India Launches Crypto-Enabled Web Browser Initiative

Singapore Judge Says Crypto Not MoneyIn recent years, legal processes in various jurisdictions worldwide have seen judges comment on whether cryptocurrency is actually money. The latest such determination has been made by Justice Vinodh Coomaraswamy who outlined in a Singapore court that while being a component of financial transactions, cryptocurrencies are not money.The consideration emerged in a recent court hearing at Singapore’s High Court in a case involving the Algorand Foundation and failed Singapore-based hedge fund, Three Arrows Capital (3AC). Justice Coomaraswamy’s comments arose due to a discussion in the midst of the court proceedings involving the Judge and counsel representing the Algorand Foundation.©Pexels/EKATERINA BOLOVTSOVASeashells as moneyIn setting out his rationale for the need for 3AC to be wound up, Daniel Chan, a lawyer for the WongPartnership law firm that was representing the Algorand Foundation in the proceedings, told the judge that despite foreign currencies not being recognized as legal tender in Singapore, or used broadly as a medium of exchange within the city state, those foreign currencies are recognized by Singapore law as money. Using that analogy Chan suggested that by implication, the same scenario should be considered where cryptocurrencies are concerned.The judge provided a counterpoint: “What if you had a [community] in the world that used seashells as its internal medium of exchange? Would the Singapore courts have to recognize that as money.” Chan claimed that the judge had used an extreme example although Coomaraswamy remained steadfast in his view, pointing out that seashells had indeed been used as a form of money in the distant past.Coomaraswamy proceeded to dismiss the Algorand Foundation’s winding up application. He acknowledged that the Foundation did have standing in bringing the application. However, as he determined that cryptocurrency couldn’t be classed as money, on that basis he dismissed the application. In conveying his decision, he stated: “The word indebtedness, in my view, must require a debt which is in fiat currency. Determining whether or not a particular intangible, such as cryptocurrency, is money would require a detailed examination of evidence which is not appropriate in the context of insolvency.”Legal tenderThus far, bitcoin has been recognized as legal tender in two countries — El Salvador and the Central African Republic. In 2020, a French court referred to the leading cryptocurrency as money, agreeing that Bitcoin loans can be recognized as customer loans in the same way as loans denominated in fiat currencies. Earlier that year, an Australian court recognized bitcoin as a legally legitimate form of investment. In the United States, a Federal court recognized bitcoin as “money” or “funds” in a prosecution taken against Silk Road website operator Ross Ulbricht.There have been many similar instances in courts globally where judges have had to grapple with the consideration of whether bitcoin and crypto more generally can be regarded as money. Similar to the difficulty authorities are having in regulating cryptocurrency, it’s an issue that in most cases lacks complete clarity and in which we can expect further discussions on, similar to this most recent consideration in the Singaporean high court.

Coins.ph Suffers 12M XRP ExploitCoins.ph, a leading cryptocurrency exchange in the Philippines, is grappling with the alleged loss of over 12 million XRP tokens, valued at $6 million, in a purported exploit.That’s according to various reports that have been emerging from the Philippines in recent days. The incident not only spotlights serious questions about the security protocols and regulatory oversight of crypto exchanges in the Philippines but it also sparked fears of an impact on market sentiment relative to the XRP unit price.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashHacker used various platformsThe reports revealed that an exploit targeted Coins.ph, resulting in the unauthorized transfer and exchange of 12 million XRP tokens in a mere 30 minutes. The hacker behind this incident managed to navigate through various platforms, including OKX, WhiteBIT, OrbitBridge, SimpleSwap, ChangeNOW, and Fixed Float, leaving users and investors alarmed.Coins.ph’s wallet, the focal point of the exploit, has a connection to BitGo, a California-based crypto custody firm, which initiated its activation back in 2018. At present, neither Coins.ph nor BitGo has issued any official statements regarding this reported breach.The alleged exploit brings to the forefront once again, the importance of robust security protocols and regulatory oversight within the cryptocurrency industry in the Philippines and elsewhere. Coins.ph is a major player in the crypto sector in the Southeast Asian country, having more than 10 million users.The hacker responsible for the exploit attempted to execute several transactions, trading nearly 13 million XRP tokens, with one transaction seemingly failing to go through. Following the successful acquisition of approximately 12.2 million XRP tokens, the hacker swiftly moved these assets to different exchanges.Responding to the incident, some platforms promptly blocked or marked the stolen XRP tokens and sought assistance from blockchain analysis firms such as Cristal and Chainalysis. This exploit is being deemed as one of the most substantial thefts of XRP tokens in recent history.It’s understood that WhiteBIT blocked the movement of some of the XRP that has been implicated in the hack. WhiteBIT told The Block: “WhiteBIT, as soon as received a request from the Philippines-based exchange Coins, promptly reacted and blocked 445,000 Ripple.”XRP impactXRP, the native cryptocurrency of the Ripple network, which primarily focuses on facilitating cross-border payments, has been grappling with its price stability in recent times. This has been largely due to the ongoing legal disputes between Ripple and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over allegations of conducting unregistered securities offerings.While it had been speculated initially that the hack would have impacted the XRP unit price, XRP seems to have held up well. At the time of writing, it was trading at $0.526. There has been an overall uplift in the crypto market as a whole over the course of the past 24 hours which may be a contributing factor, with digital asset market cap being up 2.7%.As the crypto community waits for official responses from Coins.ph and BitGo, the incident serves as a stark reminder of the importance of safeguarding digital assets and enhancing regulatory oversight in an industry that continues to evolve and expand.

Laser Digital, the crypto arm of Nomura, Japan’s largest investment bank and brokerage group, in collaboration with WebN Group, has unveiled Libre, an institutional Web3 protocol powered by Polygon technology. WebN Group is an incubation hub for fintech and Web3 innovators. It’s backed by Laser Digital and Alan Howard, the co-founder of alternative investment management platform, Brevan Howard.Photo by Shubham's Web3 on UnsplashFocusing on asset tokenizationLibre leverages asset tokenization and smart contracts, aiming for regulatory-compliant issuance and management of alternative investments. According to a statement, the protocol is built using the Polygon Chain Development Kit (CDK), facilitating the development of purpose-built, zero knowledge-powered Layer 2 blockchains on Ethereum. Dr. Avtar Sehra, the founder of Libre, has been actively involved in real-world asset (RWA) tokenization since 2014. His previous experience includes founding the UK FCA-licensed tokenization platform Nivaura. The protocol's applications extend beyond primary issuance services, with additional use cases such as collateralized lending and automated rebalancing of private investment portfolios. In a press release which was published on Wednesday, Sehra commented on the project:”While our MVP objective is to increase AUM by launching the primary issuance service and driving distributor integrations, we are also working closely with our partners and clients on our 2024 product roadmap, which includes collateralized lending and automated portfolio rebalancing — building the future of wealth APIs.” Libre's anticipated launch is in Q1 2024, with investment management firms Brevan Howard and Hamilton Lane poised to become the first issuers on the platform. The industry has shown growing interest in leveraging blockchain technology to revolutionize the distribution and accessibility of alternative asset funds. Making blockchains ‘mainstay financial rails’Polygon’s Indian co-founder Sandeep Nailwal outlined on a social media post on Wednesday the relevance of a dedicated network relative to real-world assets. He wrote:”RWAs have the potential to make blockchains mainstay financial rails at a global scale. I have always believed that RWAs would need their own regulated, compliant environment. Public shared chains like Ethereum mainnet, or L2 mainnets are intrinsically permissionless and not the perfect for many types of RWAs.” With that outlook in mind, Nailwal believes that Libre showcases the potential of blockchain technology to unlock new opportunities for investors globally. Natalie Smith, Head of Strategy at Brevan Howard, said, “the tokenization of funds allows us to offer investors a new way to access our strategies, providing them with optionality, and further develops our platform to serve client needs.” Competing projectsLibre is not the sole project exploring the tokenization of funds. In November, JPMorgan's Onyx collaborated with asset and wealth managers WisdomTree and Apollo, along with various blockchain technology providers, on a blockchain interoperability proof-of-concept for investment portfolio management. SC Ventures, the Singapore-based investment and innovation arm of Standard Chartered, also entered the tokenization space by launching Libeara, its tokenization platform. The SGD Delta Fund, a tokenized Singapore-dollar government bond fund, recently received an AA rating from Moody's after becoming the first fund to use Libeara. The first tokenization platforms have tended to be run on private blockchains. It will be interesting to watch the development of Libre as it’s the first time a financial institution-focused layer 2 network is being built, with final settlement on the Ethereum blockchain.