Bhutan Launches Blockchain-Based National ID System

On March 7, Nissan Motor Co. introduced an innovative metaverse experience titled the "Heritage Cars & Safe Drive Studio," blending elements of automotive history with interactive safety education.Photo by Matthijs Waanders on UnsplashMarking 90 years in businessThe studio, launched to commemorate Nissan's 90th anniversary, features three iconic models from the company's past, recreated in virtual environments to reflect their respective eras. Among the showcased vehicles is the Silvia Q’s S13, renowned globally for its role in drifting culture. Users can explore this historic car from the 1980s while learning about the influence of pedestrian clothing colors on driver visibility. In another exhibit, users engage in a mini-game designed to educate on driver field-of-view and the impact of multitasking on safety. Alongside, the Skyline 2000GTX-E, famous for its presence in popular media like the Gran Turismo video game series and Fast and Furious movies, adds a touch of nostalgia and excitement, transporting users to the 1970s era. In a 1950s and 60s American diner and drive-in theater setting, the final exhibit offers a hands-on steering wheel spin exercise. These experiences aim to merge Nissan's heritage with vital safety knowledge, such as understanding the significance of pedestrian attire and the dangers of distracted driving. Developed in collaboration with Japanese university researchers, these immersive experiences are accessible through Meta Quest headsets, marking Nissan's continued exploration of virtual and augmented reality for customer engagement and education. Previous forays into the metaverseThis initiative aligns with Nissan's ongoing efforts to enhance its presence in the metaverse. It’s not the carmaker's first rodeo where the metaverse is concerned. It introduced its first virtual test drive and a virtual unveiling of its Sakura model in 2022. That same year, the company suggested it was interested in providing more in the way of virtual events, even going as far as to suggest the development of virtual customer support offices for clients. It followed that up in December 2023 with a revamp of four existing metaverse worlds, a project that also formed part of its 90th-anniversary celebrations. Nissan's latest foray into the metaverse coincides with advancements in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) hardware. The recent launch of Apple's inaugural mixed-reality headset in February 2024 signals intensified competition among tech giants like Meta and Microsoft, who have been gradually expanding into consumer and enterprise AR/VR markets over the past decade. Broader auto industry interestNissan isn’t alone in the auto industry in taking initial steps into the metaverse. Rival Toyota has taken a different approach, pursuing an interest in creating remote workspaces for staff so that meetings can be held in the metaverse. Hyundai experimented with entering the metaverse as early as 2021. Through a partnership with Naver Z, the company offered virtual test drives of its Sonata model. Meanwhile Renault Korea has tipped its toes in the metaverse by offering consumers the ability to custom-build virtual cars on a metaverse platform. Through these metaverse updates, Nissan aims to stay at the forefront of automotive innovation, utilizing immersive experiences to engage customers and promote safety awareness in an increasingly digital world. 

BOK Staffers Assess Crypto Market Vulnerabilities and Their ImplicationsOn Thursday, the Bank of Korea’s (BOK) staff members published an assessment of the vulnerabilities in the cryptocurrency market and their potential implications. Here is the summary of the report.Photo by D Tan on Unsplash2022 crypto winterThroughout 2022, the worldwide crypto market faced a series of adverse occurrences, such as significant drops in the prices of major crypto-assets and the collapse of prominent crypto companies. These events shed light on the vulnerabilities that had accumulated during the rapid growth of the market.The first major event occurred in May 2022 when the algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD experienced a sharp decline, resulting in substantial losses and bankruptcies for numerous retail investors and crypto firms. This incident significantly eroded confidence in the overall crypto market. The subsequent bankruptcies of prominent crypto lender Celsius and hedge fund Three Arrows Capital (3AC) further highlighted the realization of risks commonly associated with traditional financial markets, such as multiple collateral loans and maturity and liquidity mismatches, within the crypto market.In November 2022, the well-known crypto exchange FTX filed for bankruptcy, demonstrating that the activities of a large crypto company can propagate risks through moral hazard and excessive profit-seeking behavior when it operates outside the realm of regulatory oversight.Similarities with TradFiThese negative events that unfolded in the global crypto market in 2022 share similarities with issues previously observed in financial markets, such as unsustainable business models, liquidity risk, leverage, and lack of transparency in financial conditions. These parallels suggest that if the crypto markets were subjected to comparable levels of regulation as traditional financial markets, it is plausible that the triggering of these risks could have been avoided altogether, or at the very least, the resulting damage could have been mitigated to some extent.Implications for the Korean marketAt present, it is deemed unlikely that events akin to those witnessed in overseas crypto markets will transpire in the Korean market. The Korean crypto-asset market has primarily evolved through exchanges, with limited influence from other enterprises such as crypto issuers and decentralized lending platforms. In addition, Korean crypto exchanges are subject to regulation under the Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information. This mandates the separation of customer deposits from exchange assets and the strict management of custodial crypto-assets through secure wallets. Additionally, Korean exchanges are prohibited from listing their own tokens on their platforms.However, there remains a dearth of information regarding the business structures of crypto companies that offer services similar to those in the traditional financial industry. This lack of information poses challenges in accurately assessing risk and providing adequate investor protection. Meanwhile, there is a potential for a deeper integration between the crypto market and users’ daily lives, particularly through major technology companies, gaming companies, and security tokens.SuggestionsIt is vital to ensure that crypto-assets are regulated based on the principle of “same activity, same risk, same regulation” through the ongoing development of crypto-asset-related legislation. The Financial Stability Board, an international body monitoring the global financial system, explained this principle in a 2022 paper: “Where crypto-assets and intermediaries perform an equivalent economic function to one performed by instruments and intermediaries of the traditional financial sector, they should be subject to equivalent regulation.”Additionally, it is necessary to stay aligned with major countries in terms of the speed and comprehensiveness of regulatory measures to prevent regulatory discrepancies across borders due to the global nature of crypto risks.Enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of regulation requires the establishment and maintenance of a close cooperation system between authorities. This collaborative effort should encompass various aspects, including monitoring, information gathering, and supervision of the crypto-asset market. Notably, the widespread adoption of stablecoins can affect the stability of the overall financial system, including monetary systems and payment and settlement systems. Hence, it is necessary to strengthen the involvement of central banks in the monitoring and supervision framework for crypto-assets, including stablecoins, as demonstrated by legislative approaches adopted by major economies like the EU. Furthermore, imposing disclosure requirements, external audits, and documentation submission obligations on crypto-asset operators is advisable.

Dubai approves crypto license for climate-friendly Web3 startupIn a move that shows some potential towards fostering sustainable innovation within the crypto space, Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) has granted a conditional license to Web3 Innovations FZE, which trades as “AYA.”Licensed subject to fulfilling conditionsAYA is the Dubai-based subsidiary of Singapore-headquartered Web3 launchpad, incubator and advisory service, Enjinstarter. The license will enable AYA to offer management and investment services related to crypto assets. However, the license remains non-operational at the moment, as it has been awarded subject to the fulfillment of specific conditions outlined by VARA. The conditional license, awarded on Tuesday, has significance as it is indicative of a commitment from the Dubai authorities to supporting environmentally conscious initiatives in the Web3 ecosystem.The license awaits full compliance with VARA’s stipulated conditions and select localization requirements. Enjinstarter’s AYA platform will undergo further regulatory verification and approval once these prerequisites are met, as stated in the official announcement:“The license remains non-operational until the company fully satisfies all remaining conditions and select localization requirements defined by VARA.”Dubai ‘obvious choice’Back in October, Enjinstarter confirmed Dubai as the chosen location for its AYA platform. At the time, Enjinstarter MENA’s Managing Director, Vasseh Ahmed, described it as the “obvious choice.” Vasseh stated:”No other jurisdiction provides the regulatory clarity and sustainability focus we are looking for. Beyond that, there is a palpable sense of action here, specifically in terms of real-world asset regulation and climate action.”Prakash Somosundram, the co-founder and CEO of Enjinstarter and the AYA Foundation, expressed the company’s dedication to adhering to the regulatory process outlined by VARA.Photo by Qingbao Meng on UnsplashClimate-focused launchpadAYA stands out as a climate-focused launchpad, championing sustainability through initiatives such as reforestation, nature credits, mangrove conservation and sustainable agriculture. Beyond its role as a finance platform for green initiatives, AYA actively supports climate action projects, leveraging blockchain and Web3 infrastructure.As AYA works towards fulfilling VARA’s operational license requirements, the company has also unveiled a collaboration with The Storey Group based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This joint effort aims to plant mangroves in Dubai, reinforcing AYA’s commitment to combating climate change. Vasseh Ahmed, Managing Director of Enjinstarter MENA, emphasized the company’s mission:“We are looking to work with founders and projects that have a unique proposition within our key focus areas by helping them build their product narrative, raise capital, and launch their projects.”In a recent interview, Deepa Raja Carbon, Managing Director and Vice Chair at VARA, highlighted the regulator’s agile and collaborative approach. VARA remains committed to responding swiftly and effectively to market needs by engaging in conversations with industry leaders, innovators, peer regulators and legislators. Carbon emphasized the comprehensive and market-aligned guidelines crafted in collaboration with Dubai’s established entities, ensuring a unified framework for the evolving crypto landscape.Dubai’s move to grant a conditional crypto license to AYA appears to reflect a forward-thinking approach, aligning with global efforts to integrate sustainability into the rapidly evolving Web3 and crypto ecosystem.