Socket Protocol Raises $5M in Strategic Partnership

Chinese Fentanyl Producers Taking Payment in CryptoA report produced by blockchain analytics and crypto compliance solutions firm Elliptic has found that most Chinese suppliers of fentanyl precursors are accepting payments for the illicit material in cryptocurrency.In a blog post published on its website on Tuesday, Elliptic claimed that 90 percent of the 90 China-based firms, from which its researchers received offers of fentanyl precursors, accepted cryptocurrency as a form of payment. The majority of fentanyl which is trafficked into the United States is manufactured using imported fentanyl precursors like the material that the Elliptic researchers were offered.Seventeen of the suppliers even offered to provide fentanyl itself. Others still offered to supply synthetic opioids, equally or more potent than fentanyl, which are currently legal to both produce and supply within China.Photo by Hal Gatewood on UnsplashTracking blockchain transactionsIn tracing back transactions relative to these illicit suppliers, the Elliptic researchers’ analysis demonstrated that the digital asset wallets used by the rogue suppliers have received thousands of payments. The research team has estimated the net worth of those transactions to total $27 million.It appears that a move towards crypto payments is trending with this group of suppliers as there has been a 450% increase year-on-year when it comes to payments for fentanyl precursor using crypto.The study highlighted activity related to Dutch national Alex Peijnenburg. An alleged fentanyl supplier, Peijnenburg, made an $85,000 payment in crypto to one of the ninety fentanyl precursor suppliers identified by Elliptic researchers. In November of last year, the Dutchman was sanctioned by US authorities relative to his activities.Global trade and distributionThe report stated: “During our correspondence, the suppliers showed no concerns about how the chemical would be used, with some explaining that it was their best-selling product and could be used to produce fentanyl.”It went on to state that “others pointedly mentioned that they had sold it to customers in Mexico.” Mexico is a significant location in the global drugs trade, given the activity of drug cartels within the country. One supplier offered an insight to researchers as to the preferences of their nefarious Mexican clients, stating: “They always use USDT or Bitcoin to pay. It is no problem.”While it looks like these nefarious Chinese companies are able to trade into and out of crypto assets, that should be a difficulty for them as China banned the offering of crypto trading services going back a number of years already. Furthermore, foreign digital asset exchanges are prohibited from servicing the needs of Chinese clients where crypto is concerned.Elliptic’s research team uncovered that the majority of the illicit drugs trade suppliers have been using workarounds in order to gain access to overseas digital asset exchanges. The suppliers have used intermediaries in order to convert crypto into Chinese yuan.The report concludes that this part of the international fentanyl trade can be dealt with and “disrupted by the services that act as gateways into and out of crypto assets.” On arriving at that conclusion, Elliptic has acted by notifying the digital asset exchanges that these suppliers are using. “[We] have flagged hundreds of crypto addresses in our tools as being linked to this activity,” the report states.Crypto had infamously been associated with illicit activity on the dark web in its earliest years. It has moved well beyond that although due to its decentralized nature, it’s difficult, if not impossible, to control who utilizes decentralized digital currency.

Cronos Labs launches zkEVM chain testnetCronos Labs, the developer behind the Cronos blockchain ecosystem, is charting a new path in the blockchain space by launching a zkEVM chain.From Cosmos to EthereumThe Cronos zkEVM chain is being launched in the first instance as a test network. The layer-2 blockchain will rely upon ZK Stack, the software kit developed by Matter Labs. In this way, the project will be extending its scaling roadmap from Cosmos to Ethereum. As Matter Lab’s SVP of Business and Operations, Marco Cora put it:“When we introduced the ZK Stack, we opened up the door for anyone wanting to build on top of Ethereum to do so by deploying hyperchains. Whether you’re building a specialized Rollup or a general purpose one, hyperchains allow you to tap into Ethereum’s extensive userbase base and liquidity while preserving its robust security and decentralization.”The journey began with the creation of the first chain in the Cronos ecosystem — a Cosmos appchain developed in collaboration with Singapore-headquartered crypto platform Crypto.com and launched in 2021. Subsequently, Cronos introduced an EVM-compatible chain in 2022, built using the Cosmos SDK. Notably, these new endeavors complement, rather than replace, the earlier established chains.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashThe product of collaborative effortsA significant development in Cronos’ evolution is the introduction of zkEVM, a result of collaborative efforts involving Cronos Labs, Matter Labs and engineering teams from stakeholders Crypto.com and existing dApp developers. The zkEVM testnet is a breakthrough, utilizing Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet and incorporating zkSync’s open-source prover, Boojum — a STARK-based zero-knowledge proof system known for its efficiency in the layer-2 rollup space, with low hardware requirements and fees.The decision to launch a native Ethereum chain stemmed from challenges in bridging EVM chains and bridging between Cosmos and Ethereum, according to Ken Timsit, Managing Director at Cronos. Timsit emphasized the richness and robustness of the Ethereum developer ecosystem for building DeFi and NFT applications.Native account abstractionHyperchains within the ZK Stack share components, including a native bridge to the Ethereum mainnet and zkSync’s trustless bridging mechanism, ensuring assets remain secured by Ethereum. The implementation of zkSync’s native account abstraction allows transaction fee payments in various cryptocurrencies, including Cronos’ native token (CRO).Cronos’ zkEVM is anticipated to progress to the mainnet in the second quarter of 2024, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of hyperchains.The landscape of hyperchains is expanding, with projects like GRVT and Tradable utilizing the ZK Stack. GRVT, a derivatives exchange, and Tradable, a tech firm focused on bringing private credit on-chain, exemplify the diversity and specialization within this emerging sector. Tradable aims to establish an institutional-focused hyperchain, potentially forming a decentralized chain alongside other institutional partners.Matter Labs views the zkSync hyperchain as a superior option compared to app-specific chains in Cosmos, emphasizing the scalability and security benefits. Hyperchains, a potential alternative to private blockchain frameworks like Hyperledger or Corda, offer technical scalability with the benefits of Ethereum. However, practical scalability remains a challenge due to cost considerations and the social coordination problem.

Superscrypt Backs Airstack’s Web3 Developer PlatformSingapore-based Superscrypt, an early stage blockchain investment company founded by state-owned global investment conglomerate Temasek, has led an investment round into Web3 developer platform, Airstack.Photo by Giorgio Trovato on UnsplashIndian influenceAirstack closed out the second tranche of its pre-seed funding round, having raised the largest portion of the $7 million raise via Superscrypt. Although based in Miami Beach, Florida, Airstack has a strong Indian influence. Three of its five founders, Deepesh Kumar, Vysakh Nair and Sarvesh Jain originate from the world’s most populous country.The firm’s main offering is to enable developers to be able to easily query on and off-chain data and integrate that same data into the Web3 apps that they are building. Airstack enables this functionality by featuring GraphQL, a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with the user’s existing data, as a core component of its platform.Achieving greater functionality still, the start-up enhances that use of GraphQL by incorporating the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The company’s Miami Beach-based CEO and Co-Founder, Jason Goldberg, elaborated on the technology it is using in an interview with CoinDesk: “We did extensive interviews with developers over the past year, gaining insights into their previous tool usage and the challenges they faced. Airstack was built to directly address those pain points.”Recent platform launchThe product offering was launched last month and has already lured in over two hundred developers to use the platform. Those developers are harnessing the functionality of Airstack’s platform to assist them in their efforts to bring a broad range of dApps to market.Developer projects are grounded in areas such as marketing engines, decentralized finance (DeFi) portfolio optimizers, customer resource management tools, advertising platforms, and decentralized social media apps, together with messaging applications.With just a straightforward query and response approach, developers can use Airstack platform functionality to query, combine, and integrate on-chain or off-chain, cross-chain, and cross-application data. The offering applies to queries relative to the Ethereum and Polygon blockchain networks. The project intends to support additional blockchain networks going forward, while also intending to increase the level of query complexity made available to platform users.Joining Superscrypt on the Airstack cap table are Hashed Emergent, NGC, Primal Capital, UOB Ventures, Signum Capital, and others. Goldberg articulated the firm’s strategy going forward: “Our immediate focus is to onboard thousands of developers onto Airstack in the coming months. We aim to identify the areas where we add the most value and where genuine business use cases emerge before finalizing our pricing model.”Social app upgradeAt the same time as this funding announcement, Airstack also revealed a separate development related to its Jam social app. Taking to Twitter on Tuesday, Goldberg provided details on an update to the app which utilizes Airstack functionality in order to create social groups based on NFT ownership and collector status. That functionality can be extended further, so that data can be gathered across projects, creating bespoke user profiles relative to the user’s blockchain activity and presence.At the same time as this funding announcement, Airstack also revealed a separate development related to its Jam social app. Taking to Twitter on Tuesday, Goldberg provided details on an update to the app which utilizes Airstack functionality in order to create social groups based on NFT ownership and collector status. That functionality can be extended further, so that data can be gathered across projects, creating bespoke user profiles relative to the user’s blockchain activity and presence.