Japan’s Kumamoto City Bolsters Innovative Blockchain Startups

Cronos Labs launches zkEVM chain testnetCronos Labs, the developer behind the Cronos blockchain ecosystem, is charting a new path in the blockchain space by launching a zkEVM chain.From Cosmos to EthereumThe Cronos zkEVM chain is being launched in the first instance as a test network. The layer-2 blockchain will rely upon ZK Stack, the software kit developed by Matter Labs. In this way, the project will be extending its scaling roadmap from Cosmos to Ethereum. As Matter Lab’s SVP of Business and Operations, Marco Cora put it:“When we introduced the ZK Stack, we opened up the door for anyone wanting to build on top of Ethereum to do so by deploying hyperchains. Whether you’re building a specialized Rollup or a general purpose one, hyperchains allow you to tap into Ethereum’s extensive userbase base and liquidity while preserving its robust security and decentralization.”The journey began with the creation of the first chain in the Cronos ecosystem — a Cosmos appchain developed in collaboration with Singapore-headquartered crypto platform Crypto.com and launched in 2021. Subsequently, Cronos introduced an EVM-compatible chain in 2022, built using the Cosmos SDK. Notably, these new endeavors complement, rather than replace, the earlier established chains.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashThe product of collaborative effortsA significant development in Cronos’ evolution is the introduction of zkEVM, a result of collaborative efforts involving Cronos Labs, Matter Labs and engineering teams from stakeholders Crypto.com and existing dApp developers. The zkEVM testnet is a breakthrough, utilizing Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet and incorporating zkSync’s open-source prover, Boojum — a STARK-based zero-knowledge proof system known for its efficiency in the layer-2 rollup space, with low hardware requirements and fees.The decision to launch a native Ethereum chain stemmed from challenges in bridging EVM chains and bridging between Cosmos and Ethereum, according to Ken Timsit, Managing Director at Cronos. Timsit emphasized the richness and robustness of the Ethereum developer ecosystem for building DeFi and NFT applications.Native account abstractionHyperchains within the ZK Stack share components, including a native bridge to the Ethereum mainnet and zkSync’s trustless bridging mechanism, ensuring assets remain secured by Ethereum. The implementation of zkSync’s native account abstraction allows transaction fee payments in various cryptocurrencies, including Cronos’ native token (CRO).Cronos’ zkEVM is anticipated to progress to the mainnet in the second quarter of 2024, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of hyperchains.The landscape of hyperchains is expanding, with projects like GRVT and Tradable utilizing the ZK Stack. GRVT, a derivatives exchange, and Tradable, a tech firm focused on bringing private credit on-chain, exemplify the diversity and specialization within this emerging sector. Tradable aims to establish an institutional-focused hyperchain, potentially forming a decentralized chain alongside other institutional partners.Matter Labs views the zkSync hyperchain as a superior option compared to app-specific chains in Cosmos, emphasizing the scalability and security benefits. Hyperchains, a potential alternative to private blockchain frameworks like Hyperledger or Corda, offer technical scalability with the benefits of Ethereum. However, practical scalability remains a challenge due to cost considerations and the social coordination problem.

Regulated blockchain and digital asset solutions provider Paxos has announced the launch of its latest digital asset, the Global Dollar (USDG), a U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin. The company outlined in a press release published to its website on Nov. 31 that the USDG stablecoin is being issued by its local Singaporean corporate entity, Paxos Digital Singapore Pte. Ltd., with the product being regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).Photo by Alexander Grey on UnsplashMAS compliant offeringThe company claims that the offering is “substantively compliant” with the stablecoin regulatory framework that MAS intends to roll out imminently. Paxos paved the way for this latest product offering back in July when it obtained a Digital Payment Token license from MAS, enabling it to issue U.S. dollar-backed stablecoins within the city-state. In terms of distribution, Paxos intends to partner with global crypto exchanges, wallets and platforms in an effort to get this new product out into the market.  DBS Bank partnershipIts first partnership with regard to the Global Dollar has already been struck with DBS Bank, Singapore and Southeast Asia’s largest bank based on assets held. DBS will play a role in the custody of USDG reserves and in cash management relative to the project.  Ronak Daya, Head of Product at Paxos, said that “USDG offers a trusted solution with a top-tier banking partner in DBS that will be the catalyst to drive stablecoin innovation and enterprise adoption at a global scale.” This latest product launch appears to be similar to the approach the company has taken in the Middle East. Back in June a United Arab Emirates (UAE)-based affiliate company launched the Lift Dollar (USDL), a yield-generating U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin under the regulatory oversight of the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA), the regulator within the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) free zone and international financial center. Running on EthereumThe USDL stablecoin started out on the Ethereum network, with it launching on the Arbitrum network in October. A similar roadmap has been set for USDG, with it launching on Ethereum while Paxos maintains that it “will be issued on more blockchains in the near term.” The Stellar network is likely to be one that it expands to in the future. In October the firm announced an integration with the Stellar Development Foundation, with a view towards expanding stablecoin adoption. Daya said that “enterprise interest in stablecoins has never been higher than it is today, but the market lacks a solution that combines regulatory compliance with real economic incentives for enterprises.” The company has developed an expertise in the issuance of digital assets, with USDG being its sixth such issuance. Last week Paxos outlined that it had launched a stablecoin payments platform with the objective of simplifying global transactions for payments providers and merchants. Paxos has also partnered with the Trump family venture, World Liberty Financial, which plans on launching a U.S. dollar stablecoin with the help of Paxos. The firm’s CEO, Charles Cascarilla, also encouraged both U.S. presidential candidates recently to embrace stablecoins as a mechanism through which to safeguard the continuing influence of the U.S. dollar on a global basis. 

Hong Kong regulator, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), has established guidelines for crypto staking service providers. That’s according to a statement published by the SFC to its website on April 7. The guidance is aimed at licensed virtual asset trading platforms (VATPs) and SFC-authorized funds with exposure to digital assets.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashExpanding service offeringThe regulator points out that the guidance on staking falls in line with its recently announced “ASPIRe” roadmap, which is geared towards ensuring that the Chinese autonomous territory remains relevant in its efforts to maintain its status as a global hub for crypto businesses. Expanding product and service offerings within the crypto sector was one of the five pillars of that plan. Smoothing the way for the offering of staking works towards fulfilling that aspect of the ASPIRe plan. Written approvalIn this guidance, the SFC sets out that licensed service providers must obtain written approval from the regulator before any such product can be offered to investors in Hong Kong. That stipulation applies to both VATPs and authorized funds with digital asset exposure. Additionally, VATPs must retain control over staked assets, with no delegation in the custody of such assets to third parties permitted. In the case of authorized funds that include crypto assets, they must stake virtual asset holdings through licensed VATPs and other authorized institutions. Required disclosuresThe regulator has also stipulated that certain disclosures must be made by licensed exchanges to potential customers in respect of staking products. These include the disclosure of all associated risks, full transparency with regard to fees, minimum lock-up periods and custodial arrangements. Commenting on the provision of this guidance, SFC CEO Julia Leung said that the provision of a greater range of regulated services and products is crucial in order to sustain continued growth of Hong Kong’s virtual asset ecosystem. However, she added that any broadening of the range of services offered “must be done in a regulated environment where the safety of client virtual assets continues to be front and centre of the compliance framework for offering such service.”   The SFC outlined that it recognizes “the potential benefits of staking in enhancing the security of blockchain networks and allowing investors to earn yields on virtual assets within a regulated market environment.” The authorities in Hong Kong are not the only ones who recognize the benefits that the incorporation of staking within crypto investment products can bring. Last month, Robert Mitchnick, head of digital assets at the world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock, told the Digital Assets Summit in New York that Ether ETFs would benefit from the addition of staking.  Mitchnick suggested that the current inability to earn a staking yield within such products is a key limitation. He outlined that such a change is dependent upon relevant regulatory changes being implemented in the U.S. A more crypto-friendly climate in the U.S. since U.S. President Donald Trump took office has resulted in various lawsuits being dropped against companies like Coinbase related to the staking services that had been offered. A number of U.S. Ether ETF issuers, including Franklin Templeton, Grayscale and Bitwise, have put forward proposals to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to have staking included in these products.