at the Singapore University of Social Sciences have come up with a more efficient governance model for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs).

Photo by Shubham Dhage on Unsplash

 

DAO governance review

The scientists presented their work via a paper titled “Voting Schemes in DAO Governance,” which was published earlier this week. The paper is due to appear in the Annual Review of Fintech in due course.

The research paper initially sets out with a review of the different forms of voting currently used to affect DAO governance in the various early stage projects that are already up and running. Having taken a deep dive into existing approaches, the research team of Qinxu Ding, Weibiao Xu, Zhiguo Wang and David Kuo Chuen Lee decided that they could go one better themselves.

Their review encompassed eight current approaches including the following: token-based quorum voting, knowledge-extractable voting, conviction voting and reputation-based voting. Each voting scheme was then evaluated based on the following factors:

Efficiency: An assessment of the speed at which proposals are selected and approved.Fairness: Each voter should have equal rights to vote.Scalability: The degree to which storage, computation and communication needs can be adjusted relative to the number of voters.Robustness: An assessment of the relative resistance of the voting scheme to attacks and collusion.Incentive Schemes: The extent to which DAO members are motivated to vote.

Following on from that analysis, the scientists put forward a hypothetical voting mechanism with design considerations relative to fully decentralized and permissionless DAO governance. When it came to ratings, the holographic consensus approach scored highest, with a “high” rating in the categories of efficiency, fairness and robustness, dropping down to medium when it came to scalability. None of the other approaches came close.

In trying to go one better, the team took the holographic consensus approach and set out to create their own hypothetical voting mechanism based on this model. As evidenced from the paper, they tried to effect improvements to this approach:

“We know that the downside of the conviction voting mechanism is that it takes time to approve an urgent proposal. To address this concern, we introduce a blind betting mechanism: each member could choose whether to bet on any proposals with a certain number of their tokens.”

The researcher’s hypothetical model allows stakeholders to gamble their tokens on the likelihood of a proposal passing or failing. The logic with this approach, they claim, is that it would speed up the governance process, while making it more robust at the same time.

In concluding remarks, the researchers acknowledged that all approaches were not without their pros and cons. They point out that the further development of DAOs shouldn’t be confined to a static organizational future. While they believe that their own hypothetical scheme is in theory superior, they acknowledge that it too has flaws. With that, the realities of implementing it in the real world may be a challenge.

More to Read
View All
Web3 & Enterprise·

Dec 27, 2023

Upbit opens staking quiz event with ETH prizes

South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange Upbit has opened a special event in celebration of its staking service surpassing a total value of KRW 1.5 trillion ($1.2 billion), where users can participate in a staking quiz to receive 0.002 ETH (approximately $4.60) each. Staking refers to the process of entrusting crypto assets to be utilized for a blockchain’s operations and receiving rewards in return.Photo by Nenad Novaković on UnsplashEvent detailsParticipants in the quiz event will have 30 minutes to complete five quizzes related to Upbit’s staking service. The total reward pool is 210 ETH, which will be allocated to 100,000 participants on a first-come, first-served basis the day after answers are submitted. After completing the quiz mission, ten users who also stake their Ethereum assets will get the opportunity to be selected to receive 1 ETH each. "We organized the event to make more users aware of staking on Upbit and to express our gratitude,” Dunamu, the operator of Upbit, said. Upbit’s growing staking platformUpbit’s staking service was officially launched in January last year. Currently, there are five cryptocurrencies that can be staked on Upbit – Ethereum, Cosmos, Cardano, Solana and Polygon. In particular, the exchange does not manage user assets or entrust them to external parties but stakes them through self-operated validators. All staked assets are stored in a cold wallet. 

news
Policy & Regulation·

Apr 20, 2023

Singapore Judge Says Crypto Not Money

Singapore Judge Says Crypto Not MoneyIn recent years, legal processes in various jurisdictions worldwide have seen judges comment on whether cryptocurrency is actually money. The latest such determination has been made by Justice Vinodh Coomaraswamy who outlined in a Singapore court that while being a component of financial transactions, cryptocurrencies are not money.The consideration emerged in a recent court hearing at Singapore’s High Court in a case involving the Algorand Foundation and failed Singapore-based hedge fund, Three Arrows Capital (3AC). Justice Coomaraswamy’s comments arose due to a discussion in the midst of the court proceedings involving the Judge and counsel representing the Algorand Foundation.©Pexels/EKATERINA BOLOVTSOVASeashells as moneyIn setting out his rationale for the need for 3AC to be wound up, Daniel Chan, a lawyer for the WongPartnership law firm that was representing the Algorand Foundation in the proceedings, told the judge that despite foreign currencies not being recognized as legal tender in Singapore, or used broadly as a medium of exchange within the city state, those foreign currencies are recognized by Singapore law as money. Using that analogy Chan suggested that by implication, the same scenario should be considered where cryptocurrencies are concerned.The judge provided a counterpoint: “What if you had a [community] in the world that used seashells as its internal medium of exchange? Would the Singapore courts have to recognize that as money.” Chan claimed that the judge had used an extreme example although Coomaraswamy remained steadfast in his view, pointing out that seashells had indeed been used as a form of money in the distant past.Coomaraswamy proceeded to dismiss the Algorand Foundation’s winding up application. He acknowledged that the Foundation did have standing in bringing the application. However, as he determined that cryptocurrency couldn’t be classed as money, on that basis he dismissed the application. In conveying his decision, he stated: “The word indebtedness, in my view, must require a debt which is in fiat currency. Determining whether or not a particular intangible, such as cryptocurrency, is money would require a detailed examination of evidence which is not appropriate in the context of insolvency.”Legal tenderThus far, bitcoin has been recognized as legal tender in two countries — El Salvador and the Central African Republic. In 2020, a French court referred to the leading cryptocurrency as money, agreeing that Bitcoin loans can be recognized as customer loans in the same way as loans denominated in fiat currencies. Earlier that year, an Australian court recognized bitcoin as a legally legitimate form of investment. In the United States, a Federal court recognized bitcoin as “money” or “funds” in a prosecution taken against Silk Road website operator Ross Ulbricht.There have been many similar instances in courts globally where judges have had to grapple with the consideration of whether bitcoin and crypto more generally can be regarded as money. Similar to the difficulty authorities are having in regulating cryptocurrency, it’s an issue that in most cases lacks complete clarity and in which we can expect further discussions on, similar to this most recent consideration in the Singaporean high court.

news
Web3 & Enterprise·

Feb 23, 2024

FalconX further expands APAC reach into Hong Kong

American digital asset prime brokerage FalconX has unveiled its strategic expansion into Hong Kong, doubling down on its growth within the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region.Photo by Chapman Chow on UnsplashOTC brokerage servicesThe move, announced by the company through the release of a statement on Thursday, represents the firm’s latest stride in pursuing a global expansion strategy. In February 2023 the company announced that it was establishing its APAC headquarters in Singapore. FalconX intends to provide tailored over-the-counter (OTC) brokerage and OTC virtual asset derivatives services to professional investors in Hong Kong, including proprietary trading firms, family offices and fund managers. Leading the charge in this expansion is Belle Leung, who assumes the role of commercial lead in Hong Kong. Leung brings a wealth of experience from her previous position as head of SaaS sales for digital assets at OSL in Hong Kong. Her primary focus will be on raising awareness of FalconX’s offerings within Hong Kong's rapidly expanding institutional Web3 community.Leung expressed enthusiasm for Hong Kong's proactive regulatory approach, noting the strong market certainty it has generated. She emphasized FalconX's support for and alignment with the regulatory landscape. This expansion aligns with ongoing efforts by Hong Kong regulators to shape a conducive environment for virtual assets and related products, thereby providing market certainty and fostering innovation. The recent guidelines set by Hong Kong's regulators aim to align the region’s regulatory framework with international best practices, positioning it as a leading global center for digital asset innovation and investment. Executing an expansion strategyThe company is likely to have been planning its Hong Kong expansion for some time. Earlier this month, FalconX confirmed that it would be expanding its APAC operations. In November, the company was actively recruiting to fill Hong Kong-based positions. That same month, FalconX announced a partnership with Bullish, a digital assets exchange with 110 employees in Hong Kong. As part of that integration, the prime broker gained access to further digital asset liquidity on the Bullish platform.In its home market in the United States, the company has also been furthering its market influence. With spot bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) having been approved in the U.S. in January, FalconX executed over 30% of all bitcoin creation transactions for ETF issuers on the first day of trading. Matt Long, FalconX's APAC general manager, underscored the pivotal role of Hong Kong in the virtual asset innovation landscape, noting its historical significance as a hub for such innovation. He emphasized the region's leadership in the market with a clear focus on Web3 technologies. Long expressed FalconX's commitment to global growth and confidence in Hong Kong's progressive stance on virtual asset regulation and its leading position in the Web3 ecosystem. FalconX's expansion into Hong Kong follows its recent strategic moves in the Asia Pacific region, including the appointment of Ivan Lim as Trading Manager, APAC derivatives, based in the firm’s Singapore office. These developments underscore FalconX's intention to expand its footprint in the region and cater to the evolving needs of institutional investors in the digital asset space.

news
Loading