Korean Ministry of Government Legislation Holds Lecture on Generative AI and Blockchain

Bhutan Launches Blockchain-Based National ID SystemBhutan, the Buddhist kingdom nestled along the eastern edge of the Himalayas, has introduced a blockchain-based National Digital Identity (NDI) system.Photo by Aaron Santelices on UnsplashDisrupting the delivery of government servicesThe blockchain-based cryptographic identity platform has the potential to revolutionize the way Bhutanese citizens access government services and conduct digital transactions. According to local Bhutanese media source BBS, the system was launched last week, giving Bhutanese citizens the opportunity to download the Bhutan NDI application directly to their mobile devices.The user-friendly application promises a seamless experience, marked by a straightforward login process. Once registered, citizens will gain access to an array of government services. These will include construction approvals, land taxes, passport services, birth and death registration certificates, as well as Royal University of Bhutan degree certificates and various business-related services, all within the confines of their digital wallets.Digital wallet alongside digital identityNotably, the development could have major implications where the future use of digital currency in Bhutan is concerned. The NDI is not just a digital identity but a digital wallet.That means that users have the option to link their bank accounts to the NDI app, facilitating financial transactions without the need to switch between multiple apps. As of now, the Bank of Bhutan is the first financial institution to integrate with the NDI app.The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan (RMA) entered into a collaboration with enterprise blockchain firm Ripple Labs in September 2021 to develop and trial central bank digital currency (CBDC).Streamlining service deliveryThe GovTech Agency, the driving force behind the NDI project, envisions that this digital innovation will streamline and simplify the often arduous process of interacting with government agencies. Jigme Tenzing, the Acting Secretary of the GovTech Agency, explained the transformative potential, stating:“So, essentially what this enables for Bhutan is the ability to take almost all services and make them available online. This can virtually transform how services are provided in Bhutan. This is regarded as not only services that the government provides to citizens, but it can extend to even the private sector.”Some concerns have been raised with regard to this consolidation of personal information within a single platform. The GovTech Agency has responded by emphasizing the incorporation of biometric data, including fingerprint and facial recognition, to enhance identity verification and authentication. It feels that these measures are sufficient to safeguard data privacy.Crypto investmentThere had been little in the way of news emerging from the South Asian country where decentralized technology was concerned until earlier this year when it became known that the kingdom had been an investor on the failed crypto lender platforms of Celsius and BlockFi.It had done so through Druk Holdings and Investments (DHI), the commercial arm of the Royal Government of Bhutan. In May it emerged that DHI had entered into a partnership with Singapore-based Bitcoin mining firm Bitdeer, with the intention of developing green digital asset mining operations within the country.The National Digital Identity Act of Bhutan 2023 received Royal Assent in July, solidifying Bhutan’s status as the first sovereign nation to implement a comprehensive decentralized identity framework.

China Performs Well as Global Crypto Industry Employment Surpasses 190,000According to new data, the cryptocurrency industry has seen a remarkable surge in employment, with nearly 190,000 individuals currently working in the field as of July 2023, with China fairing particularly well despite its hostile approach to crypto.This figure represents a significant increase compared to pre-2020 employment statistics, marking the onset of the crypto frenzy. The data was produced via a report published by K33 Research, a Norway-based digital assets research and data analysis firm.Photo by Valentin Farkasch on UnsplashIndia leads in AsiaThe data highlights an over-representation of crypto workers in the Western world, with more than 50% based in North America and Europe. Within this figure, the United States alone accounts for 29% of the crypto workforce. In Asia, India emerged as the leading employer in the crypto industry, employing 20% of the regional workforce, primarily in developer-related roles. Surprisingly, despite China’s historically hostile stance on the crypto industry, it stands as the second-largest employer in Asia, employing 15% of the regional workforce.It’s also interesting that China has been found to account for such a sizable chunk of Web3-related employment when recent feedback from recruiters in Hong Kong suggest that the crypto licensing program rolled out in the autonomous Chinese territory has not yet resulted in a surge in employment. Recruiters maintain though, that this employment boost will come in due course.Most employment via exchangesDuring 2021, a period characterized by high prices and soaring company valuations, the crypto industry employed approximately 211,000 individuals, highlighting the industry’s rapid growth. Researchers from K33 found that around one-third of the crypto workforce is engaged in exchanges or brokerages, emphasizing the crucial role these entities play. Additionally, 26% of employees work for companies offering a diverse range of financial services related to cryptocurrencies.Interestingly, the study revealed that NFTs occupy only a small portion of the workforce, with only 6% of individuals involved in this field. On the other hand, 21% contribute their skills to blockchain protocols, analytics, and mining operations. The remaining 13% hold cryptocurrency-related jobs that do not neatly fit into any specific category. The researchers employed various methods, including LinkedIn searches, AI-assisted web searches, and manual mappings, to gather this data.Remote workingA notable trend in the crypto industry is the prevalence of remote work arrangements. Major crypto companies have opted for globally distributed workforces, capitalizing on jurisdictions with favorable regulations and lower tax rates. By establishing headquarters in these locations, but employing individuals remotely or establishing local offices worldwide, companies can reduce costs and eliminate logistical barriers.The significant growth in crypto industry employment reflects the expanding and maturing nature of the sector. As cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology gain wider acceptance, professionals from various backgrounds are entering the industry, contributing their skills to different sectors within the crypto ecosystem. The prevalence of remote work arrangements and the global nature of the industry allow talent to be sourced from around the world, transcending geographical boundaries.This upward trajectory in employment is likely to continue as the crypto industry evolves and continues to shape the future of finance and technology.

Japan’s financial authority has decided to regulate cryptocurrencies under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, classifying them as financial instruments. According to a report by The Asahi Shimbun, the Financial Services Agency (FSA) intends to include this reclassification in an amendment scheduled for submission during next year’s regular Diet session. Under the revised framework, local crypto exchanges will be required to provide detailed disclosures on the 105 tokens they handle. This includes the existence of issuers, underlying technologies such as blockchain, and price volatility risks. The proposed regulations will also subject these classified cryptocurrencies to insider trading rules. Issuers and individuals affiliated with exchanges will be prohibited from trading based on material non-public information, such as the suspension of trading or an issuer’s potential bankruptcy.Photo by Karola G on PexelsToken coverage in JapanAlthough the regulatory list contains 105 tokens, data from the Japan Virtual and Crypto Assets Exchange Association (JVCEA), cited in a New Economy report, indicates that Japanese exchanges currently list 119 cryptocurrencies, leaving unclear how the remaining digital assets will be regulated.  To enhance investor protection, the FSA will mandate specific disclosure requirements for issuers that use token launches for fundraising. These entities will be required to report on their latest business activities and future issuance plans annually. This legislative push follows a discussion paper published by the FSA in April, which proposed dividing crypto assets into two distinct categories. The first category includes tokens issued for raising capital, while the second comprises established cryptocurrencies that are not primarily used for issuer fundraising, citing Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) as primary examples. Tax cut from 55% to 20%In parallel with these regulatory changes, the FSA plans to request tax reforms similar to those applied to traditional stock trading. Under Japan’s current tax code, taxes on cryptocurrency gains can reach as high as 55%. The agency proposes reducing this rate to a flat 20% in next year’s tax reform. Responding to the news on X, Changpeng Zhao, the founder and former CEO of Binance, welcomed Japan’s initiative to lower crypto taxes. However, he noted that the proposed 20% rate remains high compared to other jurisdictions, many of which do not levy capital gains taxes on crypto at all. Crypto ETF CFDs set to closeThe government’s move to tighten regulations is already reshaping the financial product landscape. One immediate impact is visible in contracts for difference (CFDs) linked to crypto ETFs. As reported by FinanceFeeds, IG Securities, the Japanese subsidiary of the London-listed IG Group, announced changes to its offerings. The firm will stop accepting new orders for CFDs tied to BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust and its Ethereum equivalent on Dec. 1. Open positions are scheduled to be automatically closed on Jan. 31 of next year. If clients do not settle their holdings prior to this date, the final settlement will be calculated based on the official closing price of that final day. This discontinuation adheres to an FSA decision that derivatives referencing Bitcoin or Ether ETFs must be regulated as crypto-related derivatives rather than standard ETF products. These instruments, now under the crypto-related derivative classification, fall under stricter rules regarding investor protection, operational oversight, and licensing. Japan’s latest regulatory and tax initiatives reflect a broader effort to bring clarity and investor protection to the country’s growing crypto market. As the framework evolves, the industry will be watching how the new rules influence participation and market structure. With lower taxes and stricter oversight on the horizon, both investors and exchanges may need to adjust, potentially reshaping liquidity and Japan’s overall appeal while prompting trading platforms to rethink their product offerings.