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Bhutan’s Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC), a special administrative region (SAR) within the Kingdom of Bhutan, plans to establish a strategic cryptocurrency reserve.Photo by Ameya Sawant on UnsplashBitcoin, Ether & BNBThat’s according to an announcement published by the new administrative region on Jan. 8. In that statement the GMC SAR outlined that it has the intention to “recognise digital assets such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH) and BNB as part of its strategic reserves.” The SAR acknowledged that the move would result in it becoming one of the first jurisdictions to officially put in place the holding of digital assets as part of strategic reserves. While it cited Bitcoin, Ether and BNB, the SAR outlined that it has the intention to recognize digital assets with large market capitalizations and deep liquidity. That requirement has been set out so that it can easily trade in and out of these assets without impacting asset prices on the open market. The Kingdom of Bhutan is no stranger to cryptocurrency. It emerged in 2023, through court filings in the bankruptcies of crypto lenders Celsius and BlockFi, that Bhutan had cryptocurrency holdings managed by Druk Holding and Investments, the commercial arm of the Royal Government of Bhutan.  An evolution of Bitcoin mining activityShortly afterwards, it was revealed that Bhutan had been mining Bitcoin since it was priced at $5,000. Crypto mining was deemed to be a good fit for the Kingdom, given its considerable hydroelectric resources. Bhutan has entered into partnerships with Singapore-headquartered crypto mining firm Bitdeer to jointly develop green digital asset mining operations. Given this background, the SAR stated that adding crypto as part of a strategic reserve would be “an evolution of the jurisdiction’s involvement in bitcoin mining.” Crypto rather than Bitcoin-onlyTaking to the X social media platform, the BNB network project described the move as “a major milestone for blockchain adoption.” It added that the SAR’s inclusion of BNB suggests the existence of global trust in the BNB Chain ecosystem and belief in its utility. Binance founder Changpeng Zhao (CZ) also chimed in, pointing out that the Bhutan GMC SAR isn’t just considering a Bitcoin reserve but one which includes crypto more broadly. CZ added that this demonstrates that Bhutan is open-minded and open to the consideration of cryptocurrencies beyond Bitcoin. The Binance founder said that this development “opens the door for BNB (and other crypto) to be included in other countries' National Strategic Reserves.” He believes that this will be the first of many strategic crypto reserves to be established. “This is a smart move by the country to attract crypto companies, investments, and innovation,” he added. The GMC SAR covers an area of 1,000 square kilometers, making it larger geographically than the city-state of Singapore. Its objective is to become a global leader in sustainable development, with a specific emphasis on holistic living, mindfulness and economic development.  The Bhutanese authorities intend for GMC to become a gateway for tourists visiting the area and Bhutan more broadly. It’s also seen as an initiative which can garner further foreign direct investment. According to data published by on-chain analytics firm Arkham Intelligence, the Kingdom of Bhutan holds 11,688 BTC ($1.1 billion) and 656 ETH ($2.18 million). 

Hong Kong’s Largest Bank in Lackluster Crypto EmbraceFor all of its pro-crypto initiatives Hong Kong has been struggling with banking crypto companies. A recent report from the Hong Kong Economic Journal cited Lin Yansheng, Director of Commercial Banking at Hang Seng Bank, Hong Kong’s largest local bank, in outlining that the bank will accommodate crypto but that support is conditional.Photo by Florian Wehde on UnsplashCrypto in a high rates environmentYansheng shared his insights on interest rates, stating that he believes that interest rates will rise but reassures that any increase will be temporary in nature.The Commercial Banking Director acknowledged that Hong Kong’s current high-interest rates, in contrast to those of mainland China and neighboring regions, have caused a slowdown in the overall demand for bank loans. He predicts that loan growth will face pressure this year. However, he also offers a glimmer of hope, stating that a reduction in interest rates may not be far off. He suggests that next year’s expected interest rate cuts could lead to an improvement in loan growth.Data published recently by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) shows that annualized loan growth has been negative since May. It currently stands at -1.1%. Yansheng explained that as borrowing rates decrease in mainland China, Hong Kong’s banking industry is experiencing a downturn in loan growth. The high Hong Kong dollar interbank offered rate (HIBOR) currently limits the volume of corporate borrowing.The rising concerns over interest rates have prompted Hang Seng Bank to acknowledge the importance of cryptocurrencies.Unconvincing crypto embraceThe bank recently outlined the regulatory framework for virtual asset businesses seeking to operate within its purview. To open standard banking accounts, these businesses must obtain an Approval-in-Principle (AIP) license from the Securities Regulatory Commission (SRC), as per the bank’s announcement.The first issue is that obtaining an AIP license has proven to be incredibly difficult. Currently, only OSL and HashKey, two virtual asset trading platforms, have managed to obtain the required clearance. Hang Seng Bank acknowledges that it hasn’t received many inquiries about crypto-banking, attributing it to that challenging process of obtaining AIP certification. Meeting the demanding requirements for such permission poses a significant hurdle for most businesses.Getting beyond this obstacle, Yansheng clarified that even then crypto companies will only be able to obtain a “simple” bank account. He didn’t clarify what services would be excluded but Hang Seng’s embrace of crypto-related business sounds very much like it’s lacking in conviction.Both the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority have conducted roundtable meetings to address the difficulties faced by virtual asset businesses. Yansheng reiterated Hang Seng’s commitment to complying with the regulators’ instructions and accommodating these companies. However, it’s clear that difficulties remain.Last month, it was reported that Hang Seng Investment Management Co., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hang Seng Bank and the largest exchange-traded fund (ETF) manager in Hong Kong, was looking to add digital assets to its product line.

A recent survey by Turkish crypto exchange Paribu reveals that 99% of Turkish investors are now familiar with digital assets, a significant rise from just 16% in 2020. Digital assets have emerged as the third most popular investment choice in Turkey, overtaking traditional options like real estate. Investors are now nearly twice as likely to consider digital assets over stocks or mutual funds, a trend seen across other Asian nations, where younger investors are favoring crypto over more conventional investments. In Indonesia, for example, digital asset investors reached 20 million this year, far surpassing the 12 million who trade on the country’s stock exchange. In the U.S., a recent Bank of America survey reported a similar trend, with younger investors increasingly gravitating toward digital assets.Photo by Burak Karaduman on PexelsHigh returns and future potential drive interest in digital assetsThe survey shows that Turkish investors are primarily attracted to digital assets for their high return potential, while some view them as the future of finance. Other motivations include fast transaction capabilities, as well as benefits like censorship resistance. According to Paribu’s spokesperson, Nergis Nurcan Karababa, crypto assets may experience higher adoption rates than traditional financial products, as more individuals anticipate mainstream usage of digital assets in the near future. Security a top priority for Turkish investorsSecurity remains a paramount concern for Turkish investors, particularly given the history of hacks and fraud targeting local exchanges. Paribu’s survey, which polled over 2,000 residents and 541 active traders, found that most Turkish investors demand a strong security system from their trading platforms. In recent years, Turkish exchanges have been targeted by hackers, with high-profile breaches impacting investor confidence. In June, an attack on BtcTurk, the country’s largest exchange, reportedly led to a $55 million loss from multiple hot wallets. An earlier collapse of the Thodex exchange in 2021 saw the disappearance of investor funds valued by Chainalysis at $2.6 billion, although local prosecutors cited a lower figure. Thodex’s founder was sentenced to over 11,000 years in prison, underscoring the severity of crypto-related financial crimes in Turkey. Rise in preference for local exchangesDespite security incidents, Turkish investors increasingly favor local exchanges, with 78% indicating a preference for Turkey-based platforms in 2024, up from 63% last year. This trend aligns with a global shift towards domestic exchanges as investors seek platforms regulated by local authorities, providing easier avenues for legal recourse. The collapse of international platforms like FTX has accelerated this trend, and countries such as Nigeria, India and Indonesia have issued new licenses exclusively for local exchanges, restricting foreign entities from operating within their borders. Turkey’s leading position in the MENA crypto marketTurkey ranks as the largest digital asset market in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and is 11th globally in terms of adoption, according to Chainalysis. Between June 2023 and June 2024, Turkey received $137 billion in digital assets, placing it seventh worldwide for total transaction volume. This growing market highlights Turkey’s role as a key player in the global crypto landscape, as well as the increasing integration of digital assets into mainstream financial activities among Turkish investors.