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India’s digital currency transactions have surged, surpassing 1 million daily transactions in December, meeting the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) ambitious target set for the end of 2023.Photo by Julian Yu on UnsplashCBDC-based employee paymentsReuters cited three sources familiar with the matter who have revealed that Indian banks played a crucial role in achieving this milestone by disbursing certain employee benefits through the central bank’s digital currency (CBDC), known as the e-rupee. As Indian crypto influencer and YouTuber Sumit Kapoor put it, the transaction level increase “happened because people working in regular banks were encouraged to use digital rupees instead of the normal money for their deposits and benefits.” RPI letter confirms increaseA letter seen by CoinDesk sent by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Shaktikanta Das, to RBI staff on Dec. 29 confirmed the increased CBDC use, stating that it “exceeded the milestone of 1 million transactions in a day on Dec. 27, 2023.” The e-rupee, developed as a digital counterpart to physical cash, utilizes distributed ledger technology. The RBI initiated the e-rupee pilot in December 2022, initially recording an average of 25,000 daily transactions by the end of October. Despite its integration with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), a popular framework for mobile app-based peer-to-peer money transfers, the transaction volume saw a substantial increase last month. Union Bank paymentsAccording to India’s Economic Times, the Union Bank of India is working towards transferring claims related to a number of employee benefits to CBDC wallets rather than the accounts of those salaried employees. Union Bank stated: “With an aim to promote CBDC wallet transactions, banks have been advised to encourage all staff members to transact using the digital currency and ensure 100% staff registration on digital rupee app.” Other banks have been playing their part in the current transaction level surge. This has included major private and state-run lenders such as HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, Canara Bank and IDFC First Bank. These institutions disbursed employee benefits directly into CBDC wallets rather than traditional salary accounts, demonstrating a significant shift in adoption patterns. The RBI anticipates that non-financial firms will follow suit, contributing to a further boost in transaction volumes. The user base for the e-rupee has also witnessed steady growth, reaching approximately 4 million users, up from 3 million in December, according to an executive familiar with the pilot. Globally, several countries, including China, France and Ghana, are in the pilot stages of their central bank digital currency (CBDC) projects. Nigeria has rolled out its digital currency, although success has been limited despite offering incentives such as discounts on auto-rickshaw rides. To incentivize e-rupee transactions, Indian banks are offering rewards, aligning with the RBI’s push to enhance transaction volumes. Sharat Chandra, co-founder of the India Blockchain Forum, commended the move to compensate employees using CBDC and suggested expanding adoption incentives to other areas, such as toll tax collections, to further encourage widespread usage. The positive momentum in India’s digital currency landscape reflects a growing trend toward embracing innovative financial technologies. 

Israel Freezes Crypto Accounts Linked to HamasIsrael has taken action to freeze cryptocurrency accounts believed to be involved in a fundraising campaign for the Palestinian militant group Hamas on social media, according to a statement by Israeli police on Tuesday.Hamas recently carried out a series of devastating attacks from Gaza into Israel, leading to one of the most severe escalations in the Israel-Palestinian conflict in years.According to the police statement:“With the outbreak of the war, Hamas’ terrorist organisation initiated a fundraising campaign on social networks, urging the public to deposit cryptocurrencies into their accounts.”Photo by Taylor Brandon on UnsplashBinance implicatedIn response, the Police Cyber Unit and the Ministry of Defense, with the cooperation of global crypto exchange Binance, located and froze these accounts, with the intention of diverting the funds to the state treasury.While the statement did not provide specific details about the number of accounts frozen or the value of the cryptocurrencies seized, it emphasized the government’s proactive efforts to counteract these activities.Hamas had been using cryptocurrencies as a fundraising method for some time, but in April, the group announced that it would discontinue receiving donations in Bitcoin, citing an increase in “hostile” activities against its donors.Binance has been cooperating with global law enforcement agencies and regulators to combat illicit activities, including those related to terrorism financing. A spokesperson for Binance stated:“Over the past few days, our team has been working in real time, around the clock, to support ongoing efforts to combat terror financing.”Unwelcome attentionThe exchange also mentioned that the data used to identify individuals and entities associated with specific organizations comes from intelligence provided by law enforcement and investigative tools developed in collaboration with partners.While Binance is cooperating with law enforcement on these matters, such specific attention is likely to be unwelcome. The exchange platform has been the subject of severe regulatory pushback internationally in 2023. Any suggestion of terrorist financing being enabled through the platform, even if unknowingly so, won’t be helpful to the business in overcoming its regulatory challenges.In the lawsuit taken against Binance by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) in the United States earlier this year, the CFTC claimed that Binance was aware that it had facilitated terrorist financing, specifically referring to Hamas-related transactions.Given that all eyes are currently on the activities of the Palestinian terrorist group, there could also be trouble for rival platform Bitfinex. According to a Wall Street Journal report earlier this year, Bitfinex Turkiye was alleged to have facilitated an account that was used by Hamas for money laundering purposes.Previous crypto seizuresThis action by Israel is not the first of its kind. In May, Reuters reported that Israel had seized approximately 190 crypto accounts on Binance since 2021, including two accounts linked to the Islamic State and dozens owned by Palestinian firms associated with Hamas.Binance responded to these developments by affirming its commitment to cooperate with law enforcement agencies and emphasized that it uses information available only to law enforcement to identify individuals involved in activities related to illicit organizations.

Japan's institutional embrace of blockchain technology is accelerating on multiple fronts, with a flurry of developments in the first week of May signaling that the country's financial establishment is moving to bring digital asset infrastructure into mainstream markets.Photo by Paris Bilal on UnsplashGovernment bonds go on-chainCiting Nikkei, Nada News reported on May 7 that a group of major Japanese banks and brokerages plans to tokenize Japanese government bonds by the end of 2026. The project would issue JGBs as security tokens on a blockchain and use stablecoins for settlement, potentially allowing 24-hour trading and same-day settlement. The project is expected to focus first on the repo market, where financial institutions use government bonds as collateral for short-term lending. Japan represents roughly 10% of the global repo market. Progmat, a digital asset infrastructure company, will coordinate the industry group behind the project. Participants include Japan’s three megabanks (Mitsubishi UFJ Bank, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, and Mizuho Bank), Daiwa Securities, SBI Securities, Tokio Marine Holdings, BlackRock Japan and State Street Trust & Banking. The group plans to publish a report on legal and tax issues by October. SBI moves to acquire bitbankSeparately, financial conglomerate SBI Holdings said on May 1 that it submitted a letter of intent to acquire a controlling stake in bitbank, one of Japan’s largest crypto exchanges, and make it a consolidated subsidiary. The announcement followed SBI’s merger of BitPoint Japan into SBI VC Trade in April. SBI said the proposed acquisition comes as Japan considers bringing digital assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. On April 10, the cabinet approved an amendment bill that would for the first time regulate crypto assets as financial products, including a ban on insider trading based on undisclosed information. In payments, Aptos signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with NETSTARS, the Tokyo-based operator of the StarPay cashless payment platform. Aptos will participate as a blockchain partner in NETSTARS’ StarPay-X project, which aims to add stablecoin and other Web3 payment options to existing point-of-sale infrastructure.