Korea Securities Depository Spotlights the Significance of a Security Token Platform

India’s digital currency transactions have surged, surpassing 1 million daily transactions in December, meeting the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) ambitious target set for the end of 2023.Photo by Julian Yu on UnsplashCBDC-based employee paymentsReuters cited three sources familiar with the matter who have revealed that Indian banks played a crucial role in achieving this milestone by disbursing certain employee benefits through the central bank’s digital currency (CBDC), known as the e-rupee. As Indian crypto influencer and YouTuber Sumit Kapoor put it, the transaction level increase “happened because people working in regular banks were encouraged to use digital rupees instead of the normal money for their deposits and benefits.” RPI letter confirms increaseA letter seen by CoinDesk sent by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Shaktikanta Das, to RBI staff on Dec. 29 confirmed the increased CBDC use, stating that it “exceeded the milestone of 1 million transactions in a day on Dec. 27, 2023.” The e-rupee, developed as a digital counterpart to physical cash, utilizes distributed ledger technology. The RBI initiated the e-rupee pilot in December 2022, initially recording an average of 25,000 daily transactions by the end of October. Despite its integration with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), a popular framework for mobile app-based peer-to-peer money transfers, the transaction volume saw a substantial increase last month. Union Bank paymentsAccording to India’s Economic Times, the Union Bank of India is working towards transferring claims related to a number of employee benefits to CBDC wallets rather than the accounts of those salaried employees. Union Bank stated: “With an aim to promote CBDC wallet transactions, banks have been advised to encourage all staff members to transact using the digital currency and ensure 100% staff registration on digital rupee app.” Other banks have been playing their part in the current transaction level surge. This has included major private and state-run lenders such as HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, Canara Bank and IDFC First Bank. These institutions disbursed employee benefits directly into CBDC wallets rather than traditional salary accounts, demonstrating a significant shift in adoption patterns. The RBI anticipates that non-financial firms will follow suit, contributing to a further boost in transaction volumes. The user base for the e-rupee has also witnessed steady growth, reaching approximately 4 million users, up from 3 million in December, according to an executive familiar with the pilot. Globally, several countries, including China, France and Ghana, are in the pilot stages of their central bank digital currency (CBDC) projects. Nigeria has rolled out its digital currency, although success has been limited despite offering incentives such as discounts on auto-rickshaw rides. To incentivize e-rupee transactions, Indian banks are offering rewards, aligning with the RBI’s push to enhance transaction volumes. Sharat Chandra, co-founder of the India Blockchain Forum, commended the move to compensate employees using CBDC and suggested expanding adoption incentives to other areas, such as toll tax collections, to further encourage widespread usage. The positive momentum in India’s digital currency landscape reflects a growing trend toward embracing innovative financial technologies. 

Zero Two Enters Into JV to Develop First Middle East Mining OpZero Two, a digital assets development company based in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has partnered with leading North American crypto miner Marathon Digital in a joint venture that will result in the development and operation of the Middle East’s first large-scale crypto mining facility.Photo by Manuel Geissinger on PexelsInitial capacity of 250 MWIn a press release issued on Tuesday, Marathon Digital outlined that the venture is focused on accelerating the global digital economy while also supporting Abu Dhabi’s power grid.To progress the project, the two companies have formed the Abu Dhabi Global Markets JV Entity (AGDM Entity). Initially, two digital asset mining facilities, with a combined capacity of 250 MW, will be developed.One site, at Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, will account for 200 MW of that capacity. The remaining 50 MW capacity will be developed at a site located in the port area of Mina Zayed. The strategy of the firms is to exploit excess network energy in Abu Dhabi. The firms see this as a win/win as increasing the base load of the Abu Dhabi power grid will result in a more sustainable grid. The companies intend to supplement any use of non-sustainably produced energy with carbon offset certificates.80/20 equity splitThe two firms have agreed upon an 80%/20% equity split, with Zero Two being the lead investor. In the initial development period for the venture during 2023, both entities will contribute resources to the joint venture in proportion to the equity division, in the form of capital, equipment and infrastructure.Zero Two and Marathon had previously collaborated on a pilot project with the objective of determining the feasibility of building a large-scale facility. Air-cooled miners have not proven to be a success in hot arid climates like that of the Rub Al Khali Middle Eastern desert.The upshot of the pilot program was a determination that a custom-built immersion-cooled system would be feasible. Mining equipment for the facilities is already on order while construction at the two sites is underway. Both sites are expected to go online before the end of the year with a combined hashrate of 7 EH/s.Ahmed Al Hameli commented on the joint venture: “This alliance leverages Zero Two’s regional expertise, expansive relationships, and growing blockchain infrastructure development and operational capabilities, with Marathon’s technical prowess in developing digital asset sites and innovative mining technologies.These synergies create a powerful combination and lay the groundwork for the success of this pioneering project in the Middle East. Marathon shares our commitment to actively supporting Abu Dhabi’s power grid and developing global digital assets infrastructure. We look forward to working with them on this venture.”Jurisdictional arbitrageMarathon’s CEO Fred Thiel said that Zero Two’s regional relationships were an optimal compliment. It may be both a timely and shrewd move by Marathon to develop this project in the Middle East region. In recent weeks the Biden administration floated the idea of a 30% crypto mining tax. Crypto mining is a global endeavor.That type of additional overhead would make it very difficult for North American miners to remain viable. By opening up new working relationships in other regions, the company may be in a better position to pivot should North America and the firm’s Montana-based mining facility become unsustainable.

Bhutan’s Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC), a special administrative region (SAR) within the Kingdom of Bhutan, plans to establish a strategic cryptocurrency reserve.Photo by Ameya Sawant on UnsplashBitcoin, Ether & BNBThat’s according to an announcement published by the new administrative region on Jan. 8. In that statement the GMC SAR outlined that it has the intention to “recognise digital assets such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH) and BNB as part of its strategic reserves.” The SAR acknowledged that the move would result in it becoming one of the first jurisdictions to officially put in place the holding of digital assets as part of strategic reserves. While it cited Bitcoin, Ether and BNB, the SAR outlined that it has the intention to recognize digital assets with large market capitalizations and deep liquidity. That requirement has been set out so that it can easily trade in and out of these assets without impacting asset prices on the open market. The Kingdom of Bhutan is no stranger to cryptocurrency. It emerged in 2023, through court filings in the bankruptcies of crypto lenders Celsius and BlockFi, that Bhutan had cryptocurrency holdings managed by Druk Holding and Investments, the commercial arm of the Royal Government of Bhutan.  An evolution of Bitcoin mining activityShortly afterwards, it was revealed that Bhutan had been mining Bitcoin since it was priced at $5,000. Crypto mining was deemed to be a good fit for the Kingdom, given its considerable hydroelectric resources. Bhutan has entered into partnerships with Singapore-headquartered crypto mining firm Bitdeer to jointly develop green digital asset mining operations. Given this background, the SAR stated that adding crypto as part of a strategic reserve would be “an evolution of the jurisdiction’s involvement in bitcoin mining.” Crypto rather than Bitcoin-onlyTaking to the X social media platform, the BNB network project described the move as “a major milestone for blockchain adoption.” It added that the SAR’s inclusion of BNB suggests the existence of global trust in the BNB Chain ecosystem and belief in its utility. Binance founder Changpeng Zhao (CZ) also chimed in, pointing out that the Bhutan GMC SAR isn’t just considering a Bitcoin reserve but one which includes crypto more broadly. CZ added that this demonstrates that Bhutan is open-minded and open to the consideration of cryptocurrencies beyond Bitcoin. The Binance founder said that this development “opens the door for BNB (and other crypto) to be included in other countries' National Strategic Reserves.” He believes that this will be the first of many strategic crypto reserves to be established. “This is a smart move by the country to attract crypto companies, investments, and innovation,” he added. The GMC SAR covers an area of 1,000 square kilometers, making it larger geographically than the city-state of Singapore. Its objective is to become a global leader in sustainable development, with a specific emphasis on holistic living, mindfulness and economic development.  The Bhutanese authorities intend for GMC to become a gateway for tourists visiting the area and Bhutan more broadly. It’s also seen as an initiative which can garner further foreign direct investment. According to data published by on-chain analytics firm Arkham Intelligence, the Kingdom of Bhutan holds 11,688 BTC ($1.1 billion) and 656 ETH ($2.18 million).