Indian PM Narendra Modi Calls for Global Crypto Regulatory Framework

Study Places Hong Kong as Leader in Crypto ReadinessHong Kong, according to a recent study conducted by Forex Suggest, has emerged as the leading jurisdiction worldwide in terms of its readiness for cryptocurrencies. The study evaluated various factors such as the number of blockchain startups per 100,000 people and the density of crypto ATMs in relation to the population.Photo by Traxer on UnsplashZero capital gains taxThe attractiveness of Hong Kong for investors in the crypto space stems from its advantageous tax policies. The study noted that Hong Kong does not levy capital gains taxes on cryptocurrency, making it an appealing destination for crypto enthusiasts. The United States and Switzerland secured the second and third positions, respectively, in the rankings of the most crypto-ready countries.In recent times, Hong Kong has actively embraced investments from digital asset companies and is poised to implement new regulations for the industry. Effective from June 1, the city’s new rules aim to establish Hong Kong as a global hub for digital assets. These regulations permit licensed cryptocurrency trading platforms to offer services to retail investors while incorporating measures to safeguard individual traders.Global crypto firms are gearing up for that new licensing approach, carving out separate corporate entities in order to meet the regulatory requirements which the Hong Kong regulator, the Securities Futures Commission (SFC), has set. Another Hong Kong regulator, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), is also opening up to embrace digital asset innovation through a pilot project implicating the tokenization of real world assets.Regarding the number of blockchain startups, Hong Kong boasts three startups per 100,000 individuals, securing the second position globally. Topping the list is Switzerland, with an impressive count of 12.9 blockchain startups per 100,000 residents, amounting to a total of 1,128.The study also highlighted that countries such as Hong Kong, Switzerland, Panama, Portugal, Germany, Malaysia, and Turkey impose the lowest taxes on cryptocurrencies. These nations exempt individuals from capital gains taxes on profits derived from cryptocurrency trading.Crypto ATM proliferationWhen considering the prevalence of crypto ATMs, Hong Kong ranks third globally, with two ATMs per 100,000 people, totaling 149 ATMs. The United States takes the top spot with nearly 34,000 crypto ATMs, but when normalized to the population, it has 10.1 ATMs per 100,000 individuals.Regressive measures in USIn contrast to Hong Kong’s favorable environment, regulators in the United States have intensified their efforts to tighten regulations on cryptocurrency exchanges, leading many within the industry to advocate for clearer guidelines. Consequently, several exchanges are exploring jurisdictions that offer more favorable conditions.Forex Suggest emphasized that the report’s findings were based on extensive data analysis, taking into account factors such as tax regulations, legislation, the presence of blockchain startups, and the level of interest in cryptocurrencies. Each jurisdiction received a normalized score out of 10 for each factor, and the overall rankings were determined by averaging these scores.Hong Kong’s position as the most crypto-ready jurisdiction in the world showcases its commitment to fostering innovation and becoming a global leader in the digital asset space. With its advantageous tax policies, growing number of blockchain startups, and forthcoming regulations, the autonomous Chinese territory is solidifying its position as an attractive destination for businesses and investors in the cryptocurrency space.

Singapore’s DBS Bank, the largest bank in Southeast Asia with assets totaling $739 billion, has launched a pilot project that utilizes blockchain technology for the purpose of distributing government grants. According to a report from Fintech News Singapore, the bank has partnered with Enterprise Singapore (EnterpriseSG) and the Singapore Fintech Association (SFA) to establish the pilot program. The objective is to realize greater efficiency, governance and user experience where programmable grant disbursements are concerned, as a direct consequence of bringing blockchain technology into the equation. Purpose-bound money The pilot program relies on the use of a protocol known as purpose-bound money (PBM). A whitepaper relative to PBM was first published in 2023 by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). In developing the protocol, MAS had collaborated with DBS, alongside Amazon, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Bank of Korea, Banca d’Italia and JPMorgan-owned blockchain platform Onyx. PBM enables the sender of funds to specify certain conditions relative to funds released. This may include such items as validity periods or a set of controls on how funds can be spent by the recipient. Such conditions can be programmed in through the use of smart contracts. Baking specific parameters in from the outset in turn empowers the distributor to automate disbursements to beneficiaries. With disbursements automated, the process realizes efficiency gains. Manual oversight can be cut out of the process entirely.  DBS noted a previous program established during the Singapore Fintech Festival in 2023. It involved 27 local fintech firms. Prominent among them were Advance Intelligence, Experian Singapore, Intersystems, Dobin and Aspire. DBS Bank effected such payments over its permissioned blockchain, ensuring that specified recipients received the grants only when specific parameters had been met. SFA President Shadab Taiyabi commented on the pilot project, stating:“The solution is designed to streamline business grant disbursements that enables local companies to receive payouts more quickly and efficiently, providing them with additional capital to expand their key business areas.” Taiyabi added that the SFA will continue to support collaborations between the public and private sectors relative to programmable grant disbursements as Singapore works towards its Smart Nation objectives.Photo by Mike Enerio on UnsplashEfficiency gains Han Kwee Juan, DBS Bank’s country head, emphasized the efficiency gains, stating: “Smart contract technology automates and streamlines grant disbursements for government agencies to enable faster, more secure disbursements and payments.” While DBS has progressed this project as a consequence of its collaboration with MAS on PBM, the bank has also been working with the Singaporean regulator on Project Orchid, a project which aims to progress technology and competencies relative to the development of a digital Singaporean dollar. Similarly, it has participated in Project Guardian, an asset tokenization initiative between policymakers and the financial industry. Earlier this month, DBS entered into a collaboration with Ant International, the international division of the Ant Group which in turn is an affiliate of Chinese e-commerce behemoth, Alibaba, with the aim of providing treasury tokens to improve treasury and liquidity management. 

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.