Suspects emerge in Taiwan in ongoing JPEX scandal fallout

South Korea: Crypto Exchange Execs Indicted on Manipulation ChargesA number of executives at Coinone, one of South Korea’s leading cryptocurrency exchanges, have been indicted on charges related to market manipulation.That’s according to a report published by South Korean news outlet, The JoongAng, on Monday. The complaint details no less than forty-six coins that are alleged to have been the subject of manipulation in some form. That represents one in four of the total number of coins that the exchange has enabled for trading on the platform.Photo by Burak The Weekender on PexelsFour executives indictedThe indictment lists four Coinone executives, Mr. Jeon, Mr. Kim, Mr. Ko, and Mr. Hwang. The four have been charged with employing illegal mechanisms to manipulate coin listings, resulting in the four executives profiting to the tune of 2.98 billion Korean Won, which amounts to $2.26 million dollars according to current fx exchange rates.The complaint specifies that these offenses were committed between December 2019 and November 2022. South Korean prosecutors further allege that prior to various projects obtaining a token listing on Coinone, company executives made them sign third-party market-making contracts. That in and of itself is not unusual.One of the key aspects of a new coin listing (and an ongoing listing for that matter), is the need to have sufficient liquidity in place to ensure that the coin can be traded without being susceptible to market manipulation. Low liquidity conditions open the door to bad actors moving the market relative to a particular token.Cross tradingThe indictment is far more specific in calling out illegal cross trading activity. It’s likely that these key Coinone employees would have been expecting such an indictment to land at their doors. Last week, it emerged that LUNA tokens associated with Terraform Labs’ failed Terra USD (TUSD) algorithmic stablecoin project, had been illegally cross traded on three South Korean crypto exchanges: Bithumb, GoPax and Coinone.Cross trading is the practice of trading an asset on an exchange without recording the transaction transparently on the exchange. Strictly speaking, the activity can be legitimate although most exchanges prohibit the practice as it can be used to affect market manipulation.A cross trade could be permitted in a scenario where the price is deemed to be competitive at the time that the trade takes place. While this can more easily be determined in conventional markets as the practice is covered by specific regulation, that’s not the case in most jurisdictions right now where digital asset trading is concerned. By extension, there’s a complete lack of transparency and a lack of reporting.As other market participants don’t have visibility of this type of trading activity, they are unaware as to whether a better price is available on the market or not. In an unregulated state, the practice undermines trust.In the case of Coinone, the executives enabled the practice in order to provide an illusion with regard to trading activity. That meant that trading volumes claimed were inaccurate, misleading ordinary traders and exchange users. Along with trading volume in these coins being artificially boosted, so too were token prices.In the indictment, prosecutors explicitly alleged that cross trading was being employed in an illegal manner:“This price manipulation causes misunderstandings about the trading volume and market price among general members of the exchange, and induces [service users] to participate in the coin transaction and buy the coin.”

SEC Seeks to Question Co-Founder of Singapore’s Terraform LabsThe United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has taken a step forward in its ongoing case against Singapore’s Terraform Labs by seeking to question Daniel Shin, the Co-Founder of the company.The SEC's intention is to gather evidence related to Chai Corporation, a payments company associated with Terraform and the Terra blockchain. District Judge Jed Rakoff granted the SEC’s request earlier this week, which is part of the regulatory body’s efforts to build a case against Terraform Labs and its Co-Founder, Do Kwon. The decision was based upon a motion originally filed in July.Photo by Bermix Studio on UnsplashRequesting South Korean assistanceThe motion, which was granted on Tuesday, allows the SEC to reach out to South Korea for assistance in questioning Shin and obtaining documents related to Chai Corporation. The regulatory body aims to gain insights into Kwon’s role at Chai, the utilization of the Terra blockchain by Chai, and the disclosures made by Chai regarding its relationship with Terraform.Additionally, the SEC is interested in understanding the reasons behind Chai’s separation from Terraform, as the two companies shared offices and staff until their split in 2020.No opposition filedOn a previous occasion, Kwon unsuccessfully challenged the SEC's attempt to access company records on the basis of a lack of jurisdiction given that Terraform is a Singapore-domiciled company. In June, both Terraform and Kwon attempted unsuccessfully to have the entire action thrown out.On this occasion neither Terraform Labs nor Kwon have opposed the SEC’s motion. In fact, they have even included their own set of questions and document requests. Both the Singaporean firm and its Co-Founder have denied the SEC’s allegations, which were filed earlier this year.The SEC’s lawsuit claims that Terraform’s cryptocurrencies, specifically Terra Luna Classic (LUNC) and Terra ClassicUSD (USTC), were involved in fraudulent activities. The US regulatory body further alleges that Kwon and Terraform falsely promoted the use of the Terra blockchain by Chai for processing and settling transactions.The SEC’s lawsuit also accuses Terraform and Kwon of fabricating transactions involving TerraKRW (KRT), a Korean won-pegged stablecoin, to give the impression that Chai was actively utilizing the Terra blockchain.Collapse falloutTerra, an interconnected crypto ecosystem, faced a collapse in May 2022, resulting in the loss of approximately $40 billion in value and impacting the wider cryptocurrency market. The aftermath of this collapse led to legal actions against individuals associated with Terraform Labs. South Korean prosecutors, for instance, charged Shin with multiple fraud offenses in April, alleging that he had concealed the risks of investing in Terraform’s cryptocurrencies.Kwon’s legal situation is equally complex. He is currently serving a prison sentence in Montenegro for attempting to leave the country using a fake passport. He faces criminal charges in both the United States and South Korea, and both countries have requested his extradition.The ongoing investigation sheds light on the intricate relationships within the Terra ecosystem, having an impact across different jurisdictions. As legal proceedings unfold, the outcome will likely have implications for the regulation and oversight of cryptocurrency and blockchain projects internationally.

Legislator Invites Coinbase to Set Up Shop in Hong KongHong Kong continues to position itself as a favorable destination for the cryptocurrency industry, with the latest evidence of that coming in the form of an invitation to US-headquartered crypto exchange Coinbase to set up a base in the autonomous Chinese territory from one of its legislators.In a bold move showcasing its progressive stance on cryptocurrencies, Johnny Ng, a member of Hong Kong’s Legislative Council, has extended an invitation to Coinbase and other crypto exchanges to establish their operations in the region. Ng took to Twitter on Saturday to express his support and offer assistance to “all global virtual asset trading operators,” emphasizing the potential for stock listing opportunities.This invitation came at the end of a week which saw major industry players like Binance and Coinbase face legal action from the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).Photo by Ben Cheung on PexelsContrasting approachesHong Kong stands in stark contrast to the cautious approach adopted by many Western countries when it comes to cryptocurrencies. In January 2023, Paul Chan, Hong Kong’s Financial Secretary, reaffirmed the government’s commitment to building a robust ecosystem for crypto and fintech. Since then, Hong Kong has been actively developing regulations and implementing compliance measures to foster the growth of the cryptocurrency industry.Recently, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) announced its intention to lay the foundation for a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC). This initiative, revealed on June 9, aims to explore the benefits of CBDCs as a means of everyday payment transactions and to facilitate customer access to cryptocurrency exchanges.Crypto hub ambitionsNg’s invitation to Coinbase exemplifies Hong Kong’s ambition to become a leading digital hub for the crypto industry. Several crypto exchanges, including OKX and Huobi, have already applied for virtual asset service provider licenses in the region, demonstrating their confidence in Hong Kong’s favorable regulatory environment.Hong Kong’s crypto-friendly approach has also attracted interest from prominent international technology companies. In January, Samsung, the South Korean tech giant, announced plans to launch a Bitcoin futures active exchange-traded fund on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.Furthermore, reports emerged in mid-February suggesting that Chinese government officials have granted strategic approval to Hong Kong’s pro-crypto initiatives. This recognition from Chinese authorities further underscores the significance of Hong Kong’s efforts in the crypto space and their potential impact on the broader digital currency landscape.Coinbase going globalLong before the arrival of last week’s lawsuit against Coinbase, the company had indicated that it was broadening its horizons. Some weeks back, SEC Chair Gary Gensler appeared on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., and Coinbase Founder and CEO Brian Armstrong chose that moment to outline that the company would look to operate overseas if the regulatory environment didn’t change in the US.In the intervening weeks, Coinbase has extended its product offering in Singapore, indicating its interest in establishing a base in Abu Dhabi while obtaining crypto licensing in Bermuda.With its proactive regulation, dedication to fostering industry growth, and growing interest from global players, Hong Kong is poised to become a prominent player in the cryptocurrency world. Despite the ongoing scrutiny faced by Coinbase and other exchanges in the United States, Hong Kong presents an attractive alternative for these companies to expand their operations and tap into the region’s thriving crypto ecosystem.