UAE Accelerates Cross-Border Payments with JPMorgan’s Onyx

Cronos Labs launches zkEVM chain testnetCronos Labs, the developer behind the Cronos blockchain ecosystem, is charting a new path in the blockchain space by launching a zkEVM chain.From Cosmos to EthereumThe Cronos zkEVM chain is being launched in the first instance as a test network. The layer-2 blockchain will rely upon ZK Stack, the software kit developed by Matter Labs. In this way, the project will be extending its scaling roadmap from Cosmos to Ethereum. As Matter Lab’s SVP of Business and Operations, Marco Cora put it:“When we introduced the ZK Stack, we opened up the door for anyone wanting to build on top of Ethereum to do so by deploying hyperchains. Whether you’re building a specialized Rollup or a general purpose one, hyperchains allow you to tap into Ethereum’s extensive userbase base and liquidity while preserving its robust security and decentralization.”The journey began with the creation of the first chain in the Cronos ecosystem — a Cosmos appchain developed in collaboration with Singapore-headquartered crypto platform Crypto.com and launched in 2021. Subsequently, Cronos introduced an EVM-compatible chain in 2022, built using the Cosmos SDK. Notably, these new endeavors complement, rather than replace, the earlier established chains.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashThe product of collaborative effortsA significant development in Cronos’ evolution is the introduction of zkEVM, a result of collaborative efforts involving Cronos Labs, Matter Labs and engineering teams from stakeholders Crypto.com and existing dApp developers. The zkEVM testnet is a breakthrough, utilizing Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet and incorporating zkSync’s open-source prover, Boojum — a STARK-based zero-knowledge proof system known for its efficiency in the layer-2 rollup space, with low hardware requirements and fees.The decision to launch a native Ethereum chain stemmed from challenges in bridging EVM chains and bridging between Cosmos and Ethereum, according to Ken Timsit, Managing Director at Cronos. Timsit emphasized the richness and robustness of the Ethereum developer ecosystem for building DeFi and NFT applications.Native account abstractionHyperchains within the ZK Stack share components, including a native bridge to the Ethereum mainnet and zkSync’s trustless bridging mechanism, ensuring assets remain secured by Ethereum. The implementation of zkSync’s native account abstraction allows transaction fee payments in various cryptocurrencies, including Cronos’ native token (CRO).Cronos’ zkEVM is anticipated to progress to the mainnet in the second quarter of 2024, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of hyperchains.The landscape of hyperchains is expanding, with projects like GRVT and Tradable utilizing the ZK Stack. GRVT, a derivatives exchange, and Tradable, a tech firm focused on bringing private credit on-chain, exemplify the diversity and specialization within this emerging sector. Tradable aims to establish an institutional-focused hyperchain, potentially forming a decentralized chain alongside other institutional partners.Matter Labs views the zkSync hyperchain as a superior option compared to app-specific chains in Cosmos, emphasizing the scalability and security benefits. Hyperchains, a potential alternative to private blockchain frameworks like Hyperledger or Corda, offer technical scalability with the benefits of Ethereum. However, practical scalability remains a challenge due to cost considerations and the social coordination problem.

First ever cross-border settlement achieved for gold using e-CNYThe first ever cross-border settlement for precious metals using China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital yuan or e-CNY, has been successfully completed.Photo by Jingming Pan on UnsplashA year of e-CNY firstsIn October, Chinese state-owned media reported that the Shanghai Petroleum and Natural Gas Exchange (SHPGX) had been the venue for the first ever significant settlement of an oil contract using the e-CNY. Running along a commodities theme, on Wednesday a similar transaction was carried out once again with Shanghai being the venue, relative to the purchase of gold.A transaction valued at 100 million yuan ($14 million) was facilitated by the Bank of China’s Shanghai branch through the Shanghai Financial Exchange International Board. That’s according to reports from local Chinese media outlets.The Bank of China’s Shanghai branch, a key participant in the ongoing e-CNY pilot testing, orchestrated the transfer of e-CNY CBDC settlement received from overseas for the purchase of the gold. A spokesperson for the Bank of China highlighted the strategic significance of the transaction, stating:“The account will contribute financial strength to support Shanghai’s in-depth implementation of the free trade pilot zone promotion strategy and promote the quality and upgrading of the international trade center.”Oil, gold and iron oreThis achievement follows on from the Bank of China’s Hong Kong affiliate Bank of China (Hong Kong) (BOCHK) facilitating the import of iron ore to China through the e-CNY just last week. As part of that pilot trial, Baosteel Group, a customer of the Bank of China, purchased iron ore from Bao-Trans Enterprises.Further expanding its international partnerships, China signed a $400 million memorandum on CBDC cooperation with the United Arab Emirates on Dec. 1. The move underscores China’s commitment to fostering collaboration in the development and implementation of CBDCs on a global scale.Partnering with foreign banksThe Bank of China is actively collaborating with foreign institutions, including France’s BNP Paribas, to advance the development of the digital yuan CBDC.In July, Singaporean bank DBS Bank launched an e-CNY product for mainland China-based customers. Amid relentless moves to further the use of the digital currency, British banking giant Standard Chartered joined the advanced stages of pilot trials of the CBDC in November.Chinese President Xi Jinping, recognizing the pivotal role of CBDCs in cross-border trade, emphasized their importance during an address to the July 2023 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit. Subsequently, foreign banks have joined China’s ongoing CBDC trials, and Singapore announced its decision to allow Chinese tourists to utilize e-CNY for transactions within Singapore.In a related development, the official e-CNY app received an update on Tuesday. The latest version allows users to create an e-CNY wallet using their phone number, provides options to disable the wallet in case of phone loss and enables the resetting of passwords and private keys. Users can also link their personal bank accounts and debit cards to the e-CNY wallet for seamless in-wallet purchases.

UK Watchdog Adds Crypto Exchanges to Warning ListThe UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has expanded its warning list to include nearly 150 digital asset companies, including crypto exchanges HTX and KuCoin.Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashPromotion without approvalThese firms have been added to the list due to their promotion of services in the UK without obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals. The move comes as the FCA strengthens its oversight of the cryptocurrency sector.The FCA recently broadened its rules on financial promotions, effective from October 8, to encompass crypto-asset service providers, regardless of their geographical location. This means that all crypto platforms are now obligated to display clear risk warnings to UK-based consumers and adhere to more rigorous technical standards. Additionally, they must implement a mandatory 24-hour cooling-off period for new customers.Exchanges respondIn response to the inclusion of their platforms on the FCA’s warning list, both HTX and KuCoin issued statements. A spokesperson for HTX, known until recently as Huobi, clarified that the firm does not operate or market its services in the UK. KuCoin, on the other hand, acknowledged that it doesn’t operate in the UK but expressed its commitment to adapt its products and services to ensure compliance with the relevant laws and regulations in each country.Another exchange, OKX, alongside global exchange Binance, have both indicated that they are working towards complying with the FCA’s regulatory requirements in respect of marketing.The FCA issued a generic warning message for both HTX and KuCoin, stating:“This firm may be promoting financial services or products without our permission. You should avoid dealing with this firm.”Non-compliance with the FCA’s regulations can result in severe penalties, including takedown requests for websites and apps, substantial fines, and potential legal action, which could lead to imprisonment.It’s worth noting that HTX Advisor, Justin Sun, has encountered regulatory challenges in the past. In March, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused Sun of fraud and market manipulation related to TRX, the native cryptocurrency of his Tron blockchain. Despite holding licenses to operate in various jurisdictions, HTX’s website does not specifically mention the UK as a prohibited venue.KuCoin has its platform restricted in several countries, including the US, Singapore, Hong Kong, mainland China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Canada’s Ontario province. Notably, the UK is not listed among these restricted locations.The FCA’s decision to rapidly identify and publicize crypto firms violating the expanded rules underscores increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. The regulator is continuously updating its list of violators as new infractions are uncovered. In August, the UK regulator published data that demonstrated that only 13% of crypto businesses who have applied to trade in the UK have been offered permits to do so.Lucy Castledine, the FCA’s Director of Consumer Investments, emphasized the dynamic nature of the list, which is constantly evolving to keep pace with emerging issues within the crypto sector.As the FCA takes a more proactive stance in overseeing crypto businesses, the warning list serves as a tool for consumer protection, signaling the importance of adherence to regulatory standards in the cryptocurrency ecosystem.