India’s RBI Collaborates Internationally on Digital Rupee Payments

China has inaugurated a new center in Shanghai dedicated to the international operation of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the e-CNY, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) recently announced. The hub also launched three specialized platforms for cross-border digital payments, blockchain services, and digital assets, according to state-run Xinhua News Agency. The initiative is a key part of China's strategy to promote the digital yuan's adoption beyond its domestic borders. This effort aligns with a broader trend among BRICS nations, which have increased their use of the Chinese yuan for trade settlements. A Crypto Briefing report indicates that yuan-denominated payments accounted for roughly 24% of the bloc's trade transactions in early 2025.Photo by Edward He on UnsplashDifference between digital yuan and stablecoinsThe e-CNY, which functions without needing a bank account, is designed for daily uses like retail shopping, salary distribution, and transportation fares. While it cannot be converted into foreign currencies, its cross-border capabilities are being explored through the mBridge project, a multinational effort coordinated by the Bank for International Settlements. In contrast to the state-controlled e-CNY, privately issued stablecoins, blockchain-based tokens pegged to fiat currencies like the U.S. dollar, are also gaining traction. These digital assets, backed by reserves such as U.S. Treasury bills, are widely used for faster and cheaper cross-border payments and remittances. Hong Kong established a clear regulatory framework for stablecoins on Aug. 1, setting high standards for potential issuers. However, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has stated that it does not expect to grant the first licenses until early next year. Yuan stablecoin in KazakhstanRecently, the HKMA had to clarify the status of stablecoin issuance in the region. According to the South China Morning Post, the monetary authority issued a statement refuting social media reports that the first offshore yuan-pegged stablecoin had been launched in Hong Kong. The company involved, AnchorX, later clarified on X that its yuan-pegged digital asset, AxCNH, was launched in Kazakhstan under a license from the Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA). Despite its launch outside of Hong Kong, the AxCNH stablecoin is seen by some as part of Beijing's broader ambitions. Yang Guang, the CTO of Conflux, which provides technical expertise to AnchorX, told Reuters that the Sept. 17 launch represents an effort to leverage blockchain technology for international trade. Yang suggested that Beijing would likely support such initiatives if they facilitate commerce, noting that offshore yuan stablecoins could be issued without direct sign-off from China's central bank. Market analysts view China’s latest initiatives as part of a broader, multi-pronged strategy. Augustine Fan, head of insights at digital asset platform SignalPlus, described the stablecoin project as “another venue or trial to push the use of the offshore yuan,” adding that it also reflects the government’s cautiously positive stance toward blockchain technology. China’s stablecoin ambiguityAt the policy level, signals remain mixed. A Caixin report indicated that Chinese digital platforms, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and financial institutions in Hong Kong may face restrictions on stablecoin and broader crypto activity. In addition, branches of SOEs and major banks are unlikely to seek stablecoin licenses in the region. The English version of the Caixin article remains accessible, but Cointelegraph observed that the Chinese-language version has since been taken down.At the same time, official engagement is visible. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), a vice-ministerial institution under the Ministry of Science and Technology that oversees the National Natural Science Fund, earlier announced grants for research on stablecoins and the development of cross-border monitoring frameworks. According to the South China Morning Post, the foundation launched the study in response to concerns that unregulated circulation of private stablecoins, particularly those pegged to the U.S. dollar, could weaken capital controls and pose risks to the yuan. A clearer policy direction is expected once the results of this research are available.

Terraform Labs Co-Founder Daniel Shin Denies Wrongdoing in LUNA CollapseShin Hyun-seong, popularly known as Daniel Shin, has refuted accusations against him related to the $40 billion collapse of the stablecoin TerraUSD and its companion token, LUNA, according to a report by local news outlet Newspim. He presented this defense during his initial trial at the Seoul Southern District Court on October 30 (local time).Shin co-founded Terraform Labs, the company responsible for issuing TerraUSD and LUNA. His co-founder, Do Kwon, is currently serving a four-month prison sentence in Montenegro for passport forgery.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashProsecution’s allegationsKorean prosecutors allege that since 2018, Shin and his colleagues have concealed the fabricated nature of the “Terra project.” By manipulating trades and releasing misleading information, they purportedly misled investors into thinking the project was successful. It’s believed they sold off their tokens before the LUNA crash in May 2022, earning KRW 462.9 billion ($343.3 million) from these activities. They are suspected of personally taking KRW 376.9 billion from this amount.Prosecutors are focusing on Shin as the potential orchestrator of the LUNA crash. They speculate he began selling LUNA tokens around when Terraform Labs launched the Anchor Protocol in March 2021. This DeFi protocol increased the popularity and value of LUNA tokens. Before the crash, Shin is alleged to have gained at least KRW 154.1 billion.Defense argumentHowever, Shin’s legal team countered by asserting that Shin had cut ties with Kwon in 2020. They argued the decline of TerraUSD and LUNA was due to Kwon’s mishandling of the Anchor Protocol and an external attack, neither associated with Shin. Regarding the exploit, Terraform Labs has pursued legal action in the United States Southern District of Florida, claiming that American market maker Citadel Securities played a part in undermining TerraUSD in May 2022.Defending Shin, his lawyers emphasized that at the inception of the Terra project, there were no legal guidelines specifically for cryptocurrency transactions. Additionally, unlike Do Kwon who kept fleeing abroad, Shin willingly came back to Korea and has been cooperating with the investigation. They also noted he received only 32% of the 70 million LUNA tokens initially promised. Regarding classification, they stated LUNA isn’t legally recognized as a security.Shin’s lawyers further argued the prosecution hasn’t clearly identified victims or adequately outlined the components of fraud in this case. They said the prosecution’s case hinges on viewing LUNA as a security. However, Shin’s legal representatives maintained that under the Korean Capital Markets Act, LUNA isn’t a security, making its trades non-fraudulent.To counter a US court ruling the prosecution presented — that a token is a security — Shin’s defense highlighted that the verdict is from a lower court and remains contested. Earlier, prosecutors had cited a ruling from the United States Southern District Court of New York, which classified the XRP tokens sold to institutional investors as securities.

Travala.com, the Cayman-incorporated company that provides crypto-native travel booking service, has unveiled an enticing offer for Bitcoin investors, involving cashback paid in the leading cryptocurrency in collaboration with the AVA Foundation. This initiative, announced by the firm on the X social media platform on March 7, aims to reward travelers who pay for their bookings in Bitcoin, encompassing an array of travel options, from flights to hotels and activities spanning across three million destinations globally.Photo by Kanchanara on Unsplash10% BTC cashbackUnlike traditional cashback systems, where waiting periods for rewards can be lengthy, Travala.com ensures swift crediting of Bitcoin cashback into users' accounts within 24 hours after the completion of their trips. As part of this offer, cashback will be paid to the value of 10% of the customer’s spend, payable in Bitcoin. Since its establishment in 2017, Travala.com has positioned itself at the intersection of cryptocurrency and travel, offering a diverse platform for bookings across various properties, activities and airlines. With support for over 90 digital currencies, the platform remains focused on cryptocurrency adoption, while aiming to provide value and flexibility for its users. Mass adoption opportunityJuan Otero, CEO of Travala.com, emphasized the growing appeal of Bitcoin to mainstream audiences, buoyed by recent developments like the approval of the first Bitcoin spot exchange-traded fund (ETF) in the United States. Otero sees this initiative as a means to broaden the adoption of crypto for everyday transactions, providing travelers with an efficient way to utilize reward programs. The move towards Bitcoin-based rewards reflects the early stages of an industry-wide shift in travel loyalty programs. With traditional points-based systems losing traction, there's a burgeoning demand for innovative incentive schemes. Steve Hipwell, a contributor to the AVA Foundation, highlighted the success of the AVA Smart Program, which has already distributed over $2.1 million worth of travel rewards in AVA tokens to customers who completed trips booked through Travala.com. By integrating direct Bitcoin rewards, the aim is to capture an additional segment of travelers seeking ways to save on their journeys. Bitcoin stands out as one of the top three payment methods on Travala.com, accounting for approximately 9% of travel bookings on the platform. In 2023, travelers splurged over $5 million in BTC on flights, hotels and activities. Travel Tiger NFTsAccess to Travala's BTC cashback scheme comes with a degree of exclusivity. Users must possess a Travel Tiger NFT and stake 2,500 AVA tokens to activate Smart Diamond membership. This exclusivity stems from the limited availability of Travel Tiger NFTs, with only 1,000 in existence. These NFTs, minted on the Ethereum blockchain, serve as randomly generated utility collectibles. Market data from OpenSea places the floor price of Travel Tigers at 2.85 ETH, roughly valued at $11,165 at the time of writing. This tie-up with the AVA Foundation is not Travala’s first partnership. In November 2023 the company struck a deal with travel industry meta-search giant Kayak, allowing it to integrate with Kayak and enable platform users to search more effectively for travel deals. Back in 2019, the company had struck a similar partnership with accommodation booking platform Booking.com.