Turkey considers limited tax on crypto transactions, not profits

The Need to Distinguish Between Security and Non-Security Virtual AssetsWith the recent enactment of the Virtual Asset User Protection Bill in South Korea, there is a need to lay out criteria for determining whether virtual assets qualify as securities, says Kim Ja-bong, a senior research fellow at the Korea Institute of Finance, in his report titled “The Implications of Determining Which Virtual Assets Constitute Securities and Investor Protection” released on Saturday.Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashThe implications of the Virtual Asset User Protection ActThe Virtual Asset User Protection Act — which will take effect in July of next year — aims to protect customer assets, establish regulations against unfair trading practices, and enforce penalties. Notably, it will target virtual assets that are not securities, deeming it necessary for regulators to determine if virtual assets qualify as securities or not in order to enforce the bill. Assets with characteristics of securities will fall under the jurisdiction of the Capital Markets Act.Therefore, if the Virtual Asset User Protection Act does not provide sufficient investor protection, issuers may be incentivized to issue non-security assets rather than security assets to avoid the regulations of the Capital Markets Act. This further necessitates the act of distinguishing between virtual assets that are securities versus those that are not.Determining if a virtual asset is a security or notThere are two approaches to do this, according to Kim: the passive approach, which avoids considering a virtual asset as a security whenever possible, and the active approach, which treats a virtual asset as a security whenever applicable.He argues that it is better to focus on whether an investment contract qualifies as a security if it is considered an investment contract, rather than simply selecting a specific approach.Furthermore, the nature of virtual assets renders them unbound by national borders, so it is necessary to establish assessment criteria that correspond with international standards, such as those used in the US and Europe.This is especially important because if the criteria differ from international standards, there is a risk of domestic investors suffering damages due to an issuer’s pursuit of regulatory arbitrage between countries.Equitable recognition and potential for security tokensAccording to Kim, the importance of determining whether virtual assets are securities lies in ensuring that security tokens receive the same recognition and trading treatment as traditional securities such as stocks. With such a measure, security token offerings can serve as an efficient and reliable method for raising funds. Although there may be concerns that such a regulation may hinder the development of virtual assets, it may well be an opportunity for security tokens to be qualified and trusted as high-quality financial instruments just like existing securities, Kim claims.Even for virtual assets that are not considered securities, there are many types of assets that are financial in nature, such as e-money tokens — therefore, it is necessary to actively protect investors in non-security virtual assets through financial regulations such as reinforcing disclosure obligations, which is being done in the EU through the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA).Empowering regulators for enhanced investor protection and market integrityKim underscored that investor protection and healthy growth of the virtual asset market are made possible mainly through expanding regulators’ authority to protect economic interests and prevent damages. The author also suggested institutional reforms that grant regulators substantial authority, which would enhance their ability to protect investors effectively and provide compensation for damages.He added that regulators should also have the authority to enforce liability for damages or impose civil penalties for unfair trading practices conducted using classified information.

Full operating license approval for Hex Trust in DubaiIn yet another instance of progress for the cryptocurrency sector, Hex Trust MENA FZE, the Dubai-incorporated subsidiary of Hong Kong-headquartered institutional-grade crypto custodian Hex Trust, has successfully secured an operating license from the Dubai regulator, the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA).Photo by Mohammed Nasim on UnsplashExtending regional presenceThis regulatory milestone, acknowledged by the firm in a statement it made public on Wednesday, not only solidifies Hex Trust’s presence in the Middle East but also marks a strategic move to extend its crypto custodial services to institutional clients and sophisticated investors in Dubai. While based in Hong Kong, Hex Trust has offices in Dubai, Singapore, Vietnam and Italy.This full operating license signifies the successful conclusion of the approval process within VARA’s regulatory framework for crypto service providers, which came into effect earlier this year. Initially granted a minimum viable product (MVP) operational license in February, Hex Trust’s latest achievement grants it the official authorization to continue its operations in the region, marking a pivotal moment in the company’s expansion strategy.With an increased footprint in Dubai, Hex Trust is now poised to deliver comprehensive crypto custodial services to both institutional clients and sophisticated investors. This strategic move is in line with the company’s aspiration to meet the escalating demand for secure and regulated digital asset storage solutions in the Middle East.Filippo Buzzi, Hex Trust’s MENA regional director, underscored the company’s dedication to expanding its reach in the Middle East, stating:“Hex Trust is fully committed to expanding into the Middle East and sees enormous potential for digital asset growth given the progressive regulations, welcoming governments, and thriving crypto ecosystem in the region.”This statement not only highlights the favorable regulatory environment but also emphasizes the increasing interest in cryptocurrencies within the Middle Eastern market.$88 million funding roundHex Trust’s recent success in Dubai comes on the heels of its $88 million Series B funding round last year, showcasing the company’s proactive approach to securing regulatory approvals on a global scale.In August, the firm received regulatory clearance in France, enabling it to offer a spectrum of services, including digital asset custody, purchasing, selling and trading. These regulatory triumphs position Hex Trust as a reputable and compliant entity in the competitive crypto custodial space.Series of approvalsWhile Hex Trust has demonstrated its adept navigation through regulatory processes in Dubai, it’s one of many companies to obtain licensing in the emirate in recent weeks.It emerged yesterday that CRO DAX Middle East, the Dubai-registered subsidiary company of Singapore-headquartered Crypto.com, received a trading license from VARA.Last week, Korean Web3 company CarrieVerse clarified that it had joined the Dubai Multi Commodities Center (DMCC) as a metaverse service provider. The DMCC is a United Arab Emirates (UAE) government agency which has developed into a hub for investors and Web3 startups. CarrieVerse and the DMCC have not as yet revealed details regarding the roadmap for the partnership.At the start of this month, VARA awarded Singapore’s WadzPay, a business-to-business (B2B) technology firm that focuses on enabling digital asset-based transaction processing and settlement, a license to trade within the emirate. Meanwhile, on Nov. 1, it emerged that crypto wallet project Backpack had received a license from the Dubai regulator.

GSR Gets on Path Towards Full Regulatory Approval in SingaporeGSR Markets Pte. Ltd., the Singaporean subsidiary of the global crypto trading firm GSR, has reached a significant milestone in its quest to become a fully licensed entity within the city-state. On Monday, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) granted GSR in-principle approval for a Major Payment Institution (MPI) license.Photo by Mike Enerio on UnsplashTrading licenses filtering throughThis development mirrors similar approvals granted to other crypto firms in the region, solidifying Singapore’s status as a hub for crypto and Web3 innovations. The approval of GSR’s MPI license follows hot on the heels of Coinbase Singapore’s announcement of securing a full Major Payment Institution license from MAS.Other companies such as Circle, Blockchain.com, and Crypto.com have also obtained MPI licenses this year. These developments underscore the competitive yet regulated landscape of the cryptocurrency market in Singapore.In-principle approvalThe in-principle approval from MAS empowers GSR to provide crypto and fiat-related services to Singaporean residents and entities. This includes the ability to conduct payment services without the limitations of single transaction thresholds (SGD 3 million) and monthly limits (SGD 6 million). GSR’s CEO, Jakob Palmstierna, expressed gratitude for MAS’s constructive oversight, which has played a pivotal role in shaping the evolving digital asset landscape in Singapore. Palmstierna stated:“We are immensely grateful to MAS for their constructive oversight, which helps shape a growing digital asset ecosystem that we feel proud to be a substantial part of.”Meanwhile, GSR’s COO Xin Song, emphasized the importance of this approval, stating that it enables them to “deepen our local client partnerships and continue in our critical role as a liquidity provider within the ecosystem.”GSR’s presence in Singapore aligns with the country’s burgeoning crypto-friendly environment. Recent surveys indicate that 25% of Singaporeans view cryptocurrency as the future of finance, with 32% having some involvement in crypto ownership. Moreover, Singapore boasts over 700 Web3 companies, positioning itself as a pivotal market for the expansion of the crypto and Web3 economy.Company ambitionsGSR, established in 2013 in New Jersey, offers a diverse range of services, including over-the-counter crypto trading, derivatives trading, market making, and venture capital investments. The firm is no stranger to regulatory compliance, holding Money Service Business licenses across several US states.The company was founded by former Goldman Sachs Executives Rich Rosenblum and Cristian Gil. At the height of the last crypto bull run, the crypto market maker had plans “to add 100 hires every six months for the next few years.” No doubt that ambition has been scaled back since then, given the protracted bear market which has followed.Last month, Gil became embroiled in a spat with Andrei Grachev of rival market making firm, Singapore-based DWF Labs.GSR’s recent attainment of in-principle approval for a Major Payment Institution license from MAS reinforces Singapore’s position as a leader in the crypto space. The firm’s interest in pursuing a compliant route forward and its role as a liquidity provider bode well for both GSR and the broader crypto community in the Asia-Pacific region.