Hong Kong and Kazakhstan Pilot SWIFT’s CBDC Solution

Do Kwon, a South Korean national and the central figure in the 2022 collapse of the Terra blockchain ecosystem, was sentenced to 15 years in prison on Dec. 11, capping a federal case that exposed a multibillion-dollar scheme built on false promises and secret market manipulation. According to a U.S. Department of Justice press release, District Judge Paul A. Engelmayer handed down the sentence in Manhattan federal court, finding that the 34-year-old orchestrated a scheme that inflicted substantial losses on both retail and institutional investors.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on Unsplash"This was a fraud on an epic, generational scale. In the history of federal prosecutions, there are few frauds that have caused as much harm as you have, Mr. Kwon," Engelmayer said, according to Reuters. Kwon, who was extradited to the U.S. in December 2024 following his arrest in Montenegro, pleaded guilty in August. Addressing the court, he acknowledged the devastation caused by the collapse. "All of their stories were harrowing and reminded me again of the great losses that I’ve caused. I want to tell these victims that I am sorry," Kwon said. A house of cardsAccording to court filings, Kwon’s deception ran from 2018 through 2022, misleading investors regarding the stability of the algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD (UST), the LUNA token, and the independence of the Luna Foundation Guard. Prosecutors outlined a pattern of fabrication across Terraform’s products. When UST lost its $1 peg in May 2021, Kwon claimed an automated "Terra Protocol" restored balance. In reality, investigators found the company secretly utilized a high-frequency trading firm to prop up the price, creating a "false impression" of the system’s resilience. The fraud extended to Terraform’s partnerships and applications. Investigators said Kwon lied about the South Korean payments platform Chai, claiming its transactions were settled on the Terra blockchain. Instead, Chai used traditional payment networks, with Terraform simply copying data to the blockchain to feign integration. Similarly, Kwon allegedly manipulated the Mirror Protocol, a platform for synthetic stock trading. While touting it as decentralized, prosecutors said he used bots, funded by stablecoins he created, to inflate volume and manipulate asset prices. The collapse and captureBy spring 2022, the ecosystem’s value exceeded $50 billion. However, when UST broke its peg again in May 2022, Terraform could not artificially restore it. The resulting crash erased at least $40 billion in value and triggered a contagion across digital-asset markets. While Kwon publicly claimed cooperation with authorities during the fallout, prosecutors introduced recordings suggesting he privately explored seeking political protection to avoid accountability. He was eventually arrested in Montenegro in March 2023 for traveling on a fraudulent passport. In addition to the prison term, Judge Engelmayer ordered Kwon to forfeit over $19 million, including interests in Terraform and its digital assets. The case was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) with assistance from Montenegrin and South Korean authorities. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has filed a separate civil action. Global crackdown widensWhile the U.S. concludes the Kwon case, scrutiny of the crypto sector is intensifying abroad. DL News, citing the Belarusian outlet Onliner, reported that Belarusian authorities have blocked access to digital asset trading platforms Bybit, Bitget, and OKX. The Ministry of Information cited the Mass Media Act for the decision, though KuCoin and Binance remain accessible. The step contrasts with President Alexander Lukashenko’s earlier support for developing a national crypto reserve and mining sector. Meanwhile, the Belarusian arm of Russia’s Sputnik reported that State Control Committee chairman Vasily Gerasimov recently put in place a record system identifying wallets authorities suspect are used for criminal money laundering. 

Thaksin Shinawatra, who served as Thailand's 23rd prime minister from 2001 to 2006 and whose daughter Paetongtarn Shinawatra currently serves as the Southeast Asian nation’s prime minister, expressed positive views on crypto while speaking at an event in Bangkok on Monday.Photo by Evan Krause on UnsplashIssuing stablecoins According to a report by Reuters, in his speech, Shinawatra called on Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to enable the trading of stablecoins and cryptocurrencies that are otherwise backed by real-world assets (RWAs). Addressing the consideration of systemic risk posed by cryptocurrencies, Shinawatra stated:"There will be no risk, it is just another currency in the world."  Shinawatra also commented on a government plan to make the Thai tourist resort city of Phuket a potential location for a pilot program which would trial crypto payments. Bullish on crypto This is not the first occasion in which the former Thai prime minister expressed a bullish view on crypto. He has been a long-standing advocate for cryptocurrencies. His comments earlier this week mirror similar views he expressed while speaking at an event at the Intercontinental Hotel in Hua Hin in December. On that occasion, he stated: “There are already many cryptocurrencies. Some people say that in the future, we will have more currencies than countries.”  In Hua Hin, he also suggested that his friends believe that Bitcoin could reach a unit price of $850,000. With that potential rise in value, Shinawatra wants Thai citizens to be well-positioned for the crypto wave. He encouraged the Thai government to engage positively with digital assets and to take the time to study the emerging asset class. Back in August, Thailand’s SEC launched the Digital Asset Regulatory Sandbox as part of an initiative to permit interested service providers to trial crypto-related services within a controlled sandbox environment.  Building on that sentiment expressed by Shinawatra in December, in his latest speech, he called on the country’s financial institutions to be more open to cryptocurrency.  Paying attention to U.S. policy on crypto In making that call, he cited developments in the United States. Particularly, he focused on the incoming U.S. administration’s positive embrace of digital assets. This includes positive commentary made by U.S. President-elect Donald Trump and the appointment of Paul Atkins by Trump as the new head of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the U.S. Atkins has already outlined plans to collaborate with crypto-friendly SEC Commissioners Hester Peirce and Mark Uyeda, with a view towards shaping the agency’s crypto policies.  Beyond crypto, the former prime minister had a number of other suggestions that he feels would be good for Thailand. With regard to the country’s stock market, he called for tighter regulatory oversight, tax incentives for long-term investors and improved corporate governance. He encouraged the opening of a carbon credit trading venue in order to ensure better pricing. Shinawatra believes that Thailand should legalize online gambling on the basis that it is currently losing 100 billion Thai baht ($4 billion) in annual tax revenue from the activity. The Thai government has moved to approve a draft law that would legalize casinos and gambling.

Bitdeer Records Revenue Growth Amid Q2 LossesSingapore-based crypto mining company, Bitdeer, experienced a notable boost in cash flow during Q2 2023. However, this upswing was counterbalanced by substantial acquisition costs and share-based compensation expenses.It’s been a mixed couple of days for Bitdeer. On Thursday it emerged that the company had struck a deal with B.Riley Financial that has seen the financial services firm sign a $150 million share purchase options agreement with Bitdeer. Twenty-four hours later, there’s further good news in that the firm has increased its mining hash rate. However, it has also recorded a significant loss for Q2, 2023.Photo by David Clarke on UnsplashHash rate increaseIn its recent earnings report released on Friday, Bitdeer revealed a remarkable increase in its mining hash rate. The figures surged from 2.1 exahashes per second to an impressive 3.8 exahashes per second throughout the second quarter of 2023 by comparison with the same period in 2022. Furthermore, Bitdeer’s self-mining operations yielded 758 bitcoins in contrast to 521 bitcoins mined during the same period in the preceding year.This surge in hashing power contributed to a Q2 revenue of $93.8 million, marking a 5% year-over-year increase. Bitdeer attributed this revenue growth to its bolstered hashing power, setting a solid foundation for its financial performance.Linghui Kong, CEO of Bitdeer, shed light on pivotal developments driving the company’s growth trajectory. Kong highlighted the successful completion of the mining site in Bhutan and the establishment of a cutting-edge immersion cooling data center.Operational expansionKong emphasized: “Our 100MW mining datacenter in Bhutan is in the process of power-on testing, and the mining machines are beginning stable operation.” Additionally, he mentioned that a 175MW immersion cooling data center is currently under construction at the Tydal mining facility in Norway, with an expected completion date of 2025.Bitdeer’s expansion endeavors have led to a significant increase in its mining operations. The company now manages 199,000 mining machines, a considerable rise from the previous year’s count of 119,000. Over the past year, Bitdeer’s business model has evolved, with a majority of machines being hosted rather than self-owned.Despite the growth in operations, Bitdeer reported a net loss of $40.4 million in Q2, marking a substantial increase from the previous year’s quarterly loss of $15.6 million.Merger overheadThe Q2 losses were largely attributed to Bitdeer’s merger with the special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), Blue Safari Group Acquisition Corp. Notably, the listing fee alone for this merger amounted to $33.2 million, and share-based payment expenses added up to $9.6 million during the quarter.Bitdeer’s stock had experienced a 26% decline in the 30 days leading up to the report. However, the losses were quickly recouped, with the stock rallying by over 27% on the day of the report’s publication. This market response underscores the dynamic nature of the cryptocurrency sector and the investor sentiment surrounding it.Bitdeer’s Q2 performance showcases the company’s revenue growth propelled by enhanced hashing power. The expansion of its mining operations, coupled with strategic developments like the Bhutan mining site and immersion cooling data center, position Bitdeer for further growth.