Academia, Industry Collaborate on Crypto Accounting Research in Korea

Research Finds Over 90% of Korean Cryptos Prone to Pump-and-Dump SchemesThe Korea Institute of Finance (KIF) has released a report revealing that 91.3% of South Korean-issued cryptocurrencies, known as “kimchi coins,” are prone to pump-and-dump (P&D) schemes. These schemes involve intentionally spreading false information on social media platforms to manipulate token prices. This is done with the intention of selling the tokens at artificially inflated prices.Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashP&D prevalenceThese manipulative practices were frequently observed during the rapid growth of the cryptocurrency market from 2020 to 2022. Previous research papers indicate that P&D schemes commonly occur on multiple crypto exchanges and typically unfold within a time frame of 10 minutes. It has been observed that cryptocurrencies with lower liquidity and smaller market capitalization are particularly vulnerable to becoming prime targets for these schemes.Korean market and global marketThe Korean cryptocurrency market stands out with its significant number of cryptocurrencies listed on a single exchange, including kimchi coins. This distinction becomes evident when comparing it to the global market. In the Korean market, the top 10 global cryptocurrencies, ranked by their market capitalization, account for 59% of the total market share. Meanwhile, in the global market, they represent 84.9%. This contrast indicates that the Korean market has a larger proportion of alternative coins, also known as altcoins, which are more susceptible to pump-and-dump schemes and other manipulative activities.According to a survey conducted by the Financial Services Commission in the second half of 2022, there were a total of 625 listed coins (excluding duplicate listings), with 389 (62.24%) of them being listed on a single exchange. Among these single-exchange listed cryptos, 223 were kimchi coins, which is equivalent to 57%.OHLCV data analysisIn this KIF paper, research analyst Baik Yeon-ju delved into abnormal price patterns within the Korean cryptocurrency market. She analyzed the hourly Open-High-Low-Close-Volume (OHLCV) data of kimchi coins in October 2021. The study revealed that out of a total of 16,560 hourly price and volume observations, approximately 4.7% exhibited characteristics consistent with P&D schemes. Baik noted that 91.3% (21 of the 23) observed kimchi coins witnessed such movements.Legislative effortsMeanwhile, it is encouraging that the South Korean National Assembly passed the Virtual Asset User Protection Bill during its plenary session on June 30. This legislation, set to go effective in July next year, aims to provide protection for customers’ assets in the virtual asset space. The act not only establishes regulations to combat unfair trading practices but also enforces penalties for non-compliance.Call for further measuresHowever, Baik suggested that policies should be further strengthened to enhance investor protection within the crypto market. In order to achieve this, she proposed the implementation of a monitoring system for virtual asset service operators (VASPs) and the allocation of inspection and investigation personnel, as well as technical resources. It is also necessary to address potential conflicts that may arise with the Act on Real Name Financial Transactions and Confidentiality, particularly if the data required from VASPs falls under the classification of financial transaction information and personal information.Furthermore, considering the lack of transparency surrounding many altcoins regarding their projects and exchange listings, Baik suggests that the upcoming second virtual asset bill should tackle this issue by regulating the issuance and disclosure of these cryptocurrencies. Additionally, she highlighted the importance of conducting research based on empirical data to detect abnormal transactions. This approach enables the recognition of existing issues and the acquisition of concrete evidence, which serves as a credible basis for policymakers to enact relevant legislation.

Bybit Suspends UK Services Due to New Marketing RegulationsDubai-based crypto exchange Bybit has taken the proactive decision to suspend services in the UK market ahead of the impending implementation of new cryptocurrency marketing regulations by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).Photo by Nick Fewings on UnsplashNew marketing rulesThe FCA is set to enforce these rules starting next month, marking a significant shift in the regulatory landscape for crypto businesses operating in the United Kingdom. In an official announcement published on its website on Friday, Bybit stated: “In light of the UK Financial Conduct Authority’s introduction of new rules regarding marketing and communications by crypto businesses as outlined in the June 2023 Policy Statement (PS23/6) entitled ‘Financial Promotion Rules for Crypto assets,’ Bybit has made a choice to embrace the regulation proactively and pause our services in this market.”Efforts to remainLast week, there had been speculation that the crypto exchange platform would be exiting the UK market. However, Bybit responded on September 14, stating that it intended to maintain its presence in the UK over the long term.Clearly these new rules are proving to be an insurmountable challenge for the exchange platform, given its more recent decision to pause its services. The new rules aim to introduce a cooling-off period for first-time investors, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the transparency and accuracy of crypto product marketing.Their implementation has drawn criticism from within the industry. On Thursday, Nic Carter, Co-Founder of blockchain data aggregator Coinmetrics.io and Partner at Web3-focused venture capital firm Castle Island Ventures, shared his thoughts on the new regulations via X (formerly Twitter): “I have a hard time taking the UK seriously as a domicile for crypto companies based on their completely ludicrous advertising law — clown country.”Withdrawal timelineBybit has outlined a timeline for its withdrawal from the UK market. Starting from October 1, the exchange will no longer accept new user account applications from UK residents.Subsequently, on October 8, coinciding with the enforcement of the new regulations, existing UK users will no longer be able to “make any new deposits, create new contracts, or increase any of their existing positions for all products and services.” However, users will retain the ability to reduce or close their positions and withdraw their funds from the platform.Bybit has set a final deadline of January 8, 2024, for UK customers to manage and wind down their remaining positions. Any positions left open after this date will be automatically liquidated, with the resulting funds made available for withdrawal.While the duration of Bybit’s suspension in the UK remains uncertain, the exchange has expressed its commitment to aligning with UK regulatory requirements in the future. Bybit stated: “The suspension will allow the company to focus its efforts and resources on being able to best meet the regulations outlined by the UK authorities in the future.”Bybit is not the only crypto exchange affected by the UK’s regulatory changes. Other major platforms, including OKX and Binance, are reassessing their strategies in response to the FCA’s stringent guidelines. The new rules have broad implications, with even having a website accessible to UK customers potentially being considered a promotional activity.

Hong Kong is gearing up for the potential approval and implementation of both bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and stablecoin regulations in 2024, with further progress achieved through the first filing of a spot bitcoin ETF in the Chinese autonomous territory.Photo by André François McKenzie on UnsplashHarvest Fund filesHarvest Fund (HFM), a major asset manager based in China, has taken the lead by filing for a spot bitcoin ETF with the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFA), as reported by Tencent News. While details on the Harvest Fund bitcoin ETF remain limited, the company is hoping for its debut on or after the Lunar New Year holiday, which lands on Feb. 10. Reports suggest that Hong Kong's regulatory body may follow a path similar to the U.S. SEC, approving multiple spot bitcoin ETF applications to ensure fair market access. Although Harvest Fund was the first to apply, other regional financial institutions have expressed interest in launching similar products within the year. Livio Weng, Chief Operating Officer of crypto exchange HashKey, revealed that approximately ten asset management firms are developing spot crypto ETFs for Hong Kong, with applications already submitted to the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission. Earlier this month, Venture Smart Financial Holdings (VSFG) announced its plan to launch a spot bitcoin ETF within the first quarter of this year, contributing to the growing momentum. Stablecoin interestIn tandem with the push for spot crypto ETFs, there is a rising interest in stablecoins. Multiple Hong Kong companies, including Harvest Global Investments, RD Technologies and VSFG, are reportedly engaging in discussions with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) about potential stablecoin trials. These trials aim to explore use cases ahead of anticipated stablecoin regulations in Hong Kong. The HKMA's December consultation paper outlined licensing requirements for fiat-pegged stablecoins, positioning them as a bridge between traditional finance and crypto markets. Sean Lee, senior advisor and head of stablecoin at VSFG, told The Block that it is committed to applying for sandbox inclusion, along with consortium partners, to showcase the potential of programmable digital money while meeting prudential requirements. An HKMA spokesperson confirmed ongoing preparations for the imminent launch of the stablecoin sandbox arrangement. The key criterion for applicants is a demonstrated commitment to a reasonable plan for issuing fiat-reference stablecoins (FRS) in Hong Kong. FRS refers to fiat-reference stablecoins pegged to the value of a fiat currency and backed by a government-issued currency, aligning with the most common stablecoin model. Eddie Yue, CEO of the HKMA, highlighted the potential of stablecoins, stating they could serve as the interface between traditional finance and the virtual asset market. The parallel development of spot crypto ETFs and stablecoin regulations underscores Hong Kong's commitment to fostering digital assets while ensuring investor protection through effective market oversight. Crypto ETFs offer expanded access, while stablecoin trials enable controlled experimentation, establishing gateways between traditional finance and the emerging crypto sectors.