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UK Watchdog Adds Crypto Exchanges to Warning ListThe UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has expanded its warning list to include nearly 150 digital asset companies, including crypto exchanges HTX and KuCoin.Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashPromotion without approvalThese firms have been added to the list due to their promotion of services in the UK without obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals. The move comes as the FCA strengthens its oversight of the cryptocurrency sector.The FCA recently broadened its rules on financial promotions, effective from October 8, to encompass crypto-asset service providers, regardless of their geographical location. This means that all crypto platforms are now obligated to display clear risk warnings to UK-based consumers and adhere to more rigorous technical standards. Additionally, they must implement a mandatory 24-hour cooling-off period for new customers.Exchanges respondIn response to the inclusion of their platforms on the FCA’s warning list, both HTX and KuCoin issued statements. A spokesperson for HTX, known until recently as Huobi, clarified that the firm does not operate or market its services in the UK. KuCoin, on the other hand, acknowledged that it doesn’t operate in the UK but expressed its commitment to adapt its products and services to ensure compliance with the relevant laws and regulations in each country.Another exchange, OKX, alongside global exchange Binance, have both indicated that they are working towards complying with the FCA’s regulatory requirements in respect of marketing.The FCA issued a generic warning message for both HTX and KuCoin, stating:“This firm may be promoting financial services or products without our permission. You should avoid dealing with this firm.”Non-compliance with the FCA’s regulations can result in severe penalties, including takedown requests for websites and apps, substantial fines, and potential legal action, which could lead to imprisonment.It’s worth noting that HTX Advisor, Justin Sun, has encountered regulatory challenges in the past. In March, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused Sun of fraud and market manipulation related to TRX, the native cryptocurrency of his Tron blockchain. Despite holding licenses to operate in various jurisdictions, HTX’s website does not specifically mention the UK as a prohibited venue.KuCoin has its platform restricted in several countries, including the US, Singapore, Hong Kong, mainland China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Canada’s Ontario province. Notably, the UK is not listed among these restricted locations.The FCA’s decision to rapidly identify and publicize crypto firms violating the expanded rules underscores increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. The regulator is continuously updating its list of violators as new infractions are uncovered. In August, the UK regulator published data that demonstrated that only 13% of crypto businesses who have applied to trade in the UK have been offered permits to do so.Lucy Castledine, the FCA’s Director of Consumer Investments, emphasized the dynamic nature of the list, which is constantly evolving to keep pace with emerging issues within the crypto sector.As the FCA takes a more proactive stance in overseeing crypto businesses, the warning list serves as a tool for consumer protection, signaling the importance of adherence to regulatory standards in the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

The South Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) made an official announcement on Friday (KST) stating that "domestic securities firms brokering spot bitcoin ETFs that are listed on overseas markets may be considered a violation of the government's stance on virtual assets and the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act." This stance refers to a press release published on Dec. 13, 2017 that outlined the government’s conclusion that virtual assets must be dealt with carefully.Photo by Lauren Seo on UnsplashFuture possibilityHowever, this statement is not to be interpreted as a complete dismissal of the possibility that South Korea could adopt the ETF. The agency added that it would look into the issue thanks to a more stable regulatory landscape sweeping the country following the implementation of regulations on virtual assets like the Virtual Asset User Protection Act. Authorities are also taking into consideration the fact that other countries like the U.S. are adopting a more open stance. Market downturnFollowing the announcement, stocks related to the ETF in the South Korean market – which had surged on the news of a spot bitcoin ETF listing on the U.S. stock market a day ago – saw share prices drop within a day. As of 10:04 a.m. on Friday, Woori Technology Investment was trading at KRW 7,650 ($5.82), down 4.61 percent from the day before, and Hanwha Investment & Securities was down 9.09 percent to KRW 4,000. Both of these firms hold stakes in Dunamu, the operator of South Korea's largest cryptocurrency exchange Upbit.

South Korean FSC updates definition of virtual assets and VASP regulations for Virtual Asset User Protection ActThe South Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) on Monday (local time) published a new enforcement decree and supervisory regulations for the Virtual Asset User Protection Act, under which non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and deposit tokens are excluded from the definition of virtual assets. The act serves to protect customer assets, prevent unfair trading practices, and enforce penalties.“The enforcement decree and supervisory regulations provide detailed standards and methods to safeguard users’ assets and establish stability in the market,” the FSC said.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashDefining virtual assetsThe agency explained that it decided to exclude NFTs because they are mainly bought and sold for collection purposes, posing low risks to holders and the financial system. However, NFTs that can be used as a means of payment for purchasing certain goods and services are considered virtual assets. On the other hand, deposit tokens — which will be managed by the Bank of Korea’s central bank digital currency network — are regarded as a legitimate form of monetary deposit and are subject to relevant regulations instead of the User Protection Act. Other “electronic certificates of economic value,” such as mobile vouchers and electronic bonds, are also excluded from the definition of virtual assets.Enhancing security and transparencyFollowing the clarified definition of virtual assets, the updated regulations underline conduct measures that virtual asset service providers (VASPs) must comply with. For example, VASPs must calculate the total value of their customers’ crypto assets every month and store at least 80% in a cold wallet to prevent infringements like hacks — a boost from the current 70 percent. Cold wallets are deemed more secure than hot wallets because they keep crypto keys offline instead of staying connected to the internet.VASPs are also not allowed to arbitrarily block deposits and withdrawals of user assets without prior notice and a justifiable reason like internal system failure or hacks as well as requests from courts, investigative bodies, the National Tax Service and financial authorities. User deposits must be stored in banks, which can invest them only in safe assets such as government bonds.The act is set to take effect on July 19 next year after a legislative review scheduled for next month.