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Korea Makes Strides in Establishing the Legal Framework for Security TokensSouth Korea is making significant strides in establishing a legal framework that enables individuals to own and trade fractional shares or portions of real-world assets such as music copyrights, real estate properties, and artworks, through tokenization on blockchain platforms.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashAmendments to two actsAccording to a report by local news outlet Newsis, the ruling People Power Party (PPP) and the Financial Services Commission (FSC) are actively involved in proposing amendments to the Electronic Securities Act and the Capital Markets Act to legalize security tokens. These amendments will be presented to the National Assembly this month by PPP lawmaker Yun Chang-hyun, who is also a member of the National Policy Committee.Security tokens, which utilize the capabilities of blockchain technology, will play a pivotal role in this context. Once the legal framework is in place, the issuance and distribution of these tokens will be facilitated.In preparation for the proposal of these amendments, PPP lawmakers conducted a hearing today to discuss the matter at hand. The hearing included a presentation by Lee Soo-young, Head of the FSC’s Capital Markets Division, who shed light on the formulation of security token policies to bolster the capital market. Additionally, Choi Jeong-cheol, Head of the Strategy and Planning Division at Korea Securities Depository, outlined the key points of the proposed amendments to the Electronic Securities Act and the Capital Markets Act. Distinguished attendees at the hearing included Park Sun-young, an economics professor at Dogguk University; Hwang Hyun-il, a financial lawyer at law firm Shin and Kim; and Kim Kap-lae, a senior researcher at the Korea Capital Market Institute.Details in subsequent decreesIt is anticipated that these amendments will incorporate the framework introduced by the FSC in February, which focuses on enabling the issuance and distribution of security tokens, as well as establishing account management organizations and over-the-counter (OTC) brokerages. The forthcoming enforcement decrees, following the amendment of these Acts, will specify the precise details, including the authorization requirements for these entities and investment limits.

China Launches Digital Yuan ATMs in Hainan Resort City of SanyaThe latest in a long list of initiatives to bring about further use of China’s digital yuan has seen the introduction of e-CNY ATM machines within the resort city of Sanya on Hainan Island. That’s according to a recent report published by the South China Morning Post (SCMP).Photo by Monstera on PexelsInternational currency exchangeThe introduction of e-CNY foreign exchange machines aims to provide visitors with easy access to digital payments and enhance their experience in the local mobile payments ecosystem. Resembling traditional ATMs, these machines allow tourists to deposit 20 different currencies, including US dollars and euros, and receive a physical card loaded with e-CNY in return.The card can be used for seamless payments at participating merchants with a simple tap. Travelers can also use the machines to top up their e-CNY balance, check transaction records, and manage their funds.This initiative addresses the needs of tourists who often face challenges setting up Chinese mobile wallets, which have become essential for retail, dining, transportation, and shopping. These mobile wallets typically require real-name verification and a local bank account, posing difficulties for foreign visitors.While limited prepaid options have been available in recent years, the e-CNY card now offers a convenient digital payment solution without the need to download a separate app. The machines are currently available in two cities, with the Bank of China (BOC), one of 11 authorized banks for e-CNY, leading the development of these innovative devices.Earlier this year, BOC launched a similar foreign exchange machine at Yiwu International Trade City in Zhejiang province, emphasizing China’s efforts to promote digital currency and facilitate financial accessibility. Both Zhejiang and Hainan have been striving to become attractive destinations for foreign tourists and merchants. In May, administrators within the local government in Jiangsu Province confirmed that they would be launching an initiative to promote use of the digital currency within the local education system.The introduction of these machines aligns with Beijing’s mission to develop and promote its sovereign digital currency, known as the Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP). The project, which began trials in 2019, aimed to enhance financial inclusion and digital finance accessibility for unbanked individuals.Digital yuan internationalizationChina has been actively pursuing the internationalization of the digital yuan, seeking to facilitate yuan-denominated trade and investment, while reducing reliance on the existing global financial system. In May, the BOC entered into a partnership with French financial services firm BNP Paribas that will see the company promote e-CNY to its corporate clients.China’s efforts to promote cross-border use of e-CNY extend to regions like Hong Kong, a key offshore yuan center. A trial of the e-CNY for cross-border payments took place last year, facilitating more than 150 million yuan ($22 million) of cross-border e-CNY transfers in 160 payments, involving 20 commercial banks in Hong Kong, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).As China continues to make inroads where adoption and use of the e-CNY are concerned, these developments signal a significant shift in the way we can expect sovereign currencies to be made available globally.

Lee Bok-hyun, the governor of South Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), is set to have a meeting with Gary Gensler, the chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in May. The purpose of their meeting is to discuss whether to classify non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as virtual assets. Currently, NFTs are not seen as virtual assets in Korea, but there is a high likelihood of them being acknowledged as such following the meeting in May, local financial media outlet Edaily reported.Photo by Andrey Metelev on UnsplashLack of definition for NFTsAn NFT is a digital certificate of authenticity that is not fungible or replicable. NFTs tokenize content or assets of various types – from images, music, videos, games and artworks to real-estates – by assigning a unique token ID to them. Many see 2018 as the year NFT technology was first introduced.  Despite its wide range of applications, no legal definition has been made for NFTs. Some view NFTs as technology, and others as virtual assets or securities. The Korean government decided not to recognize NFTs as virtual assets under the Virtual Asset Protection Act (Virtual Asset Act), effective in July. Behind this decision is a perception that NFTs are less likely to pose significant risks to the market, as a large portion of NFTs are now traded by collectors seeking to expand their private collections.  However, NFTs are increasingly seen as speculative destinations by many investors over time, as prices of virtual assets including BTC surge. This shift backs the local movement to recognize NFTs as well as spot bitcoin ETFs as virtual assets. Opposition from NFT businessesBlockchain industry insiders say defining NFTs is of utmost importance, noting that classifying NFTs as virtual assets headfirst could deal a heavy blow to businesses in this sector. One finance insider mentioned that defining NFTs comes down to understanding their purposes and how they are utilized. If NFTs are primarily used for speculative purposes or as currency, they could be recognized as virtual assets, the person said.  The biggest resistance is coming from NFT-related businesses. That is because recognizing NFTs as virtual assets would require these businesses to obtain a virtual asset service provider (VASP) license from the financial authority, which takes significant costs and workforce in the process. A CEO of a blockchain startup, who preferred to remain anonymous, expressed concerns about the possibility of NFTs becoming virtual assets, saying that such recognition would enable NFT transaction tracing, potentially leading to severe violations of human rights. While many industry insiders expect that the financial authorities will bring NFTs under the forthcoming Virtual Asset Act, the FSS stated that no decisions have been made regarding details of the upcoming meeting with the U.S. SEC.