Bhutan Launches Blockchain-Based National ID System

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has outlined that it has established a community initiative relative to its recently launched Project Ensemble tokenization market development effort. 'Project Ensemble Architecture Community'In a press release on May 7, the Hong Kong regulator set out the establishment of the “Project Ensemble Architecture Community.” Project Ensemble was launched two months ago on March 7. At the time, the regulator described the project as “a new wholesale central bank digital currency (wCBDC) project to render support to the development of the tokenisation market in Hong Kong.” The HKMA is trying to create an environment in which it can “develop standards” for the emerging tokenization market, with particular emphasis on the use of a wholesale central bank digital currency (wCBDC). The Chinese autonomous territory’s central bank has launched the “Project Ensemble Architecture Community,” with a view towards supporting interoperability between a wholesale CBDC, tokenized money and tokenized assets. The HKMA has outlined the community's primary objective, stating it aims to provide recommendations on various topics, with initial emphasis on devising a mechanism to facilitate seamless interbank settlement of tokenized deposits through wCBDC for tokenized asset transactions.Photo by Jimmy Chan on PexelsPublic and private sector participantsFurthermore, the working group intends to support the design and execution of Project Ensemble. Notable participants in the "Architecture Community" include the HKMA itself, Hong Kong’s other financial regulator, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), the BIS Innovation Hub Hong Kong Centre, the CBDC Expert Group and seven private sector entities.  Among these are Bank of China (Hong Kong), Hang Seng Bank, HSBC, Standard Chartered Hong Kong, HashKey Group, Ant Digital Technologies and Microsoft Hong Kong. Hashkey Group owns one of two Hong Kong-regulated cryptocurrency exchanges, HashKey Exchange. It also runs a brokerage, asset manager and tokenization platform, amongst other entities. Ant was recently involved in a tokenized deposit trial with HSBC. Regulatory sandboxOne of the first matters on the agenda for the newly-formed Community is to make recommendations about using a wCBDC for interbank settlement of tokenized deposits. Following that, the project plans to work towards the design and implementation of the Project Ensemble Sandbox which will launch in the coming months. The HKMA has been actively testing its CBDC and commenced the second phase of the e-HKD pilot in March. This phase of the pilot program is slated to extend until mid-2025. The journey towards exploring CBDCs in Hong Kong dates back to 2017, with the authorities intensifying their focus on researching a potential e-HKD in 2021, spanning both wholesale and retail levels. With the participation of key stakeholders from both the public and private sectors, including leading financial institutions and technology firms, the initiative appears to be well-positioned to drive innovation and address the evolving needs of the financial industry in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong’s GSBN Takes Lead in Blockchain LogisticsIn recent years, the logistics industry has seen an increase in the use of blockchain technology to streamline supply chains and provide greater transparency to customers. While some major players, like Danish firm Maersk, have terminated their blockchain-based platforms, others are bullish on the long-term potential of the technology.©Pexels/Ben CheungA blockchain-based shipping platformOne such player is the Hong Kong-based Global Shipping Business Network (GSBN), a nonprofit consortium focused on blockchain trade applications. According to a report by the South China Morning Post, GSBN operates one of the world’s largest platforms as an alternative to Maersk’s TradeLens tool. Since launching its blockchain-based shipping platform in 2021, GSBN has partnered with major shipping companies and terminal operators such as Cosco, Orient Overseas Container Line, Hapag-Lloyd, Hutchison Ports, SPG Qingdao Port, PSA International, Shanghai International Port Group, and Cosco Shipping Ports.The platform, based on a permissioned blockchain with strong data governance, allows only authorized parties to contribute and consume shipping-related data. The organization believes that blockchain is a crucial logistics tool in the long term, and its adoption may take another decade.Blockchain inevitable amid continued digitizationGSBN CEO Bertrand Chen is confident in the potential of blockchain technology, saying that global trade will not continue to rely on “pen and paper” by 2032. He believes that blockchain has the potential to help the industry transform in response to supply issues triggered by events such as COVID-19.“Because of COVID-19, because you have to change the process, I think this is one of the regular use cases of blockchain” . . . “Probably that’s better than NFTs of digital art. NFTs of documents for global trade — this will be the real killer use case.”While Chen acknowledges that China has taken the lead in blockchain logistics due to its significant investment in the industry, he believes that GSBN has global ambitions and is working to attract more European shipping lines. The nonprofit even hopes to onboard Maersk one day, but Chen admits that such a scenario “may be slightly challenging.”Emerging Web3 hubHong Kong has also emerged as a major hub for Web3 and cryptocurrency, with the local government taking action to adopt clear industry regulations. Despite a blanket ban on crypto in China, some Chinese government-related firms have reportedly been growing interested in crypto investment, with state-owned firms like insurer CPIC launching crypto-related funds in early April.Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize global trade and supply chain management, providing greater transparency and efficiency. However, widespread adoption may still be years away, and companies will need to navigate regulatory and technical challenges to fully leverage the benefits of blockchain.While some logistics firms may have terminated their blockchain-based projects, others like GSBN remain optimistic about the potential of blockchain technology in global trade. With major shipping partners and terminal operators already onboard, GSBN has a solid foundation to build on as it continues to attract more players to its platform. As the world becomes increasingly digitized, blockchain may be a crucial tool for the logistics industry to transform and adapt to new challenges.

Korea’s Legislative Research Body Suggests Expanding Blind Trust System to Include CryptoThe National Assembly Research Service (NARS) of South Korea last Friday issued a report emphasizing the need to broaden the scope of the country’s blind trust system for public officials. Currently, this system primarily covers traditional stocks, but the report highlights the necessity of extending its coverage to include cryptocurrencies.Photo by O-seop Sim on PexelsPublic Service Ethics ActUnder the existing Public Service Ethics Act, public officials holding a rank of 4 or higher within the finance department of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Financial Services Commission are mandated to either divest themselves of stocks linked to their official duties and responsibilities or transfer them into a blind trust if the total value of these stocks exceeds KRW 30 million (about $23,000).Blind trustA blind trust is a mechanism through which a public official transfers their stock holdings to a trustee. Subsequently, the trustee handles these entrusted stocks by exchanging them for other assets and overseeing their management, administration, and disposition. Importantly, the original owner of the stock, who is the public official, is barred from participating in these aspects of the trust and is also kept uninformed about the trust property’s status or details.Debate over expansionThe current policy confines the blind trust framework exclusively to stocks. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate advocating for the inclusion of other assets, such as virtual assets and real estate, within its scope. The rationale behind this argument is that these types of assets can also potentially give rise to conflicts of interest. However, counterarguments have been raised, expressing concerns that extending the blind trust to these assets could excessively limit the property rights of public officials. Consequently, as of now, this broader application has not been implemented.Comparison with the USThe Korean blind trust system was inspired by the United States’ Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which does not limit the types of assets that can be included in a blind trust. In the US, a blind trust can encompass not only stocks but also bonds, mutual funds, virtual assets, and real estate. In light of this, the report recommends the expansion of the blind trust system to encompass virtual assets and real estate. This step is proposed to prevent conflicts of interest among public officials pertaining to a wider array of asset types.Enhancing trustee discretionMeanwhile, NARS also argued for broadening the trustee’s discretion in trust management to render the system more reasonable. This stems from the concern that the existing uniform property sale approach could lead public servants to incur losses. NARS has proposed potential solutions, such as extending the time limit for property sales or mandating the sale of only a portion of the assets, as viable options to address this issue.