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Hong Kong regulators signal embrace of spot crypto ETFsHong Kong has signaled its readiness to usher in spot crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs), as the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) jointly announced on Friday that they are prepared to accept applications for such funds.Photo by Oskar Kadaksoo on UnsplashUpdated virtual asset-related policyIn a set of circulars released, a joint circular representing both regulators and a separate circular published by the SFC, they outlined the updated policy for intermediaries engaging in virtual asset-related activities.The SFC, responsible for overseeing financial markets in Hong Kong, expressed its openness to applications for the authorization of funds with exposure to virtual assets, specifically mentioning virtual asset spot exchange-traded funds (VA spot ETFs).This move expands beyond the existing crypto futures ETFs, demonstrating Hong Kong’s commitment to adapting its regulatory landscape to the evolving crypto market. It also builds on positive commentary made by SFC CEO Julia Leung on the subject last month. Leung stated that the regulator was open to the notion of retail participation in spot crypto ETFs in Hong Kong.Leung stated:“We welcome proposals using innovative technology that boosts efficiency and customer experience. We’re happy to give it a try as long as new risks are addressed. Our approach is consistent regardless of the asset.”Use of license platformsFriday’s SFC circular emphasized that transactions conducted by these ETFs must occur through SFC-licensed crypto platforms or authorized financial institutions. The SFC outlined that both in-kind and in-cash subscription and redemption methods are permissible for SFC-authorized spot VA ETFs, providing flexibility in fund management.Custody requirements were also addressed, with the SFC specifying that the trustee or custodian must delegate its crypto custody function exclusively to an SFC-licensed Virtual Asset Trading Platform (VATP) or entities meeting the crypto custody standards set by the HKMA.Industry responseThese latest circulars from the regulators have prompted a response from the industry. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange has reacted, welcoming the announcement. It believes that such a move would serve to strengthen Hong Kong’s position as a digital asset hub in the region. The exchange already lists a number of crypto futures ETFs, with multinational investment bank UBS having recently extended access to these products to its Hong Kong-based high-net-worth clients.While the regulatory landscape in the United States in 2023 has proven to be hostile, one very positive development appears to be ongoing work towards spot bitcoin ETF approval. Although still a matter of speculation, many industry commentators believe that approval will come through on Jan. 10. The advent of spot bitcoin and crypto ETFs in both eastern and western markets would likely make for an extremely bullish 2024 for the industry.Hong Kong’s move towards spot crypto ETFs aligns with its proactive stance in adapting to the rapidly evolving crypto landscape. The regulatory framework, as outlined in the circulars, reflects a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring investor protection. The city’s financial authorities have taken a comprehensive approach to review and update policies, once again signaling their ongoing commitment to embracing the growing role of virtual assets in the financial world.

The Japanese government is moving to modernize municipal finance through blockchain technology, though the timeline for much-anticipated cryptocurrency tax reforms appears to be drifting further into the future. Municipal bonds as security tokensAccording to a Dec. 23 Nikkei report cited by CoinDesk Japan, policymakers decided to begin preparing to issue local government bonds as security tokens. The government aims to submit the necessary legislation during the ordinary Diet session in 2026. Concrete measures, shaped by requests from local municipalities, are expected to be finalized ahead of next year. Advocates say that issuing bonds as blockchain-based security tokens would modernize local government finance by reducing friction in issuance and settlement and enabling real-time tracking of investor data.Photo by Luke Stackpoole on UnsplashCrypto tax reform seen as taking timeWhile the digitization of bonds progresses, the schedule for easing the tax burden on crypto investors is reportedly facing setbacks. CoinPost reported that, according to sources, the transition to a separate tax on crypto gains is now expected to take place in January 2028, a delay from the initially envisioned target of January 2027. The legislative groundwork is still slated for the 2026 Diet session, where amendments bringing crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA) will be deliberated. However, the current cautious policy approach prioritizes investor protection and adjustments to the tax reporting framework, making a delay in implementation more likely. The proposed amendments address the steep tax liabilities currently faced by domestic investors. Under Japan’s current system, crypto gains are treated as miscellaneous income, taxed comprehensively with salary and other earnings at rates that can reach roughly 55% when including local taxes. The plan, which the ruling coalition has been coordinating, aims to align crypto taxation with that of stocks and forex trading. It would introduce a flat 20% separate tax rate and allow loss offsets and carryforwards of up to three years, bringing crypto closer to other financial assets. It would also ease tax filing by potentially adopting a framework similar to the designated accounts used in Japan’s securities market, reducing the reporting burden on digital asset investors. The slow pace of these regulatory changes has drawn criticism from the private sector. Tomoya Asakura, CEO of SBI Global Asset Management, a subsidiary of SBI Holdings, took to the social media platform X to voice concerns about the pace of reform. Asakura characterized the process as "extremely slow," warning that the lag places Japan behind jurisdictions such as the U.S., Asia, and the Middle East. He argued that continued delays would further impede domestic initiatives in Web3 and digital finance. Bybit to pull out next yearAmid this shifting regulatory landscape, foreign entities are adjusting their operations. Dubai-based crypto exchange Bybit, which is not registered with Japan’s Financial Services Agency, announced on Dec. 22 it will phase out services for Japanese users to remain compliant with local rules. The exchange has stopped onboarding Japanese residents or nationals since 12:00 p.m. UTC on Oct. 31, and accounts held by customers in Japan will be gradually restricted starting next year. 

Katsunobu Katō, a Liberal Democratic Party politician and Japan's Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba's government since October 2024, has said that cryptocurrency assets can play a role in a diversified investment portfolio. Katō made the remarks while speaking at an event that was held in Tokyo related to the subject of crypto assets on Aug. 25, according to Bloomberg. Katō stated:''Crypto assets run the risk of high volatility, but if an appropriate investment environment is created, they can become targets for diversified investment.''Photo by JJ Ying on UnsplashGrowing crypto user baseKatō acknowledged that there is a growing user base in Japan related to digital assets. With that, he intends to work towards the provision of a healthy trading environment in Japan for stakeholders within the digital assets sector. The finance minister added that he has been trying to balance regulation with a need to leave the digital assets sector with sufficient freedom so as to enable the development of innovation. Crypto tax reformIt emerged over the weekend that the Japanese financial regulator, the Financial Services Agency (FSA), intends to include tax reform measures in respect of the crypto sector in 2026 tax revision proposals that it will bring to the Japanese government. It’s expected that the proposals, scheduled for submission by the end of this month, will call for a separate taxation category for digital assets and the implementation of a flat 20% tax rate. Under Japan’s existing tax regimen, crypto trading gains must be reported under the categorization of “miscellaneous income,” with those gains subject to tax rates of up to 55%. The move would bring taxation on crypto trading gains in line with the tax treatment that’s currently in place for equity trading gains. Equities have been given their own category and are taxed at a flat rate of 20%. Reclassifying cryptocurrenciesAdditionally, the FSA plans to propose legislation next year that would result in the reclassification of cryptocurrencies, removing them from their current treatment as a means of payment under the Payment Services Act. The regulator wants crypto to come under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, reclassifying it as a financial product. Katō has outlined his party’s commitment to the consideration of reviewing crypto asset taxation. That item was incorporated into his government’s tax reform plan for 2025, while the Japanese cabinet approved a proposal to amend the Payment Services Act back in March. As part of plans to have digital assets categorized as financial products, the FSA is also understood to be interested in broadening the scope of insider trading restrictions. Kato’s remarks are being interpreted as positive for the crypto sector. According to International Monetary Fund (IMF) data, Japan is the world’s fifth-largest economy, with a gross domestic product (GDP) exceeding $4.1 trillion.Source: World Economic Outlook (April 2025)In further positive news for the sector in Japan, it was reported on Aug. 18 that the FSA is likely to approve the issuance of JPYC, a Japanese yen-backed stablecoin, over the course of the coming months.